System management WHOIS
Function Description: Find and display user information.
Script: WHOIS [account name]
Supplementary Description: The WHOIS instruction will look up and display the user-related information of the specified account, because it is to find the WHOIS database of Network Solutions, so the account name must be seized above, and the name does not have case difference.
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Whoami
Function Description: It seems that the user name.
Language: whoami [--help] [- version]
Supplementary Description: Show your own user name, this instruction is equivalent to executing the "ID -UN" instruction.
Parameters: - Help online help. --Version displays version information.
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WHO
Function Description: Displays user information currently logged in the system.
Language: WHO [-HimqSW] [- Help] [- Version] [AM I] [Record File]
Supplementary Description: Executing this instruction can be learned that there are currently those user login systems that separate the WHO instructions will list the login account, the terminal used, login time, and where to log in or which X display is being used.
Parameters: -H or --Heading Displays the title information column of each column. -i or -u or -idle displays the idle time, if the user has any action within the previous minute, will be indicated ".", if the user has more than 24 hours, there is no action, then indicate " OLD "string. -M The effect of this parameter is the same as the specified "AM I" string. -Q or --count only shows the login system account name and total number of people. -S This parameter will ignore the processes that are not processed, only responsible for resolving other versions of the WHO directive. -W or -t or --mesg or --Message or --Writable Displays the user's information status bar. --Help online help. --Version displays version information.
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w
Function Description: Displays user information currently logged in the system.
Syndrome: w [-fhlsuv] [User Name]
Supplementary Description: Executing this directive can learn that users of the current login system have those people, and the programs they are performing. Alone the W command displays all users, you can also specify the user name, only the information about a user is displayed.
The parameter: -f is turned on or off Displays where the user logs in the system. -H does not display the title information column of each field. -L uses a list of detailed formats, this is a preset value. -S uses a list of simple formats without displaying the CPU time consumed by the user login time, the terminal stage job and the program. -U ignores the name of the executing program and the information of the CPU time. -V Displays version information.
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Vlock (Virtual Console Lock)
Function Description: Lock the virtual terminal.
Language: vlock [-chv]
Supplementary Description: Execute the VLOCK instruction to lock the virtual terminal to avoid others.
The parameters: -A or - AlL locks all the terminal phases, if you use this parameter in the terminal of the full screen, the function of switching the terminal with the keyboard is turned off. -C or --current locks the current terminal phase job, this is a preset value. -H or --help online help. -V or --Version displays version information. -------------------------------------------------- --------
Usermod
Function Description: Modify the user account.
Syntax: usermod [-lu] [- c
Supplementary Description: UserMod can be used to modify the settings of the user account.
Parameters: -C
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Userdel
Function Description: Delete the user account.
Syndrome: Userdel [-r] [User Account]
Supplementary Description: Userdel deletes user accounts and related files. If you don't add parameters, only the user account is deleted without deleting the related files.
Parameters: -f Deletes the user login directory and all files in the directory.
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Userconf
Function Description: User Account Setup program.
Syntax: UserConf [--addgroup
Supplementary Description: UserConf actually connects to LinuxConf symbols, providing the operation mode of the graphical interface, providing administrators to establish and manage all kinds of accounts. If you do not add any parameters, you will enter the graphical interface.
Number: - ADGROUP
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UserAdd
Function Description: Create a user account.
Syntax: UserAdd [-MMNR] [- C
Parameters: -C
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uname
Function Description: Displays system information.
Syndrome: uname [-amnrsv] [- help] [- Version]
Supplementary Description: Uname can display the information about the computer and the operating system.
Parameters: -a or --all shows all information. -M or -machine displays a computer type. -N or -nodeename is displayed on the host name. -R or -release displays the issuance number of the operating system. -S or --sysname Displays the operating system name. -V Displays the version of the operating system. --Help shows help. --Version displays version information.
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TOP
Function Description: Displayed, manage the program in execution.
Language: TOP [BCIQSS] [D
Supplementary Description: Execute the TOP instruction to display the program currently executed in the system and manage it with a thermal bond by the interactive interface it provides.
Parameters: b Use the batch mode. C When the program is listed, the full instructions of each program are displayed, including information such as the command name, path, and parameters. D
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TLOAD
Function Description: Displays the system load condition.
Skill: TLOAD [-V] [- D
Parameters: -D
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Swatch (Simple Watcher)
Function Description: System Monitor.
Syntax: SWATCH [-A
Supplementary Description: SWATCH can be used to monitor the system record file and perform the specified action when a specific event is found. Swatch monitored events and the actions of the corresponding events are stored in the configuration file of Swatch. The preset profile is the .swatchrc in the root directory. However, in Red Hat Linux's preset user root directory, no .swatchrc configuration file, you can copy the /usr/doc/swatch-2.2/config_files/swatchrc.personal file to the user's root directory, and then modify. The event and execution of the SwatchRC to monitor.
Parameters: -A
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Suspend
Function Description: Pause the SHELL.
Syndrome: Suspend [-f]
Supplementary Description: Suspend is an instruction of the Shell, which is suspended at present. To recover, you must use SigCont information.
Parameters: -f If the SHELL currently executed is the login shell, the Suspend preset cannot suspend this shell. To force the SHELL to be suspended, the -f parameter must be used.
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Sudo
Function Description: Execute instructions in other identities.
Syndo: sudo [-bhhpv] [- s] [- u
Supplementary Description: sudo allows users to perform the specified instructions in other identities, and the preset identity is root. A user who can perform SUDO instructions in / etc / sudoers is set. If its unauthorized user attempts to use sudo, a warning message will be issued to the administrator. When the user uses sudo, you must first enter your password, then there is a 5-minute payment period, and the password must be re-entered. Parameters: -b Execute instructions in the background. -H display help. -H Set the Home environment variable to the HOME environment variable of the new identity. -K End Password's validity period, that is, the password is required when SUDO will be executed next time. -L lists the current user executable instructions that cannot be performed. -P change the prompt symbol of the password. -S Execute the specified shell. -U
Function Description: Change the user identity.
Solution: Su [-flmp] [- Help] [- Version] [-] [- c
Supplementary Description: The SU allows users to temporarily change login identity. You must enter the user account and password you want to change when you change.
Parameters: -C
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SLIPLOGIN
Function Description: Add the SLIP interface to standard input.
Solution: Sliplogin [User Name]
Supplementary Description: Sliplogin can add SLIP interface to standard inputs, turn the connection of the general terminal into a SLIP connection. It is usually available to establish a SLIP server, allowing remote computers to connect to the server in SLIP. Sliplogin is logged to check if there is the same user name in the /etc/slip/slip.hosts file. After checking, SlipLogin calls execution shell script to set an network interface environment such as an IP address, subnet mask. This shell script is usually /etc/slip/slip.login.
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Shutdown
Function Description: System shutdown instructions.
Syntax: Shutdown [-effhknr] [- t second] [Time] [Warning Information]
Supplementary Description: The shutdown instruction can turn off all programs and perform the action of rebooting or shutting down according to the needs of the user.
Parameters: -c When executing the "Shutdown -h 11:50" instruction, you can interrupt the instruction of the shutdown as long as pressing the button. -F is restarted without performing FSCK. The -f is restarted to execute FSCK. -H Put the system. -K just sent information to all users, but not actually shuts down. -N does not call the init program to shut down, but by Shutdown itself. -R shutdown is restarted. -T
Screen
Function Description: Multiple views of the window management program.
Scription: Screen [-amrvx -ls -wipe] [- D
Supplementary description: Screen is a multi-view window management program. The so-called window here refers to a full-screen text mode screen. It is usually possible to use the Screen program only if you log in to the host or using an old-fashioned terminal.
Parameters: -A Adjusts all the windows to the current terminal size. -D
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RWho
Function Description: View system users.
Scription: rwho [-a]
Supplementary Description: The effect of the RWHO directive is similar to the WHO directive, but it displays users of all hosts in the local area. The host must provide the function of the RWHOD resident service, and the RWHO directive can be used.
Parameters: -A Lists all users, including users with idle time more than 1 hour.
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RSH (Remote Shell)
Function Description: The shell of the remote login.
Skill: RSH [-DN] [- l
Supplementary description: RSH provides a user environment, which is the shell, so that the instruction can be executed on the specified remote host.
Parameters: -d uses the Socket level of the tired function. -L
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Rlogin (Remote login)
Function Description: Remote login. Syndrome: Rlogin [-8EL] [- E
Parameters: -8 Allows input 8-bit character data. -E Drafted Character> Setting the detachment character. -E filter is detached from the character. -L User Name> Specifies the user name to be logged to the remote host. -L uses the Litout mode to perform remote login phase operations.
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renice
Function Description: Adjust priority.
Syndrome: renice [priority rating] [- g
Supplementary Description: The renice directive re-adjusts the priority level executed by the program. The preset is to adjust its priority with the program identification code specified, you can also specify the program group or user name to adjust the priority level, and modify all priorities that belong to the program group or user. Level range from -20--19, only system managers can change the priority of other user programs, and only system managers can set negative rating. Parameters: -g
Reboot
Function Description: Replay.
Syndrome: DREBOOT [-DFINW]
Supplementary Description: Execute the Reboot instruction allows the system to stop operating and reboot.
Parameters: -D Do not write data to record files / VAR / TMP / WTMP when you replay. This parameter has the effect of "-n" parameters. -F is forced to reboot, do not call the function of the shutdown instruction. -I Before restarting, turn off all network interfaces. -N re-opening procedure before you have not ended. -W Only test, don't really turn your system, will only write the data of the data of the / var / log directory to the WTMP record file.
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PStree (Process Status Tree)
Function Description: Displays the program with a tree graph.
Language: PStree [-acghlnpuuv] [- H
Supplementary Description: The PStree instruction displays the tree structure with the ASCII character, clearly expressing the interregional relationship between the program. If the program identification code or user name is not specified, the first program when the system is started is considered a base layer, and all the programs after it is displayed. If the user name is specified, it will be used as a base layer with the first program belonging to the user, and then all programs of the user are displayed.
Parameters: -a Displays the full instructions of each program, including paths, parameters, or indications for the resident service. -C does not use a streamlined sign. -G uses the VT100 terminal of the column character. -H lists the tree graphs, specifically indicates the currently executed. -H
PS (Process Status)
Function Description: Reporting procedure status.
Syntax: PS [-AACDefhjlmnvwy] [ACEFGHLNRSSTUVXX] [- c Supplementary Description: PS is an instruction used to report the execution status, you can display unnecessary programs with the KILL instruction. The parameter: -a Displays the program executed under all terminals, except for phase work leaders. A shows all programs under the current terminal, including programs for other users. -A Displays all programs. -C Displays the CLS and PRI fields. C When the program is listed, the true command name of each program is displayed without the indication of the path, parameters, or resident services. -C --Headers Repeat the title column. --Help online help. --Info displays the tired information. --Lines Procinfo (Process Information) Function Description: Displays the system status. Syndrome: procinfo [-ABDDFHIMSSV] [- f Supplementary Description: The Procinfo directive reads related data from the / proc directory, and outputs the data properly to the standard output device. Parameters: -a Displays all information. -B Displays the number of blocks of disk devices, rather than access. -D Display System Information The difference between per second, not the sum of the sum. This parameter must be used with the "-f" parameter using the -D this parameter effect and the specified "-d" parameter, but the information of the memory and exchange file is the sum value. -F enters the interactive operation interface of the full screen. -F -------------------------------------------------- - Nice Function Description: Set priority. Method: Nice [-N Supplementary Description: The NICE instruction can change the priority level of the program execution. Parameters: -N NewGRP Function Description: Log in to another group. Syndrome: Newgrp [Group Name] Supplementary description: NewGRP instructions Similar to the login directive, when it is the same account, another group name, login again. To switch the group using the NewGRP instruction, you must be the user of the group, otherwise you will not be able to log in to the specified group. Single users should be partially affiliated with multiple groups, and they need to be used alternately. If you do not specify a group name, the NewGRP instruction will log in to the user name of the user name. Logrotate Function Description: Manage record files. Syndrody: Logrotate [-? DFV] [- S Supplementary Description: Use the logrotate directive to make you easily manage the record files generated by the system. It provides automatic replacement, compression, deletion, and mailing record files, each recorded files can be set to daily, weekly or monthly, can also be processed immediately when the file is too large. You must edit itself, specify the configuration file, and the preset configuration file is stored in the / etc directory, the file name is logrotate.conf. Parameters: -? Or - help online help. -D or --debug details the instruction execution process, which is easy to troubleshoot or understand the program execution. -F or --force forcibly launching record file maintenance operation, even if the logrotate instruction is not required. -S -------------------------------------------------- -------- Logout Function Description: Exit the system. Language: logout Supplementary Description: logout instruction allows the user to exit the system, its function and the login directive corresponds to each other. -------------------------------------------------- - Logname Function Description: Displays the user name. Language: logname [--help] [- version] Supplementary Description: Execute the logName command, which will display the name of the current user. Parameters: - Help online help. --Vesion displays version information. -------------------------------------------------- -------- login Function Description: Login System. Language: login Supplementary Description: Login Directive allows the user to log in to the system, you can also replace the login at any time via its feature. In the SlackWare release, you can attach the user name to which you want to log in later, which will ask the password directly and wait for the user to enter. When the / etc directory contains files with NOLOGIN, the system only logs in the system, and other users are not allowed to log in. -------------------------------------------------- ----- Lastb Function Description: List the user-related information that the login system failed. Syndb [-adrx] [- f Supplementary Description: Alone Execute the LastB instruction, which reads the file located in / var / log directory, named BTMP, and records the login failed user list of the file content record, all displayed. Parameters: -A Displays the host name or IP address from which to the system is displayed in the last line. -D converts IP addresses to host names. -F -------------------------------------------------- ----- last Function Description: List the information about the user's login system. Language: Last [-adrx] [- f Supplementary Description: Perform the LAST instruction separately, which reads the file located in the / var / log directory, named WTMP, and display all user lists of the login system of the content recorded by the file. Parameters: -A Log in to the host name or IP address from the system, displayed in the last line. -D converts IP addresses to host names. -F -------------------------------------------------- ------- Kill Function Description: Delete programs or work in execution. Skill: Kill [-s Supplementary Description: KILL can send the specified information to the program. The preset information is Sigterm (15) to terminate the specified program. If the program is still unable to terminate, you can use Sigkill (9) information to try to force the program. The number of programs or work can be viewed by PS instructions or JOBS instructions. Parameters: -l -------------------------------------------------- --------- id Function Description: Displays the user's ID and the ID of the group. Syndrome: ID [-ggnru] [- help] [- version] [User Name] Supplementary Description: The ID will display the actual and valid ID of the user and the group. If the two IDs are the same, only the actual ID is displayed. If only the user name is specified, the ID of the current user is displayed. Parameters: -g or --Group Displays the ID of the user belonging to the group. -G or --Groups Displays the ID of the user's attached group. -N or --Name Displays the name of the user, the group, or attached group. -R or -real displays the actual ID. -U or --user displays the user ID. -Help shows help. -Version displays version information. -------------------------------------------------- ------------ Halt Function Description: Turn off the system. Syndrome: Halt [-dfinpw] Supplementary description: HALT will first detect the system's RunLvel. If RunLVEL is 0 or 6, turn off the system, otherwise call ShutDown to turn off the system. Parameters: -D Do not record in WTMP. -F No matter what the current Runlevel is not called Shutdown, it is mandatory shutdown system. -I Before Halt, close all network interfaces. - N Halt Don't perform SYNC first. After -P Halt, execute Poweroff. -W only records in WTMP, not actually ending the system. -------------------------------------------------- ------------ Groupmod (Group Modify) Function Description: Change the group identification code or name. Syndrody: GroupMod [-g Supplementary description: When you need to change the group's identification code or name, you can use the GroupMod instruction to complete this work. Parameters: -g -------------------------------------------------- -------- GroupDel (Group delete) Function Description: Delete the group. Syndrome: GroupDel [Group Name] Supplementary description: When you need to delete the group from the system, you can use the GroupDel directive to complete this work. If some users are included in the group, they must first remove the groups before removing. -------------------------------------------------- ------------ Gitps (GNU Interactive Tools Process Status) Function Description: Reporting procedure status. Solution: gitps [ACEFGJLNRSSTUVWXX] [P Supplementary Description: gitps is the instruction used to report and manage the execution, basically it is reported by the PS command, the management program, can also be interrupted at any time through the gitps instruction, delete unnecessary programs. Because the gitps instruction will perform the PS instruction, the parameters and PS instructions are quite similar. Parameters: a shows all programs under the current terminal, including programs for other users. C When the program is listed, the true command name of each program is displayed without including the path, parameters, or the resident service. E Lists the program, display the environment variables used by each program. F Displays the tree structure and the interregional relationship between the program is displayed with the ASCII character. G Displays all programs under the current terminal, including the group leader. J uses the format of work control to display the program status. L Displays the program status in a slender format. N Use a number to represent the USER and WCHAN fields. P fwhois Function Description: Find and display user information. Script: fwhios [account name] Supplementary Description: The function of this directive is a bit similar to the finger directive, which will look up and display the user-related information of the specified account. The difference is that the FWhois directive is to find the WHOIS database of Network Solutions, which must be registered above to find it, and the name is different. -------------------------------------------------- ---- Free Function Description: Displays the memory status. Syndrome: free [-bkmotv] [- S Supplementary Description: Free instructions displays the usage of memory, including physical memory, virtual exchange file memory, shared memory segment, and buffers used in the system. Parameters: The memory usage is displayed in BYTE. -K displays memory usage in KB. -M Displays memory usage in MB. -O does not display buffer adjustment columns. -S -------------------------------------------------- --- finger Function Description: Find and display user information. Scripting: finger [-lmsp] [account name ...] Supplementary Description: The finger instruction will look for and display the user-related information of the specified account, including the user of the local and remote host, and the account name is not case different. Execute the finger directive separately, which displays the local host's login information of all users, including account names, real names, login terminals, idle time, login time, and address. Parameters: -l Lists the user's account name, real name, user exclusive directory, logging in the shell, login time, transfer address, email status, and plan files and program file content. -M excludes the real name of the search user. -S lists the user's account name, real name, login terminal, idle time, login time, and address and phone. -P lists the user's account name, real name, user exclusive directory, logging in the shell, login time, transfer address, email status, but does not show the user's plan file and program file content. Backup compression zipinfo Function Description: List the compressed file information. Syndrome: Zipinfo [-12HLMMSTTVZ] [Compressed File] [File ...] [- x Supplementary Description: Performing the zipinfo directive to know the details of the ZIP compressed file. Parameters: -1 Only the file name is listed. -2 The effect of this parameter is similar to the specified "-1" parameter, but can be used with "-h", "- t" and "-z" parameters. -H only lists the file name of the compressed file. -L The effect of this parameter is similar to the specified "-m" parameter, but the size of the original file is listed instead of the compression ratio of each file. -M The effect of this parameter is similar to the specified "-s" parameter, but it will list the compression ratio of each file. -M If the content of the information exceeds a picture, information is listed in a similar MORE instruction. -S lists the compressed file content with an effect of performing the "LS -L" instruction. -T only lists the number of files contained in the compressed file, the file size and compression ratio before and after compression. -T will be listed in the order of the date, month, day, hour, minute, and seconds. -V detailed information on each file in the compressed file. -X Does not list information in conformity. -Z If an comment is included in the compressed file, the comment is displayed. ------------------------------------------- zip Function Description: Compressed files. Syntax: zip [-acdffghjjkllmoQRSTUVVWXYZ $] [- B Supplementary Description: ZIP is a wide compression program that separates the compressed file with the ".zip" extension after it is compressed. Parameters: -A Adjusts the executable automatic decompression file. -B unzip Function Description: Unzip ZIP file Method: unzip [-cflptuvz] [- agcjlmnoqsvx] [- p Supplementary description: Unzip is the decompression program of the .zip compressed file. Parameters: -c Displays the result of the decompression to the screen and proper conversion of characters. -F updates an existing file. -L Displays the files included in the compressed file. -P is similar to -c parameters, and the decompressed result is displayed on the screen, but no conversion is performed. -T checks if the compressed file is correct. -U is similar to the -f parameter, but in addition to updating existing files, other files in the compressed file are also encapsulated into the directory. -V execution is to display detailed information. -Z only shows the note text of the compressed file. -A For text files, the necessary character conversion. -B Do not perform character conversion for text files. The file name in the -c compressed file is case sensitive. -J does not process the original directory path in the compressed file. -L changes all file names in the compressed file to lowercase. -M Sends the output to the more program processing. -N Do not override the original file when decompressed. -O Don't have to ask users, and UNZIP is executed to overwrite the original file. -P Unarj Function Description: Unzip the .arj file. Syndrome: UNARJ [ELTX] [. ARJ Compressed File] Supplementary description: UNARJ compresses the compression program of the .arj. Parameters: e decompress the .arj file. L Displays the files contained in the compressed file. T Check that the compressed file is correct. X is decompressed when the original path is retained. ------------------------------------------------ TAPE ARCHIVE Function Description: Backup file. Syntax: TAR [-ABCDGGHIKLMMOOPPRSSTUUVWWXZZ] [- b Parameters: -a or - Catenate adds warmth to existing backup files. -B -X or-exclude-from = Specify an emoticon file, contains one or more template statter, allowing AR to eliminate files that meet the settings. -Z or - gzip or --ungzip processes the backup file through the Gzip instruction. -Z or --compress or --uncompress processes the backup file via the Compress command. - RESTORE Function Description: Restore (RESTORE) is backed up by the dump (DUMP) or the entire file system (a partition). Syntax: restore [-ccvy] [- B Parameters: -b LHA Function Description: Compressed or decompressed files. Syntax: LHA [-ACDFGLMNPQTUVX] [- a <0/1/2> / u] [- d] [- i] [- o] [- w = Supplementary Description: LHA is a compression program evolved from Lharc. After it is compressed by it, it will additionally generate a compressed file with the ".lzh" extension. Parameters: -a or A compressed files and add it to the compressed file. -A <0/1/2> / U compresses files, using different file headers. -C or C compressed file, after rebuilding new compressed files, add it. -D or D deletes the specified file from the compressed file. -D or D compress file, then add, restructuring, update compressed files or delete the original file, that is, move the file into the compressed file. -E or e underssence the compressed file. -F or F enforcement LHA commands, and then override existing files directly without querying. -G or g uses universal compression formats to facilitate resolution of compatibility. -I or i unstart the compressed file, ignore the file path saved within the compressed file, directly decompressed, stored in the current directory or the specified directory. -L or L lists information about the compressed file. -M or m The effect of this parameter is the same as the "-ad" parameter. -N or n does not perform instructions, only listed actual executions. -O or o uses Lharc compatibility formats to add compressed files to and update compressed files. -P or P Output from the compressed file to the standard output device. -Q or Q does not display the instruction execution process. -T or t is checked if each file in the backup file is correct. -U or u Replace newer files into the compressed file. -U or u uses a different file header when file compression, and then updates to the compressed file. -V or v detailed list of information related to compressed files. -W = Function Description: Compressed files. Syntax: gzip [-acdfhllnnnnqrtvv] [- S Supplementary Description: Gzip is a wide compression program that will be ".gz" extension after the file is compressed by it. Parameters: -A or --ASCII uses ASCII text mode. -C or --stdout or --to-stdout outputs the compressed file to the standard output device and does not go to the original file. -D or - Decompress or - uncompress unconfigure the compressed file. -F or --force forced compression file. Whether the file name or hard connection exists and whether the file is a symbolic connection. -H or --help online help. -L or --List lists information about compressed files. -L or -License displays version and copyright information. -N or - NO-NAME compresses files, does not save the original file name and timestamp. -N or --NAME When compressed file, save the original file name and timestamp. -Q or --quiet does not display warning information. -R or -recurs recursive process, process all files and subdirectories in the specified directory and subdirectory. -S GZEXE (Gzip Executable) Function Description: Compressed execution file. Syndrome: gzexe [-d] [execution file ...] Supplementary description: gzexe is a program used to compress execution files. When you perform a compressed execution file, the file will automatically decompressed and continue to perform, and use the general execution file. Parameters: -d Unconverts the compressed file. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Gunzip (GNU UNZIP) Function Description: Unzip files. Syndrody: gunzip [-acfhllnnnqrtvv] [- s Supplementary Description: Gunzip is a widely used decompression program that is used to unwind files that are compressed by Gzip, and these compressed files preset the final extension ".gz". In fact, Gunzip is a hard connection of GZIP, so it can be done separately by Gzip instructions whether it is compressed or decompressed. Parameters: -A or --ASCII uses ASCII text mode. -C or --stdout or - TO-stdout outputs the decompressed file to the standard output device. -F or -force forcibly unlocking the compressed file, ignoring whether the file name or hard connection exists and whether the file is a symbolic connection. -H or --help online help. -L or --List lists information about compressed files. -L or -License displays version and copyright information. When the -n or - no-name is decompressed, if the file name and timestamp in the compressed file, it is ignored to ignore it. -N or --NAME is decompressed, if the compressed file contains the original file name and timestamp, return it to the unlocked file. -Q or --quiet does not display warning information. -R or -recurs recursive process, process all files and subdirectories in the specified directory and subdirectory. -S DUMP Function Description: Backup file system. Syntax: Dump [-CNU] [- 0123456789] [- B Supplementary Description: DUMP is a backup tool program that backed up the directory or entire file system to a specified device, or back up into a big file. Parameters: -0123456789 Backup level. -B ---------------------------------------------- CPIO (Copy In / OUT) Function Description: Backup file. Syntax: CPIO [-0aabcklovv] [- C ] [- F Numerals: -0 or - Null Accepts a new column control character, usually use the "-print0" parameter of the Find instruction. -A or --Reset-Access-Time Re-sets the access time of the file. -A or --append is attached to an existing backup, and this backup file must be stored on disk without placing in a tape drive. -B or - SWAP The effect of this parameter is the same as the "-ss" parameter. -B changes the size of the entered / output to 5210 BYTES. -C uses old ASCII backup formats. -C When the -v or -dot executes the instruction, add "." -Block-size = Compress Function Description: Compressed or decompressed files. Syndrome: Compress [-CDFRVV] [- B Supplementary description: Compress is a historic compression program. After the file is compressed, the name will be ".z" extension. The uncompress directive can be performed when you want to decompress. In fact, Uncompress is a symbolic connection to the Compress, so it can be done separately by the Compress instruction, whether it is compressed or decompressed. Numeral: -b ----------------------------------------- Bzip2Recover Function Description: It is used to repair damaged .bz2 files. Syndrome: BZip2Recover [.bz2 Compressed File] Supplementary Description: BZIP2 is compressed in blocks, each block being regarded as an independent unit. Therefore, when a block is damaged, Bzip2Recover can be utilized, and the blocks in the file are separated to unpack the normal block. Usually only applicable to the case of compressed files. ---------------------------------------- BZIP2 Function Description: The compression program of .bz2 file. Syndrome: Bzip2 [-CDFHKLSTVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVZ] [- repetitive-best] [- repetitive-fast] [- compression level] [To compress file] Supplementary description: BZIP2 adopts a new compression algorithm, compression effect is better than the traditional LZ77 / LZ78 compression algorithm. If no parameters are added, BZIP2 generates .bz2 compressed files and deletes the original file. Parameters: -c or --stdout sends compressed and decompressed results to standard output. -D or - Decompress performs decompression. -F or --force bzip2 When compressed or decompressed, if the output file is the same name with the existing file, the preset does not overwrite the existing file. To overwrite, use this parameter. -H or --help displays help. -K or --keep bzip2 After compression or decompression, the original file will be deleted. To keep the original file, use this parameter. -S or --small reduces the amount of memory during program execution. -T or --Test test.BZ2 compressed file integrity. -V or --verbose compresses or decompressed files, displaying detailed information. -Z or --compress enforces compression. -L, - license, -v or --Version displays version information. --Repetitive-Best If there is a repeated data in the file, this parameter can be utilized to improve the compression effect. - REPETITIVE-FAST If you have repeated data in the file, you can use this parameter to speed up the execution speed. - The block size when the compression level is compressed. ------------------------------------------ Bunzip2 Function Description: The decompression program for .bz2 file. Syndrome: Bunzip2 [-fklsvv] [. BZ2 Compressed File] Supplementary description: bunzip2 can decompress the compressed file in the .bz2 format. Bunzip2 is actually the symbolic connection of BZIP2, and executes Bunzip2 and BZIP2 -D. When the parameters: -f or --force is decompressed, if the output file is as the existing file as the existing file, the preset does not overwrite the existing file. To overwrite, use this parameter. -K or --keep After decompression, the preset will delete the original compressed file. To keep the compressed file, use this parameter. -S or --small reduces program execution, memory usage. -V or -verbose decompress files, display detailed information. -L, - license, -v or --Version displays version information. ------------------------------------------------- Ar Function Description: Establish or modify the backup file, or extract files from the backup file. Syndrome: Ar [-dmpqrtx] [cfossuvv] [A Supplementary Description: AR Lets you set a lot of files to become a single backup file. In the backup file, all member files all keep the original properties and permissions. Parameters: Instruction Parameter -D Deletes member files in the backup file. -M change the order of the member file in the backup file. -P Displays the contents of the member file in the backup file. -Q will ask your family to attach the end of the backup file. -R Inserts files into the backup file. -T Displays the files contained in the backup file. -X Remove member files in your own storage file. Option Parameters A Network communication YTALK Function Description: Talk to other users. Symp: Ytalk [-isxy] [- h Supplementary Description: With the YTALK directive, you can talk to other subscriber lines, if you want to talk to other hosts, add your host name or IP address after the user name. Number: -H -------------------------------------------------- - Write Function Description: Transfer information. Syndrome: WRITE [User Name] [Terminal Number] Supplementary Description: Pass the information to another login system via the WRITE instruction. When the input is completed, type the EOF indicate that the information is ended, the Write instruction will pass the information to the other party. If the user receiving information is not only logged to the local host once, you can specify the terminal number of the received information. -------------------------------------------------- ------------ Wall (Write All) Function Description: Transfer information. Syndrome: Wall [Announcement Information] Supplementary description: The information can be sent to each end-machine user that agrees to receive public information via the WALL instruction. If there is no information content, the WALL instruction reads the data from the standard input device, and then transmits the resulting data to All terminal users. -------------------------------------------------- ----- UUX Function Description: Execute instructions on the remote UUCP host. Syndrome: UUX [-bccijlnrvz] [- a
Supplementary Description: UUX can execute instructions on the remote UUCP host or execute instructions on this unit, but the remote computer will be used when executed.
Parameters: - or -p or --stdin directly from the keyboard to execute the instructions to perform. -A
or --Requestor performs a mail address to send status information. -B or --rturn-stdin displays status information on the screen. -C or --Nocopy does not have to copy files to buffers. -C or - copy copies the file to the buffer. -G------------------------------------------------
Uustat
Function Description: Displays the current situation of uucp. Syntax: uustat [-aeikmmnpqqqrv] [- b
Supplementary Description: After executing UUCP and UUX instructions, the work will be sent to the queue, and then do it by UUCICO. UUSTAT can display, delete or launch the work waiting for execution in the queue.
The parameters: -a or -all displays all UUCP work. -B
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Uuname
Function Description: Displays all UUCP remote hosts.
Syndrome: UUNAME [-ALV] [- i
Supplementary Description: UUNAME shows the UUCP remote host.
Parameters: -a or --aliases displays an alias. -I
------------------------------------------------- UULOG
Function Description: Displays a UUCP log file.
Syntax: uulog [-dfisv] [-
Supplementary description: uulog can be used to display the record in the UUCP record file.
Parameters: -d or --debuglog displays a miscible record. -F
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TTY (TELETYPEWRITER)
Function Description: Displays the file name of the terminal connection standard input device.
Syndrome: Tty [-s] [- Help] [- Version]
Supplementary Description: In the Linux operating system, all peripherals have their names and code, which are stored in the / dev directory in the type of special file. You can perform the TTY instruction query the file name of the terminal currently used.
Parameters: -s or - Silent or --quiet does not display any information, only back the status code. --Help online help. --Version displays version information.
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Traceroute
Function Description: Displays the path to the host between the host.
Syntax: Traceroute [-dflnrvx] [- f
Supplementary Description: Traceroute instruction allows you to track the routing path of the network packet, the preset packet size is 40Bytes, and the user can set other.
Parameters: -d uses the Socket level of the tired function. -F
TestParm (Test Parameter)
Function Description: Test if the settings of Samba are correct.
Syntax: TestParm [-s] [Profile] [
Supplementary Description: Execute the TestParm instruction to simply test the Samba profile, if the test result is correct, the Samba resident service can load the setting value correctly, but does not guarantee that the following operations are expected to be normal.
Parameters: -s Does not display the prompt symbol Wait for the user to press the Enter key, list the Samba service definition information directly.
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Telnet
Function Description: Remote login.
Syntax: Telnet [-8acdeffklrx] [- B
Supplementary Description: Execute the Telnet instruction to turn on the terminal phase job and log in to the remote host.
Parameters: -8 Allows 8-bit character materials, including input and output. -A Attempts to log in to the remote system. -B
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TCPDUMP
Function Description: Dump network transmission data.
Syntax: tcpdump [-adeflnnopqstvx] [- c
Parameters: -a Attempts to convert networks and broadcast addresses into names. -C
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Talk
Function Description: Talk to other users.
Syndrome: Talk [User Name] [Terminal Number]
Supplementary description: With the Talk instruction, you can talk to another user line.
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StatSerial (Status Ofser Port)
Function Description: Displays the serial port status.
Scripting: STATSERIAL [-DNX] [Serial Equipment Name]
Supplementary description: Statserial can display the status of each pin, often used to determine whether the serial port is normal.
The parameter: -d represents the state of the serial port at 10 credit. -N only shows the status of a serial port, that is, the program is ended. -X is similar to the -n parameter, but is represented by 16.
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SMBD (Samba daemon)
Function Description: Samba server program.
Syntax: SMBD [-adhop] [- D
Supplementary Description: SMBD is the Samba server program, shared files with network resources such as the printer for Windows-related user-end program access.
Parameters: -A All connection records will be added to the record file. -D
SMBCLIENT (Samba Client)
Function Description: Users to access the SMB / CIFS server.
Syntax: SMBClient [Network Resources] [Password] [- EHLN] [- B] [- D
Supplementary Description: SMB and CIFS are server communication protocols, commonly used in Windows95 / 98 / NT and other systems. SMBCLIENT allows Linux systems to access resources shared by Windows systems.
Parameters: [Network Resources] [Network Resources] Format is // Server Name / Resource Sharing Name. [Password] Enter the password required to access network resources. -B Transport the IP address used when the broadcast packet is transmitted. -D
Shapecfg (Shaper Configuration)
Function Description: Control the traffic of network devices.
Syntax: Shapecfg Attach [Traffic Controller] [Network Equipment] or Shapecfg Speed [Traffic Controller] [Bandwidth]
Supplementary Description: Starting from Linux-2.15, the function of traffic control is supported.
Parameters: ATTACH combines the flow controller with the actual network device. Speed Sets the external transmission bandwidth of the flow controller.
Setserial
Function Description: Set or display the information about the serial port.
Solution: setserial [-abggqvvvv] [Equipment] [Serial Parameter]
Supplementary description: setserial can be used to set the serial port or display the current settings.
Parameters: -a Displays the details. -B Displays the summary information. -G Displays information about serial port. -G Displays information in the format of the instruction list. -Q shows less information. More information is displayed when the -V is executed. -V Displays version information. The -z is set to zero all markers before. -------------------------------------------------- ------------
Samba
Function Description: Samba Server Control.
Script: Samba [start] [stop] [status] [Restart]
Supplementary Description: Samba is Script file, can start, stop Samba servers, or return current status.
Parameters: Start Launches the service of the Samba server. STOP stops the service of the Samba server. Status displays the current status of the Samba server. RESTART restarts the Samba server.
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PPPStats (Point to Point Protocol Status)
Function Description: Displays the PPP connection status.
Syndrome: PPPStats [-adrv] [- c
Supplementary Description: Use the PPPStats instruction to let you know about the PPP connection network.
Parameters: -a Displays absolute statistics. -C
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Pppsetup
Function Description: Set the PPP connection.
Skill: PPPSetup
Supplementary description: This is the SLACKWARE release program, which has an interactive question and answer interface that allows users to easily complete PPP connection settings.
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PPP-OFF
Function Description: Turn off the PPP connection.
Language: PPP-OF
Supplementary description: This is the program attached to the Slackware release, allowing users to cut off the PPP network connection.
--------------------------------------------------
ping
Function Description: Detect the host.
Syntax: ping [-dfnqrrv] [- c
Supplementary Description: Executing the PING instruction will use the ICMP transfer protocol to issue information requested. If there is no problem with the network function of the remote host, it will be informed that the host is working properly.
Parameters: -d uses the SOCKET's SO_DEBUG function. -C
Netstat
Function Description: Displays the network status.
Solution: NetStat [-accefghilmnnoprstuvvwx] [- A
Supplementary description: Use the NetStat instruction to let you know the network of the entire Linux system.
Parameters: -a or --all Displays the socket in all connectors. -A
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MINGETTY
Function Description: Lite the version of Getty.
Syndrome: MINGETTY [--long-hostname] [- Noclear] [TTY]
Supplementary Description: MINGETTY is suitable for login programs on this unit.
Measure: --long-hostname shows the full host name. - Noclear Do not clear the screen picture before asking the login user name.
-----------------------------------------------
Mesg
Function Description: Sets the write permission of the terminal.
Method: MESG [NY]
Supplementary Description: When the MESG is set y, other users can use the Write instruction to display the information directly on your screen.
Parameters: n Does not allow the pneumatic user to display the information directly on your screen. Y allows the pneumatic user to display the information directly on your screen. -------------------------------------------------
Ifconfig
Function Description: Display or set a network device.
Syntax: ifconfig [network device] [DOWN UP -ALLMULTI -ARP -PROMISC] [Add
] [DEL ] [Supplementary description: ifconfig sets the status of the network device, or displays the current settings.
Number: Add
Set the IP address of the network device IPv6. DEL Deletes the IP address of the network device IPv6. DOWN Turns off the specified network device.-------------------------------------------------- -----
HTTPD (http daemon)
Function Description: Apache HTTP server program.
Method: httpd [-hllstvvx] [- C] [- C] [- D
Supplementary description: httpd is the Apache HTTP server program. Direct execution programs can boot server service.
Parameters: -c Before reading the configuration file, execute the instructions in the option. -C After reading the configuration file, execute the instructions in the option. -D
-------------------------------------------
GetTy (get teleTypewriter)
Function Description: Sets the termination mode, connection rate, and control lines.
Syntax: getty [-h] [- D
Parameters: -C
------------------------------------------------
EFAX
Function Description: Transceive and receiving fax.
Syntax: efax [-sw] [- a] [- c
Supplementary description: Support Class 1 and Class 2 modem to send and receive faxes.
The parameters: -a answers the call at the specified AT command. -C
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NetConfig
Function Description: Set the network environment.
Language: NetConfig
Supplementary description: This is the SLACKWARE release program, which has an interactive question and answer interface that allows users to easily complete the settings of the network environment.
--------------------------------------------
NetConf
Function Description: Set various network functions.
Method: NetConf
Supplementary Description: NetConf is the RED Hat Linux release specifically used to adjust the Linux settings.
---------------------------------------- NC
Function Description: Set the router.
Syntax: nc [-hlnruz] [- g
Supplementary Description: Perform this instruction to set the relevant parameters of the router.
Numeral: -g
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Cu (CALL UP)
Function Description: Connect another system host.
Syntax: cu [dehnotv] [- a
Supplementary description: This instruction can connect another host and use the interface similar to the dialed terminal, and the easy file transmission job can also be performed.
Parameters: -A
arpwatch (arp watcher)
Function Description: Listen to the record of ARP on the network.
Syllam: arpwatch [-d] [- f
Supplementary description: ARP (Address Resolution Protocol is used to parse the protocol of the IP and network device hardware addresses. ARPWATCH can listen to the ARP packets in the area network and record them, while the change will be reported to report by e-mail.
Parameters: -d starts the miscarriage mode. -F
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ApacheCTL (Apache Control Interface)
Function Description: The program that can be used to control the Apache HTTP server.
Syntax: Apachectl [configtest] [FullStatus] [GRACEful] [Help] [Restart] [start] [status] [stop]
Supplementary Description: Apachectl is the Script file attached to the Apache HTTP server in Slackware, which is available for the administrator control server, but in other Linux Apache HTTP servers do not have this file.
Parameters: Configtest Check that the syntax in the settings file is correct. FullStatus displays status information for the server. Graceful restarts the Apache server, but does not interrupt the original connection. Help shows help information. Restart restarts the Apache server. Start launches the Apache server. Status Displays status information for server summary. STOP stops the Apache server.
-------------------------------------------------- -minicom
Function Description: Modem Communication Procedure.
Method: Minicom [-8lmmostz] [- A] [- C] [- C
Supplementary Description: Minicom is a fairly popular PPP dialing program.
Parameters: -8 Do not modify any 8-bit encoded characters. -A Sets the terminal machine properties. -C Set color mode. -C
---------------------------------------------
DIP
Function Description: IP dial-up connection.
Syndrome: Dip [-Aikltv] [- M] [- P
Supplementary Description: DIP controls the modem to establish an external two-way connection in a dial IP.
Parameters: -a Ask the user name and password. -I starts the dial-up server function. -K Deletes the DIP program in the execution. -L Specifies the connection to be deleted, must be used with the -k parameter. -M Sets the maximum transmission unit, the preset value is 296. -P
-------------------------------------------------- -
DNSCONF (DNS Configurator)
Function Description: Set the DNS server configuration.
Syntax: DNSCONF [- Deldomain
Supplementary Description: DNSCONF actually connects to LinuxConf symbols, providing an operational way of graphics cross section for administrators to manage DNS servers.
Parameters: - DELDOMAIN
