I. Introduction
The user interface is the medium between people with a computer. The user exchanges information with the computer through the user interface. Therefore, the quality of the user interface is directly related to whether the performance of the application system is fully utilized, and it can be used accurately, efficiently, and easy work. So the friendliness of the software is critical to the software system. At present, domestic software developers pay attention to software development technology and their business functions in design, and ignore users' demand for user interfaces, affecting the ease of use, friendliness. In fact, the user interface is a very important side of an application - it directly affects the value of the program. For most users, the user interface is what they understand all of the products. So for them, an application for a good internal design but the user interface is a bad program. A user interface framework for an application is an important factor in determining its business value.
What is an excellent user interface? When designing the user interface, it is best to look at the various applications of Microsoft companies. We can't find many common things, such as toolbars, status bars, tool tips, context menu, and tag dialog, and the like. Readers can also use their software experience, think about which applications that have been used is easy to use, which is satisfied. Speaking of the bottom: A excellent user interface is an intuitive interface that is familiar with the user. Interface elements are in line with most interface design. After the user first contacted this software, I felt that it would be natural, and I can't easily use it. And the user will even get a happy mood during use. It is very simple to say, but in actual development, it is not easy to do this. This article believes that the excellent graphical user interface should be designed, and should start in software, which is to pay enough attention to the demand analysis stage. The author focuses on the factors to consider the user interface design requirements and design excellent interface. Common principles.
Second, the factors that the user interface design needs to be considered
1, interface element
Usually the element of a user interface includes interface main color, font color, font size, interface layout, interface interaction, interface function distribution, interface input and output mode. Among them, elements that have a significant impact on user work efficiency include: input and output mode, interactive, functional distribution, in systems with command interactive mode, command name, parameter is also the content of interface elements, how to design commands and parameters are also very important. Elements that affect users' evaluation of system-friendly are: color, font size, interface layout, etc., this division is not absolute, the software interface is used as a whole, where any element does not meet the user habits, not satisfying user requirements will be reduced The user's recognition of the software system does even affect the user's work efficiency, and the user will finally give up the use system [1]. The design objects to be achieved around the interface are to allow end users to get aesthetics, improve work efficiency, and easy to operate the system. At present, there are many research on interface elements, layout design, etc., cover the discussion of availability engineering, human-machine engineering, cognitive psychology, aesthetics, color theory, etc.
2, user role
Interface demand analysis must focus on users, different from objective functional requirements analysis, with great subjectivity [1]. Although the interface designer can be designed in accordance with the usual principles, the user's individual cultural background, the level of knowledge, personal preferences, etc., the interface needs are also very different. Different users have different requirements for the software interface, expressing their own way. Moreover, the user's interface requirement usually unclear as the business function needs, and it can be checked, and it is difficult to analyze the special tool. Most users often make clear, global interface needs, and their needs are closely related to their own subjective factors. Investigate the user's interface needs, we must first start from the investigation user's own characteristics, comprehensively process the requirements of different characteristic user groups, and more to analyze its interface needs. So here to lead the conceptual model of the user role.
The user role refers to a collection of user features that can represent some user features in accordance with a certain reference system, which is convenient for unified user. [2]. The goal of the user survey is to summarize the single users that cannot establish a model into a collection by investigating the user characteristics, defining the user collection as a role model, and gives different priority levels to find out their interface requirements. The user's needs survey and its characteristic survey, that is, the user's role definition is often performed simultaneously. There are many ways to investigate, such as direct communication, data statistics, focus group, card sorting, etc. The principle of user role definition is representative, related to system functions and is conducive to interface requirements. One user role may include a large number of user individuals, and their requirements for the interface can be defined in accordance with a certain interface model. In a software system, the user role definition is based on the system, and a single user can belong to different user roles in different reference systems, but a user role requires a type of interface. User roles can usually be divided into two categories: skilled users and novice users [3]. The reason why the user role is to define because the different user roles are different in the demand analysis process, and the side focus is different, and even contradict each other. Only clear the user role, demand analysts can require the unparallery of the veins in chaos and unclear users, according to different priorities of user roles, balance the contradictions in many users, abstract the complete GUI interface model [ 2]. Different user roles are reflected in the properties of the interface elements, and the interface elements constitute the user interface. The properties of the interface elements are different, and the final interface style is different. Whether user needs are reflected in the target system, depending on the cost, benefits of user needs, not all user interface needs are reflected in the system interface. Friendly target system should be close to or even with the user's ideal model, so demand analysis will eventually fully clarify the potential needs of users and implement user needs in the target system. In the demand analysis process, the user faces the actual visual actual operation interface of the user, so the result of the interface needs is to meet the target system interface required by the user.
3, demand changes
We know that users can only propose basic requirements for interfaces, and the requirements are not necessarily reasonable, so how to inspire users to clarify their needs as soon as possible, which is a problem that needs analysts will face. The user proposes its own requirements based on the ideal system you imagine. After the development side implements the target, it is handed over to the user. After the system implementation runs, the user will compare the actual target system with their own ideal system, and the use of the target system stimulates the ideal system in the user's imagination, and then puts forward new needs. Since the user interface has a big relationship with the user's psychological condition, the level of understanding is a big relationship, so for the user interface, the user can only know if it is in line with your own operating habits, color, font and other interface elements to meet their own requirements. This makes a clearer requirement.
4, interface prototype
Due to the pre-software development, the user's interface needs vague, and even there is no ideal model, the requirements of users are difficult to quantify, and the results are easy to be ignored by demand analysts. Therefore, the application fast prototype method is applied after the user role definition is completed, and the user can help users improve their ideal model as soon as possible. Using interface prototypes to shorten the cycle of interface requirements, and meet the requirements of users as much as possible. The rapid prototyping method is rapidly generating a prototype of a software system according to the demand of the software system, which is the main benefit to get more complete, more accurate needs and design as soon as possible. Using the interface prototype, users can inreleep recognize the interface style of the future system and the operation method, so as to quickly make judgments: whether the system meets its senses expectations, whether to meet their own habits, can meet the needs of their work. Demand analysts can use interface prototypes to guide users to correct their ideal systems, and propose new interface requirements. Therefore, the step of interface demand analysis can be: determining the interface elements involved, analyzing user features and defining user roles, and design interface in accordance with the interface requirements of the user role and constantly improving improvement. Third, design principle
On the issue of the user interface, Dong Shi's effect is more effective than pushing new. The software system has developed so many years. Every type of software has its popular interface style and design practices. Since everyone can become an interface master, the author thinks that the old man is always the same as the cat and paintings will never be wrong. Depending on the experience of the author, list commonly used principles for interface designs for reference, believe that these principles can have some help in designing user interface.
1. Simple
The simplicity of the interface is to make the user easy to use, easy to understand, and reduce the possibility of user errors. "10 minutes of law" is a standard (Nelson, 1980) (Nelson, 1980) [1].
2, user language
The interface that can reflect the user itself in the interface is used instead of the language of the designer. To use friendliness, humanized tips, words are friendly, reduce user setbacks, language is active rather than passive, prompt and inspiration.
3, the memory burden minimizes
The human brain is not a computer, and the human brain handling information must be considered when the design interface is considered. Human short memory is limited. So for users, browsing information is easier than memory information. This is also why users are willing to use a user interface rather than only the cause of the command line.
4, consistency
Consistency is the characteristics of every excellent interface. The structure of the interface must be clear and the terminology used should be consistent, the style must be consistent with the content, and the hue of the interface is also consistent.
5, use the user's familiarity
The design interface should take full advantage of the user's familiarity of most applications to help users use the interface through the knowledge already mastered. In fact, the layout of the window, the color of the color, the font style, etc. are a good way to imitate Microsoft, because their design is compliant with the industry's standards or practices.
6. Considering from the user's point of view
I want to think, do what they do. Users always understand and use their own way. In the interface design, the user-centered design method (User Centered Design) is used to enable users to actually participate in interface design. In the final interface design, it reflects the user's idea, which is the key to designing the user interface satisfied with the user.
7, arrange grouping
An orderly arrangement of neatly arrangement allows users to easily use it. If you don't put the "copy" and "Paste" function in the Tools menu item (should be placed in the Edit menu item). In the actual design, users can also participate in the information structure of the user expectations using the card classification in the availability engineering.
8, safety
Users can choose each of the interfaces, and all options are reversible. There is a dangerous choice when making a dangerous choice is a valid method for reducing user errors.
9, humanity
High efficiency and user satisfaction are humanized embodiments. There should be two interfaces that skilled users and novice users, ie, users can customize the interface according to their own habit, and save the settings. It is best to design an adaptive menu item similar to the Windows operating system. Depending on the user's operation, it is judged whether the user or novice user is given to a user interface suitable for the user. Fourth, conclude
The above is the factors to be considered in the user interface design and the principles that should generally be followed. Typically, when designing interfaces, it is necessary to take into account the user's machine configuration, pay attention to the resolution option when designing fonts and pictures, so that the user interface can achieve the best display effect. Today, today's fast-growing development is very important. This requires us to continue to accumulate experience in future learning and work and make our app better. I believe that the needs of the user interface described above and the common principles will be helpful to everyone in designing the user interface.
