In 1997, three bodies created UML0.9, just like God. This century's doing IT called them as the arms, because UML has become an indispensable artifact in their hands. Their name is Grady Booch, Ivar Jacoboson and James Rumbaugh. Unified Modeling Language, UML is a language. The current most popular application UML is RUP (Rational Unified Process), also known as UP. The UP has four phases: (1) Iception (2) Elaboration (3) Construction (4) Transition. UML has two types of structural maps: class diagrams and implementation methods. Segmentation has a map and object map, a formation diagram, and deployment diagram. There are five categories of behavior:
· The first category is the example of the example, from the user's perspective, and points out the operator of each function.
• The second category is a static diagram, including class diagrams, object maps, and package diagrams. One of the class diagrams describe the static structure in the system. Not only define classes in the system, but also the connection between the classes such as association, dependence, polymerization, etc., but also include the internal structure of the class (class properties and operation). The class diagram describes a static relationship that is valid throughout the entire life cycle of the system. The object map is an instance of a class diagram, which is almost identical to the same identity as the class diagram. Their differences are that the object chart displays a plurality of object instances of the class, not the actual class. An object map is an instance of a class diagram. Since the object is there in life cycle, the object map can only exist at a certain period of time. The package is composed of a package or class, indicating the relationship between the package and the package. The package diagram is used to describe the hierarchical structure of the system. • Third category is a behavior map, describing the dynamic model of the system and interaction between the constitutive objects. Where a state diagram describes the objects of the class objects all possible states and the transfer condition of the event when the event occurs. Typically, the state diagram is supplemented to the class diagram. In practice, it is not necessary for all class pictures, only for those types of pictorial pictures that have multiple states of their behavior affected by the external environment and changes. The activity diagram describes the activities that meet the activities you have to do with the use of examples and the constraint relationship between the activity, which is conducive to identifying parallel activities. • The fourth class is an interactive relationship between interactive diagram and describes the interaction between objects. Where sequential diagram shows the dynamic partnership between objects, it emphasizes the order of messaging between objects, and simultaneously displays interactions between objects; cooperation diagram describes collaborative relationships between objects, cooperation graphs, similar, displayed Dynamic partnership. In addition to displaying information exchange, the cooperation map also displays the object and the relationship between them. If you emphasize the time and order, use sequence diagrams; if you emphasize the upper and lower level relationships, select a collaboration diagram. These two graphs are called interactive diagrams. · Fifth category is Implement Diagram. The component diagram describes the physical structure of the code component and the dependencies between the components. One component may be a resource code component, a binary component or an executable component. It contains information about logical classes or implements classes. The component diagram helps to analyze and understand the interaction between components.
Commonly used UML tools are: Ratianal Rose, Visio, and hand paper pen. Some other software will not be held.
The use case map is mainly used for business needs in the UP process primary stage, generally used to model the test, ordinary processes, and abnormal processing processes. With examples, there are 4 basic components: systems, participants, use cases, relationships. There is also generalized concepts (and almost inheritance). Contains (incrude) often uses other use cases, Extend occasionally uses other use cases. Establishment examples 5 Tasks: a. Find the participant and use case b. Differentiate the priority of the use case c. Refine each use case d. Establish a use case model E. Establish the user interface. The activity map is used to make the logo and perform activities. The activity map has three markers, activities, state, and transfer. The control point is an expression that allows the control stream to pass through the transition as TRUE. The decision point is a marker, indicating a decision and the control flow corresponding to a different location, and the transfer is a active drawing state to another activity drawing state. Time is an activity that migrates the control flow from one activity to another, and the lane is partitioned by the object or domain. The role of bifurcation and coupling is to separate parallel processing, combining different processing control flows together to form a single processing stream. There are 5 main tasks of the event map: a. Representation of the use case of the active map is required B. Modeling the main path c. Modeling each use case from the path d. Add a lane to represent the activity of the activity. E. improvement High-level activities and add to more active diagrams. The two components of the event diagram are active objects and messages, and the main content of its modeling is interacting between different active objects. There are 4 messages: synchronous, return, asynchronous, simple. As the name suggests, there is not much explanation. There are also branches and slave flows, branches are bifurcated, from belonging to divide the lifeline into two points. The four steps of modeling sequence diagrams: a. Determine workflows you need to model them. From left to right, the object c. Add messages and conditions to create each workflow D. Draw a map one side to join each figure.
Flowchart
The main components of the class diagram are two attributes and operations. Some concepts are OO's basic concepts. Modeling class diagram To perform two steps repeated: a. Determine the class and its association B. Determine characteristics and operations.
Class Diagram
Collaboration drawings are a collection of objects or characters, connection objects, and associated roles. 3 messages synchronization, asynchronous, and simple. Serialization is to give the message number. The control point condition is the calculation result of the expression of the condition control message to limit the sending of the message.
Collaboration map
The status diagram and activity diagram are almost, but the difference is still in the active map to model how different regions interact, the state map is used to represent a single object, and how the object is active. The snapshot of a certain moment when the state is. 5 steps are: a. Sign up of entity b that needs to be further modeled. Indicates the starting state of each entity and end state c. Determine event d related to each entity. Create a state map from the start state. If The key and state is specified necessary.
State diagram
Component diagram, formation is a single component of the software. It allows a file, product, executable file, and script. The relationship between the components is called dependencies. Curing relationships can also be used with "import", and components can include owed.
The deployment diagram is a relationship between the hardware, and the node can contain components. Communication association between nodes. Creating a Implementation Method (Deployment) There are 4 tasks: a. Add Node B. Add communication association c. Add components and other content, such as classes, and object d. Add dependencies.
Deployment diagram
Object Constraint Language, OCL. Each constraint must have a context. Constrained Curing Type: Per-Condition, Post-Condition, Invariant (for class, elsewhere for operation). Syntax: context context inv: constraint context Student inv: GPA <= 4.0 context Teachers :: SocialStudiesTeacher inv: AssignedClasses-> includes (GlobalStudies) // package OCL has four basic types:. Integer, Real, String, Boolean user can Define other data types.
Set (SET) unordered: set {Items in the set} set {1, 9, 4, -1 ,0} sequence is a list of items that allow repeated items: sequence {item in the sequence} bag Repeatedly disordered item list: Bag {items in the bag} -> Union (BAG (3, 3, 3, 3)) = BAG {1, 2, 3, 3, 3, 3, 4}
INTERSECTION is used to generate a set (BAG {1, 2, 3, 4}) -> INTERSECTION (Bag (3, 3, 3, 3)) = set [3] Asset Operation Used to delete repetitive items (Bag {1 1, 2, 2, 3, 3} -> asset = set {1, 2, 3} SELECT is used to generate a collection, the anti-operation of the SELECT operation, he returns a collection of False expressions, FORALL operation All elements in the collection meet the expression of the Boolean value True, and the exists operation has at least one element in the collection to meet the expression operation to true, the size operation returns the number of items in the collection.
UML I am just a preliminary study, a lot of things don't understand, the first time I wrote the article is not embarrassed. Part of the text is copy. UML is indeed a good thing.
