Debian's software package housekeeper: DSELECT usage
content:
Steps to install packages with Dselect Install Packages Select Installing Media Update Available Package Database Select Package Installation Package Installation Package Configure Package Delete Unused package exits, complete! Postscript
Baouxia (Linuxman@sd163.net) Wednesday, January 30, 2002
DSelect is an important package management tool in Debian publishing, which is very powerful, and it is a bit complicated. It may not be easy to master. In fact, DSELECT works very nature, like a good teacher, and as long as you follow DSELECT's tips, step by step, put the package installed. Ok, let's take a look, how DSELECT guides us to easily install the Debian package.
First, start DSELECT using the DSELECT Installation Package, we can see the following interface: It can be seen that the DSELECT installation package has passed the following natural and complete steps:
Determine the installation medium. Update the installed package database based on the determined installation media. Select the package to install the package to install the installation package to remove unwanted packages to exit, very logical, is it? Just step down step by step. Some people think that DSELECT is difficult to use, which is probably not easy to remember because of its operating methods. In fact, if you are familiar with one of VI and Emacs, some keyboard combinations are similar. For example, in the main interface of DSELECT, different operation steps (VI processing mode) can be selected by i and j, or can move the cursor (processing mode of Emacs) by ^ n and ^ P, of course, can also be passed through the cursor key. Move the cursor. Second, selecting the installation medium DSELECT supports multiple installation methods. When [A] Cess is selected, the following interface appears: The above installation media is self-explanatory. It is recommended to use the APT method. Just edit the /etc/apt/sources.list file, you can enjoy the package maintenance of the package from the APT: You just set the sources.list, the rest will let the APT to do it. ! My Sources.list is like this:
# See Sources.list (5) for more information, especial
# Remember That You Can Only Use HTTP, FTP OR File Uris
# CDROMS Are Managed Through The Apt-CDROM TOOL.
Deb http://http.us.debian.org/debian Sid Main Contrib Non-Free
Deb http://non-us.debian.org/debian-non-us sid / non-us main control Non-Free
#deb http://security.debian.org Stable / Updates Main Contrib Non-Free
# Uncomment if you want the apt-get source function to work
# deb-src http://http.us.debian.org/debian stable main control non-free
# Deb-src http://non-us.debian.org/debian-non-us stable non-us
#deb CDROM: [Debian GNU / Linux 2.2 R4 _Potato_ - Official I386 Binary-1
(20011106)] / UnStable Contrib Main Non-US / Contrib Non-US / Main # deb ftp://ftp.linuxForum.net/debian Sid Main Contrib Non-Free
#deb ftp://ftp.linuxForum.net/debian-non-us sid / non-us main contrib non-free
Third, the update the available package database Next, the update the installed package list database is updated according to the installation media you select. This step is quite simple, and it is generally necessary to press ENTER. For example, choose to use the APT to install, DSELECT automatically connects the Debian mirror server in Sources.List and reads the list of software package on the server. If an error occurs, if you use the APT installation, you cannot connect the server error. DSELEC will give an error message and some suggestions, ^ _ ^, is it friendly? Then, DSELECT returns to the main interface after confirmation, the cursor is still stopped on the Update, indicating that the Update operation just has not succeeded. At this time, you can usually try Update once. If many attempts have not succeed, it may be that the server is turned off, then it will be given to the image, the mirror server is more. 4. Selecting a package This is the most complicated step. Here, DSELECT is to complete the following features:
Choose a package to install or delete a package to resolve the interdependence between the software package Solve the "smart" of the mutual conflict between the selected software package DSELECT, using DSELECT, you only need to answer a few questions, the above complex problem can be solved Fall, let's take a look at a typical package installation process. 4.1 Help Screen Press SELECT, wait (DSELECT), then the help screen appears first. It is important to learn to use help, all DSELECT operation methods are in help. The essentials of using help are as follows:
At any time, you can press to start help. After entering help, you with the "Space" key to exit the help. Use. Key to read the next screen of the help. Very simple? Let's browse the entire helpful content, there is a total of 5 screens. 4.2 Select the package, we press the "Space" button to exit help and enter the interface to select the package. It looks a bit complicated? explain. 4.2.1 Prepare Knowledge: Method for moving the cursor Select the interface of the package into two parts. The upper half lists the optional package, and the lower half gives a simple explanation of the selected package. First look at the upper part. Note that the classification of the debian package is expressed in section, and the package is organized into different sections. The movement method of the cursor is a difficult point here, ^ _ ^, it seems simple things, actually some learning. However, if you are familiar with VI, it is much simple. Summarizing the following: Each package has a line, there is a description of the following description: Eiom, this is our focus, follow. Pri, importance, divided into Required, Standard, Important, Optional, Extra, which is sequentially reduced. Section, this package belongs the section of the package, the name of the package inst.ver, the version number of the package already installed, the version number of the available package, the version number Description, the software package is simple, except Emiom is more likely to understand, let's take a look at the meaning of EiOM: E-Error Flag, error flag, may take the value: i-installed state, the current package installation status, the value is: O-Old Mark The last installation state, the value may be: m-mark, this installation method, may take the value: give an example, as shown below: The case of the package CVS can be seen from the figure:
The EIOM status said that the current package has not been installed, which can be installed 1.22.1p1-4. Note that at this time, O and M flags are "_", indicating that there is no traces of the package on your machine, ^ _ ^. This package belongs to the DEVEL group. For example, the famous Bash is already installed, the installed version number is 2.05A-4. Observe the Eiom sign. 4.2.2 Start Select the installation package! Tell more keyboard combinations, how do you choose a package to install? Very simple, just select the package or package group, press the " " button. To be smooth, the selection process of the package is over. You can press the Enter key directly, DSELECT returns to the main interface, and then execute the install function to be installed. Example, or an example of the above CVS package: It can be seen that when the " " button is pressed on the CVS package, the M flag becomes "*", indicating that the request is installed, and the categm is moved to the next software. The package is above to operate other packages. If you just want to install the CVS package, you can press the Enter key directly, appear as follows: Do you know how to answer this question? ^ _ ^. Of course, multiple packages can be installed once again. 4.2.3 There is a problem! The installation process of the package is normal. For example, the association package is not installed, the conflict between the package, etc. For example, when installing the boot-floopies package, when you choose (" " button), the following interface appears: If you are in this case, you will read it carefully. Otherwise, simply press the Space key to exit help. The big idea of the above picture is that you choose a package that you need to install other dependencies or conflicts with other packages. After exiting this prompt interface, a list of dependencies or conflict packages are displayed. In the lower half of the list window, the package is given, and the upper half of the list window is the DSELECT recommembered or conflict package installation method. If you agree to DSELECT installation suggestions, press Enter directly The key is OK. Otherwise, you can:
View and correct the installation mode of the package one by one, and try to press the Enter key to start installing. Press the "X" to discard the installation of the selected package and return to the main interface. This means that DSELECT will restore the installation status of the package to the previous state. Press the "R" button to restore the status before DSELECT. The difference between the X-key is that the X key is also returned to the main interface. Press "DIRECTLY to reject DSELECT recommended installation, only the package you select directly. In other words, all dependencies are not installed, I am afraid it, ^ _ ^. Press the "U" button to restore the DSELECT recommended installation method, no matter what amendment you did. So, although you can reassure DSELECT's recommended installation method, just remember the "U" button, ^ _ ^. Press "Q" (quit) to force installation according to the currently set installation mode. If you are not a DSELECT, you dare? ^ _ ^, Unless you are very familiar with the dependence and conflict of the package. This part of the function is critical, and a lot of confusion can be resolved here, practicing it carefully. In fact, in most cases, accept DSELECT's suggestion, simple carriage return. 4.2.4 Other Tips Use the I key to view the details of the loop view package and simply information. If the introduction part of the package is relatively long, use the D key until all the introductions are read. Use the V key to change the display mode of the package. Use the O key to change the sorting method of the package. 5. Install the package to select the package that needs to be installed, and the following work is more simple. After returning from the SELECT interface to the main interface, the cursor has been automatically moved to the onstall, press the Enter key. DSELECT When you install the package, you often ask some questions to determine how you use the package, so don't go away. Sixth, configure the package in fact, during the installation process, the package has been configured, in this step, then the final configuration, ^ _ ^. Seven, delete unused packages, delete those packages you choose to delete. Eight, exit, complete! It's that simple! right? remember:
Generally I have to completely get down 6 steps provided by DSELECT, don't be lazy. DSELECT is not only available to install a package, but also to delete and upgrade packages, is a full range of packages management tools. Of course, if you are familiar with the DEBIAN released package, you can also use DPKG, APT-GET to manage the package. However, DSELECT is more friendly, I hope you can like this debian's big manager! Nine, after the report is a long time for Debian's heart, it is not quiet to look carefully, it is really awkward! This article is written under the road of Debian. It is inevitable that there is inevitable, but also the debian master and heroes! About the author Su Baichen (Linuxman@263.net), graduated from the Shandong Institute of Technology in 1992, graduated from Shanghai Jiaotong University Automation Department, and was a master's degree in Master of Engineering. After touching Linux, you will feel each other, love at first sight, you can't make it. It is mainly to study Linux, Java and its application on Web, especially familiar with ENHYDRA architecture and programming, and intend to have a lot of opportunities and the same.
