About teaching aids, this time is collected. But there is still no specificity to the process clearly, and I estimate that the actual purchase operation of the teaching aid is also a thousand and needs further in-depth understanding. The information collected will be organized, and will then gradually adjust and supplement. 1.: The Ministry of Education stipulates that the teaching aid management process is two, related institutions and department 1. Institute of Teaching Instrument for the Ministry of Education 2. National Teaching Instrument Standardization Technical Committee 3. Provincial Education Technology Equipment Institutions 4. Various standards three, a specific procurement process 1. Item Management 2. Principle 3. The bidding process of government procurement (Example: Zhuhai Municipal Government Procurement Center) Fourth, the overall market data of the teaching aid 5, the comparable market data 1. Popularization rate of computer at school 2. Education Information 3. Projector six, problem 1. Teaching Tool 2. Education 3. School pressure seven, new development and requirements 1. The Ministry of Education has further strengthened the technical equipment work of primary and secondary education: (August 12, 1999): Teaching Basin [1999] No. 11. Next step education equipment hotspot 3. Conference summary
1.: The Ministry of Education stipulates that the Ministry of Education, the Ministry of Education, the Ministry of Education stipulates that the teaching aid management process education department [2000] No. 6 provisions, "National Jocular Management Work is responsible for the Ministry of Education Basic Education Division. Search Management Work Under the guidance of the provincial education and technical equipment administration or under the guidance of the education administrative department, the provincial education and technical equipment institutions have made specific business works such as the identification, equipping management of the region, and use management. "Equipment and use The principle of self-employment and students should be implemented, and any units and departments should have to force schools and students.
Second, related institutions and department 1. Institute of Teaching Instrument, Ministry of Education
The Institute of Education Teaching Instruments Institute of Education was directly under the Ministry of Education, which was resumed by the State Council, which was approved by the State Council, and his predecessor was founded in the 1994 Ministry of Education Teaching Instrument Research. Develop national teaching aid configuration catalog: "Middle School Science Education Instrumentation Directory" system. Since 1985, a total of nearly five hundred varieties, more than 6,000 samples, and less than 60% of the test task were born. Issue: "Teaching Instruments and Experiment" Organizational Techniques Selection: Over 5 times, the last time is 2000 science research project: 1145 (535 high education 535) have set up a teaching aid center: teaching tool prototype and research equipment, and tie The Beijing Teaching Tool Center of the Office has established a sub-center in 10 provinces. Related Contents: New experimental instruments for applying sensors and computer acquisition and processing data have been tried in school.
2. National Teaching Instrument Standardization Technology Commission National Technical Committee (hereinafter referred to as "Teacher Strong Board") is a national standardization management committee and the Ministry of Education and leaders of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, and is responsible for national teaching instruments and equipment. Standard development, revision, review, and propaganda and other work. Six committees of the next year: (1) Mechanics, IMPT Technology Commission (II) Electrical, Magnetologic Terminal Technology Commission (3) Optics, Atomic Physical Engineering Branch (IV) Biology Instrument Division Technical Committee (Five ) Chemical instrument sub-technical committee (6) Small preschool instrument sub-technical committee work procedures: All ministries have developed standard development, revision plans, and implement them after approval by the Ministry of Education. According to the State Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine, the Ministry of Education issued, revised plans, organizations. The Secretariat sent to the relevant units and relevant members of the country to seek opinions. The comments are generally two months. Form a standard approval after modification. After the Secretariat of the Torker Board, it was reported after reviewing the procedures. Funds: 1. Teaching Instrument Industry Orientation Management Department - the funding of the Ministry of Education; 2. Regular funding of the National Teaching Instrument and Equipment Industry Association (www.ceiea.com); The Ministry of Education Teaching Instrument Institute undertake part of the standardization fee; 4. Funding of corporate and standard drafting units; formulating the "National Teaching Instrument Standardization Technology Commission Charter (Draft) "Planning (discussion manuscript)", "2002 teaching instrument standard system, revised projects (discussion)" and "National Teaching Instrument Standardization Technology Commission Secretariat (discussion manuscript)" and other documents have been considered. 3. Provincial Education and Technology Equipment Agency Diagram Provincial Education and Technology Equipment Agency Function Jiangsu Province: Provincial, Municipal, and County Education Equipment Department should establish a government procurement center, leading by education administrative departments at all levels, accepting business guidance and supervision of government procurement departments. All the equipment of the school equipment is unified by the equipment department, and strictly financial admission system, strengthen supervision and auditing. Jiangsu Province: Instrument and equipment purchased by all schools must meet the ministerial or provincial standards, must be the product, e-book and various software within the scope of the Ministry of Education, Provincial Education Equipment Management Agency, must be genuine, the province will regularly Or do not regularly organize the implementation of the inspection industry standard, if it is found that violations of the above provisions will be investigated for the responsibility of the purchasers and school leaders.
4. Various standard education assessment operations standards for education and equipment standards
Third, a school specific procurement process 1. Item Management Tu Ningbo Beilun Middle School Purchase Process: (1) All sectors, office, grades, and teaching and research groups, semester procurement plan or temporary procurement plan, fill in the items to purchase orders. (2) The item is pleased to purchase a unified office, summarize. (3) School Office to send the principal room for approval. (4) After the principal room agrees, the transfer office is purchased. (5) Purchasing items inspection library. (6) Please purchase people to fill in the items or borrowed or borrowed or borrowed items.
2. Procurement Principle Tu Ningbo Beilun Middle School Procurement Principles (1) General, urgent and small teaching supplies, office supplies and other items, adopting in close purchase. (2) Any number of general teaching supplies, office supplies, student life supplies, learning supplies, office supplies, office supplies, office supplies, office supplies, and fixed-point purchase of unified checkout, and take designation of the general office, the general office Members, accounting staff to choose 2-3 traffic convenience, good reputation, reliable quality, fair price, and complete commodities as counterpart fixed procurement units. (3) The procurement plan for purchasing items is more than 50,000 yuan, 200,000 yuan, must form a procurement team by relevant personnel of three people, using the back-to-back quote, and priced after three times. If necessary, the principal should organize administrative personnel and financial personnel to conduct market surveys, and keep a market market in time. (4) All procurement plans for purchasing items above 20,000 yuan, 50,000 yuan, take the school's foreign language, convene 4 ~ 5 has a certain economic strength, technical force, and good reputation, and the school is set up The bidding team handled bidding. (5) All procurement items are above more than 50,000 yuan, and the government is public bidding. (6) Any item procurement activity of more than 50,000 yuan must have a complete bidding, the quotation, and the bidding process record will be recorded. When priority or more selective and more live item procurement, please use the department to send professional management personnel to coordinate procurement to ensure the quality of purchasing items. 3. Process of the bidding process of government procurement (Example: Zhuhai Municipal Government Procurement Center)
Figure Zhuhai Municipal Government Procurement Process
Fourth, the overall market data of the overall market data has been completed by 20 years, and the teaching instrument industry has a professional teaching instrument and research unit, more than 600 teaching instrumentation and equipment production plants, more than a thousand, annual sales of more than 400 million yuan. Phased contrast
School number
School student
Per capita education funding
Total education funds
Preschool education
11.18W
2036.02
primary school
45.69W
12156.71
813
988.34
junior high school
6.56W
6687.43
960
641.99
special
1540
37.45
High school
High school
1.54W
1683.81
1565
263.52
Journey
0.64
428.13
1664
71.24
Secondary school
0.2953
456
Technical school
0.3075
152.99
Adult high school
0.1463
33
Adult secondary school
3473
153
College
High
1396
903
6178
557.87
High
607
559
Postgraduate
728
50
The national standards are about 50% of the national population, and the "two-based" rural areas have been achieved, and all primary school experimental instruments are equipped with the standard of class III. 50% of them have reached the class II equipped standard or township school. Dacted the national I classification standard, the experiment center for local schools. All junior high school reached the classification standard or more, 60% of junior high school reached the classification standards above type II. More than 90% of schools popularize experimental teaching. All schools in high school are equipped with national II standards, of which 60% of high school instruments are equipped with Class I standards, including a variety of applicable functional classrooms. accounts for about 50% of the country's population, has realized the rural areas of "two bases", compulsory education all school libraries (room) construction reach the national class II standard, or a group of townships have reached the national class II or above, and have a standard book center. And play a radiation service role, the center can connect with the LAN to obtain online book resources. High school libraries (room) construction reach the national I standard, and a group of schools have an electronic reading room.
V. Comparable market data 1. Popularization rate of computers at school
The number of primary and secondary school networking computers May 27 to June 26, 2002: In size, the primary and secondary school network network computer has 35.3% in the 201-2 schools, such school infrastructure is good, campus network The investment size is 2 million to 3 million, the entire campus network consists of 2 multimedia classrooms, 1 multimedia electronic reading room, teacher office network, e-library four function subnets, has initial teaching, management, information sharing function The networked computer is smaller in 51 to 100 units, which is limited in this type of school funds. The possibility of re-investment in the school is small, and most schools are waiting for the overall planning of the "school school" project of the Education Committee, unified procurement. (Data Source, China Computer World Network) 2. The overall investment of education in 2003 was 2.26 billion yuan. As of 2002, nearly 75% of colleges and universities have a campus network, nearly 150,000 primary and secondary schools have opened information technology, establishing the development of the information construction in the urban area network and campus network, and the development of information construction is particularly rapid. According to relevant news, the total investment of colleges and universities reached 7.2 billion yuan in 2002, and the average of more than 5 million yuan per college informatization. Developing in western regions, education informationization is generally in its infancy, and the basic construction is still the focus. According to Sichuan, Chongqing, Gansu, Shaanxi, 1200 educational users of four provinces, four provinces of Shanxi: 5% of users have not started construction; 7% of users are preparing for construction; 51% of users have just been in the starting phase; 37 % Of user information construction is more mature. In 2004, 39% of users still focus on hardware construction such as network, PC, storage, and 19% of users continue to build software construction. The increase in resource construction is large, and the proportion accounts for 23%, and 10% of 10% of users will pay attention to overall construction. In 2003, the national education informatization has reached 100 million. But anxious thing is that 90% of the campus network is in an idle, there is no fully utilized state, and can use hardware popularization to carry out information technology and curriculum integration, estimated no more than 10%, information technology to education The impact is far from reaching the expected goal, but it becomes a 10 million dilemma. The main reason for the formation of the difficulties is that education resources cannot be effective sharing and integration. The interconnection issues have not been solved. Many urban networks become "honeycomb" (vertical, horizontally) structure, but also for education informationization Play a restriction.
3. Projector Market: In recent years, the global projector market has increased in average 35% of each year, and China's projector market has developed rapidly at 65% to 100% per year. The education industry is the largest user group of China's projector products, and the market share is 50%. According to statistics, the application of the project machine market in 2002 accounted for 60%, business applications accounted for 35%, and the remaining 5% market share was divided by the home entertainment market. General (primary and secondary school) education system market has more than one-third of the entire projector market, is the largest industry market, and large standards are from Pujiao. Second, the market demand in the third-level city or region has increased significantly in 2004. User purchase: School procurement puts forward more stringent requirements, and procurement methods are also more standardized and transparent. In particular, the general education system, more use of local education committees and government bidding procurement methods. While unified purchases bring large standards to the industry, the capacity and product quality of suppliers and product quality in education bidding are more clear. For example, the bidding unit in more than 100 education industry standards purchases will usually make the following business requirements for the bidder: the bidder requires independent legal person qualification, good credit, and has the strength of the business, and the registered capital is not less than 50-300. 10,000 yuan of enterprise units or institutions; bidders provided by biders must have national license certifications (including production licenses, electrical and safe certification, electromagnetic certification one or several); bidders must be the manufacturer of bidding products ( National license certification holders) or special dealers or system integrators authorized by the manufacturer; relevant qualifications; the bidder must have a formal registered service agency and have a considerable office venue and staff. Manufacturer: At present, the domestic projector brand is very messy. Lin Lin has added a total of dozens, but there is a leading brand, but the largest market share is even more than ten percent. A current sales scale is only a 100,000-magnitude Chinese projector market, actually over 60 Chinese and foreign brands, more than 700 models of products, which are spectacular in the global IT industry evolution. Recent: In 2004, Beijing educational institution continued to have more than 1,200 sets of purchasing projectors; Henan, Anhui, Hebei, Sichuan and other local education institutions project machine bidding number reached more than 500 units ... Currently, China has a total of various secondary professional schools and More than 700,000 primary and secondary schools, more than 1500 are distributed across the country. In all urban primary and secondary schools and secondary professional schools, there are nearly more than 70,000 distributed eastern coastal areas where the economy is relatively developed. Since June, the procurement of educational industry across the country began to appear, and there are hundreds of data projector standards in various markets. Henan, Shenyang, Guangdong, Guizhou, Ningxia, Daqing ..... mark distributed all over the country, this year Educational procurement has both national financial education funding projects, as well as local self-raising projects: campus network construction companies and network teaching content suppliers have begun to involve the competition of campus multimedia solutions. It is worth paying attention to the unfair competition of the unfair competition of the unfair competition of the special brand of the project in 2003, the unfair competition of special performance indicators, and the unfair competition of special performance indicators, so that the supervision mechanism in the procurement of education industry is a major topic this year. . Six, problem 1. Teaching aid Excessive disciplines and grades involved in learning, and there are many repetitions, some unnecessary things are also mixed; Single, design is not ideal, unable to pay attention to educational psychology, education health and child safety ; Some products are crude and have serious quality problems; Requires students to purchase more, high prices, and increase students' economic burden.
2. Education Debt: (Data Source: http://jszb.ceiea.com/dytj/dybg/11175.asp) 2003 Education Funds Shortage, the year-end education revenue gap accounted for 58.1%. Apply to the upper government to apply for 68%; 39% of the borrowings; find other relations units, accounting for 19%; increase the restructuring school, accounting for 9%; open the social charge service project, accounting for 5%; increase the payment of students, 4 %; Increasing a charge item for student, accounting for 2%. The fuel shortage hardware climbing: The promotion of "National Demonstration School Construction" is beginning to evolve high schools into national, provincial, and regional grades. Different grade schools have different charging standards, but a good school is not only high fees, and regional public resources are also concentrated in these high-quality schools. Nowadays, primary schools and junior high schools now compete in the characteristics of the school, mainly the comparison of hardware, which has increased the pressure of students and schools. In the investigation of education funds in education, the government investment is the first, with an average of 70%, and the income of education is the second source, accounting for 19%, and education surcharge is the third source, accounting for 4%. Therefore, education charges are unable to eliminate, the key is to reasonably standardize toll projects, categories, and standards. The National Development and Reform Commission held a press conference on the 16th, informing the results of the special inspection of national education chaos in 2003. Since September 16 special inspections, the national prices at all levels sent a total of 3033 inspection groups, and had a key inspection of 63484, medium and primary and education administration, and 12634 educational chances. The amount of violation is 21,4001,5001 yuan. 3. School pressure education: 1 Insufficient government investment is clearly the first reason; 2 Shenjiu, dangerous, scale expansion, etc., the heavy debt, etc., it needs to be charged; 3 greening, electric base, civilized unit and other social reputation evaluation, check The cost of assessment can only rely on charges; 4 party newspapers, regional publications, urban large public activities, etc., 5 social requirements for education content and teaching conditions are increasing, computers, school-based courses, social inspectors and other courses Content, the classroom's lighting, brightness, teaching methods and other hardware conditions have become a must, the government requires schools to achieve, but the funds are subject to their own way; 6 governance is not reasonable, and some must have a prohibition of content. It has caused the school to see the way to continue the charge; 7 Since the top, the investment of education is actually not fundamentally guaranteed. The government has not been able to completely undertake, and the community has not yet formed a tradition. "People's Education People's Office" is just an incentive slogan. The conscious behavior of the masses has not reached. Education inside: 1 Some principals are based on short-term behaviors based on climbing or engage in political achievements. They pay more attention; 2 know the shortage of conflicts, uniforms, and do not stop the new fees; 3 forced public opinion, upgrade, administrative pressure, from primary school to high school promotion I will still exist in class, and the counseling textbook is still existing; 4 teachers to treat comparison, the principal is forced to resolve talents, solving the extra treatment of teachers can only charge.
Seven, the new development of teaching and requires the education person in charge of Jiangsu Province to say: Our teaching must change, not you want to change, but the college entrance examination to pull the curriculum reform, must be changed. We should prepare early, our equipment must adapt to the transformation of traditional teaching model to modern teaching mode. The task is very arduous, and he is far away. In the future, our equipment is all-round, the concept is brand new, and the general is three types, intellectual readings, network, smart (teaching aids, learning), which is to create an environment.
1. The Ministry of Education has further strengthened the advice of primary and secondary education and technical equipment: (August 12, 1999): Basic [1999] No. 11 is based on improved and improving the equipment equipment, we should start, build a language, labor Technical, computer, etc. specialized in classrooms and libraries (rooms), equipped with liberal arts and sound, body, and beautiful equipments. Conditional should also be equipped with modern education technology equipment such as multimedia network systems. Encourage interchange between schools, resource sharing, school facilities can be opened to society to further improve the use of educational equipment. Regional education and equipment departments for large education equipment can conduct pilot, exploration, exploration, and establish a perfect operational mechanism and effective monitoring and guarantee measures to make limited funding on the basis of summing up experience. 2. The next step of education equipment hotspot distance education, Western education, mobile education, etc. will be hot in 2004. In addition, while the basic construction continues to grow, the application problem of education informationization will become the focus of information construction, especially the information construction of the eastern part; resource construction will further increase the intensity; with the increase in user application, information services Growth will be more obvious, focusing on information technology training. In 2004, it was a key period of the development of the education industry. The People's Congress has established the invention creation classroom, car simulation driving classroom, native woodworking classroom, electronic classroom, photography camera class, mechanical and research classroom, pottery classroom, design technology classroom, etc., currently improving the metalworking classroom, still Prepare professional classrooms such as intelligent robotic classrooms, innovative laboratories. 3. The 4th Guangzhou International Education Instrument and Equipment Exhibition and the 4th Guangzhou International Education Information Technology Exhibition, and hundreds of educational equipment manufacturers attended the exhibition. According to information, Guangzhou is a South China Regional Economic Center, the education development center city, and the national education funds have over 10 billion last year. Guangdong's per capita educational consumption expenditure is nearly 9,000 yuan, and the first in the eastern coastal province is first. According to statistics, the province's large-scale primary and secondary schools used to purchase various types of teaching instruments and equipment in 2003 were 1.97 billion yuan. In addition, Guangzhou University City, which was built, started to start, will start school in September next year. In 2005, 24 demonstration high school will also be built, which has brought more market opportunities for educational enterprises. China Distance Education "Magazine is scheduled to hold the" 2004 China Distance Education Conference "in Beijing Chang'an Street in Beijing, China, 2004. http://www.chinaonlineedu.com/meeting/
This newspaper Nanjing October 18 (Reporter Zhao Jianchun) The 10th China International Education Technology Equipment Exhibition, which is jointly hosted by China Higher Education Society and China Teaching Instrument Equipment Corporation and 2004 National Higher Education Instrument and Equipment Exhibition, Today Opening at Nanjing International Exhibition Center. Zhou Yuanqing, president of the China Higher Education Society, attended the opening ceremony. More than 40 merchants from 7 countries and regions such as Germany, Japan, South Korea, the United Kingdom and Hong Kong, China participated in the show. The exhibition area has more than 30,000 square meters, more than 1,700 international standards, more than 900 exhibitors, and the representatives of college demands are expected to reach more than 5,000 people.
"National Association Achievement Exhibition" (hereinafter referred to as "Reporting Exhibition") (hereinafter referred to as "report exhibition") is scheduled to December 7, 11, 2004, by the People's Republic of China, the National Development and Reform Commission and the State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission of the State Council. Hold in Beijing Exhibition Hall. Reporting the Exhibition by 28 Ministry of Education, the Ministry of Science and Technology, etc. The report show is the first time since the founding of New China, is a grand event of an unprecedented industry association. It is recommended by the Ministry of Education Association Management Office. The Chinese Teaching Instrument and Equipment Industry Association officially participated in the exhibition. The report exhibition is not only the report exhibition of the work achievement of the China Teaching Instrument and Equipment Industry Association, and is also a report show for the development of China's teaching instrumentation industry. The 48th China Teaching Instrument and Equipment Exhibition: The largest highlight of the 47th International Exhibition is that the number of visitors is mostly high, and the quality is high. Due to the unique location of the pavilion, the organizer carefully organized nearly 29,000 professional audience. Many of these famous universities such as Tsinghua, Peking University, South Opening, Tianjin University, etc., all sent specialists, professors, executive staff to visit exhibitions all day, only Tsinghua University organized 280 people to visit, procurement.
In order to understand the development of foreign teaching instruments and equipment and the preparation status of foreign school education and equipment, while expanding the intervals of international peers, the Group's "Global Education Expo" and the "Global Education Expo" in Switzerland will participate in the European School. And enterprises, the relevant matters are hereby notified as follows: Preliminary development at the end of October 2004, a total of 15 days.
The 2004 Northeast, North China, two regions of the North China and North China and North China and North China and North China, and the Tianjin Municipal Education Technology and Equipment Office, held in Tianjin City in June 15th. Those more than 30 leaders and heads of the Eleventh provinces, municipalities, autonomous regions, and single-list education and equipment departments attended the meeting. Comrade Zhang Runxing, deputy chairman of the China Teaching Instrument and Equipment Industry Association, and Comrade Liu Shihai, the deputy director of the Institute of Teaching Instrument, and is invited to attend the meeting. Comrade Meng Qingsong, deputy director of the Tianjin Municipal Education Commission, attended the meeting and speaking, Chase Yang Zhu, Director of Tianjin Equipment, and Shenyang Equipment Station, Song Dynasty, the Song Dynasty, the Song Dynasty, the seminar.
The 4th National Education Worker Inventions and Science and Education Production Exhibition Event Excellent Works Exhibition and the first National Science and Education Equipment Exhibition have held milk bottles in Taiyuan City, Shanxi Province, plastic pipes, fish, bubble, be a fish body, this is a Lifelike squid anatomical model; the heart beating and blood circulation of frogs via lighting flash movement; there are also multi-function wheels. A total of 275 pieces of work participated in the exhibition, and finally took out 31 first prizes, 99 second prizes, 145 third prizes. Exhibitors are an excellent works earned by the provinces and cities audit, the fourth "Exhibition Campaign" Jury. They involve teaching tools such as language, physics, chemistry, have certain scientific and advanced nature, and strong practicability, condensed the cardiosity of educators, showing their intelligence and innovation.
In 2004, Zhejiang Modern Educational Technology Equipment Display Association has developed more than 200 new teaching instruments, "" China's primary and secondary education equipment investment has grown rapidly, and it has invested 118 billion yuan last year. Adapting to the needs of basic education curriculum reform, the Provincial Department of Education has formulated the "Compulsory Education Curriculum Standard Experiment Teaching Material Teaching Instrumentation Instruments", as a standard for the use of teaching instruments in primary and secondary schools after using new textbooks, and guide production companies to develop, development and adapt Teaching instruments and equipment for new curriculum reforms, provide conditions for new curriculum reform. It is reported that the province's primary and secondary schools have been equipped with new textbooks for more than 10 million yuan. The intelligent robot innovation laboratory system developed in our province can The programming content of high school students in the information technology class "moves" on the robot. The teaching instruments of the new development and development in our province are not lack of high-tech products. The reporter saw in the show, a kind of "Q teacher pointers" New language learning and language teaching aids, attract many principals who purchase new teaching instruments. Use photovoltaic identification, strip compiling codes, CD-adding fuzzy control, etc., as long as it will be put into the disc Reading machine, use the optical pen to gently grab it on the bar code corresponding to the book, the reading machine will come out, providing English learning, listening, reading the way, listening, reading the way. According to reports, this is national education The research results of the "Fifteen" key topics. In 2004, China Yunnan Modern Education Technology Equipment Exhibition (June 17-20, 2004) Spring 2004 Higher Education Instrument and Equipment Exhibition (May 12 - 14, 2004) Wuhan Science and Technology Exhibition Center, 47th China Teaching Instrument and Equipment Exhibition (2004.04.26-28 Liaoning Shenyang) The 2nd China Northeast Higher Education Pu Education Equipment Exhibition - April 2004, 2004 2004 Zhejiang Modern Education Technology Equipment Exhibition Exhibition Order will March 29-31 2004 Beijing Regional Higher Education, Pu Education Equipment Exhibition March 27-31 2004 Western Education Information Technology Equipment Exhibition May 21-24, China 4th Guangzhou International Teaching Instrument Equipment Exhibition March 31 - April 4th China International Modern Educational Technology and Equipment Exhibition - March 16-18, 2004 2004 China International Education Technology Expo (2004.03.19-21 Beijing) 2003 "Education City Network and Distance Education "Theme China Computer Education Annual Meeting (2003.12) Member Congress of China Education Technology Association and 2003 will be held in Guilin, Guangxi (2003.12)
Attachment: Teaching Tools • Middle School Physical Education Instruments Fabricated Contacts • Middle School Sports Equipment Facilities • Junior Middle School Music Art Equipment Favorite Directory • Middle School Labor Technical Class Teaching Equipment Favorite Directory • Primary and Secondary School Sanitary Devices and Equipment Equipment Directory • Primary Nature Mathematics Teaching Instruments • Primary Sports Equipment Facilities • Primary Music Art Equipment Favoritory • Primary Labor Courses Teaching Equipment Fabricated Contacts • Middle School Teaching Instruments - Primary School Teaching Instruments
