I saw a presentation today.
Hard disk working principle and damage reason, how to set up the system to reduce frequent
Read and write, it will damage the hard disk.
Original address:
Http://blog.9cbs.net/uiiang/archive/2004/10/19/143302.aspx
It feels really professional, long-term knowledge. Different retro. Be sure to remember, so there is something, you can talk. These Dongdong have persuasive and professional.
Today, I just served as broadband, I finally downloaded the big capacity software, usually like to watch cartoons. I have never used BT download. Just an Internet will find a classmate asked, I went to greedde. I heard that BT download will harm the hard drive, so I have a friend who has found 9cs. The following information is a friend on 9CBS gives me, copyright is not me. The front of the article is some explanations for hard disk working principles and damage caused, and finally how to set up the system to reduce damage in this regard.
Why do frequent reading and writing will damage the hard drive? Head life is limited, frequent reading and writing will speed up the wear of the magnetic head arm and the head motor, frequent reading and writing disks will increase the temperature in this area, which will affect the stability of the zone magnetic medium. Reading and writing errors, high temperatures also make the zone caused by thermal expansion of the magnetic head and the disc surface (under normal circumstances, only a few microns of microns, closer to it, and also affect the thin film magnetic head The data read sensitivity will change the clock radio frequency of the crystal oscillator, and the hard disk circuit component is faulty. There are also many tasks that will also be guided to the IDE hard drive, because the IDE hard disk itself is insufficient, too many task requests will cause the false failure rate to rise to the head frequent reset (reset is the magnetic head reply to 0 tracks to re-seek Accelerated magnetic head arm and head motor wear.
Let me talk about the hard disk of modern hard disk, whether it is IDE or SCSI, all of which are "Warcome" technology, all of which are characterized by: 1. Heads, discs and motion mechanisms are sealed. 2. The surface of the plated plated plate sheet fixed and the high speed rotating is smooth. 3. The magnetic head is moved radially along the disk. 4. The magnetic head is turned to the disc contact, but the flight state is not in direct contact with the disc. Plate: The hard disk disc is attached to the surface of the magnetic powder on the aluminum alloy (new material also useful glass) disc. These magnetic powder is divided into several concentric circles called the track, and on each concentric circle It seems that there are countless small magnets that represent the status of 0 and 1, respectively. When these small magnets are affected by the magnetic force from the magnetic head, the direction of its arrangement will change. Some small magnets specified by magnetic control of the magnetic head so that each small magnet can be used to store information. Disc: The tray of the hard disk is composed of a plurality of discs, which are overlapped in a sealed box, and they rotate at a very high speed under the drive of the spindle motor, and their speed is 3600, 4500. 5400, 7200 or even above. Code: The magnetic head of the hard disk is used to read or modify the state of magnetic substance on the disc, which generally says that each magnetic surface will have a magnetic head, from the top, start numbers from 0. When the magnetic head is stopped, it is in contact with the disk, but is a flight state when working. The magnetic head is taken in a manner in which the tray is stored, the landing area does not store any data, and the magnetic head is started and stops in this area, and there is no problem with any data. When reading data, the disc is rotated at high speed, and since a delicate aerodynamic design is taken on the magnetic head motion, the magnetic head is in the "flight state" of 0.2 - 0.5 microns height from the disk surface data area. It is neither a wear with a disk, and it is reliable to read data. Motor: The motor in the hard disk is a brushless motor, which is small under high speed bearing support, and it can work for a long time. High-speed rotating tray produces a significant gyro effect, so the hard drive in the work should not move, otherwise the workload of the bearing will be increased. The search feed motor of the hard disk magnetic head is multi-voal rotation or linear motion step motor, and accurately track the track of the disk under the adjustment of the feed trace, so do not have a hit collision when the hard disk is working, and when moving Be careful. The principle said that everyone understands? First, the magnetic head and the data area will not have contact, so there is no problem with wear. Second, a boot hard disk is in a rotational state, the rotation of the spindle motor can reach 4,500 or 7200 revolutions, this is not related to whether you use flashget or ED, as long as one is powered, they are also turning. Their wear also and software Not related. Again, the movement of the magnetic head under the motor control is moved back and forth, and the amplitude is small, starting from the innermost layer of the disc (landing area), slowly moving to the outermost layer, slowly move back, A track is reached to another track to find data. There will be no big-scale jump (no frog). So it is also negligible. So, how is the heat? The first is the spindle motor and the rotation of the motor, the temperature of the hard disk is mainly because of this. Second, the friction between the high-speed rotating disk and the air. This is also the main factor.
And the hard disk reading and writing? ? ? Unfortunately, its heat generation can be ignored! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! The hard disk read operation is that the change in the magnetic field on the disc affects the resistance value of the head. The disk does not heat it in this process, and the magnetic head is because the current changes, so there will be a little heat generation. Write an operation? In just over, the current intensity of the magnetic head continues to change, affecting the magnetic field on the disc, this process is due to the use of electromagnetic induction, so the magnetic head is large. However, the disc itself does not heat because the permanent magnet on the disc is cold, and it does not heat due to the change of the magnetic field. However, in general, the heat of the magnetic head and two of the front, it is a little witch. Heat is irradiated, so high calories do not hurt the permanent magnets on the disc? In fact, the damage is small, the temperature of the permanent magnet is much higher than the temperature generated under normal conditions of the hard disk. Of course, if your chassis is dissatisfied, you can't blame others.
I have to say some of someone here: one. High temperature is a sensitivity of resistance sensitivity affecting the magnetic head, so it will generate read and write errors, and there is no relationship with the permanent magnet. two. The so-called thermal expansion does not draw the distance from the disk and the magnetic head, since the flight of the magnetic head is the air kinetic principle, and it is always at a certain distance in normal case. Of course, if you strike hard drives, then this vibrates. . . . . three. The so-called seend means that the hard disk moves from the initial position to the specified track. The so-called reset action is not often happened. Because the physical location of the track is stored inside CMOS, the hard disk does not need to move back to 0 tracks and then start again. As long as the head is started, the so-called reset action is completed, unless you restart your computer, or the reset action will not happen again. four. The disk structure of the IDE hard drive and SCSI hard drive is similar. Just the interface bandwidth of the SCSI hard drive is larger than the IDE hard drive of the same era, and often there will be a CPU's usage with a CPU. This is only, so Seagate will use its SCSI hard disk technology on the IDE hard drive. Fives. The hard disk read and write is in units of columnar sectors. The cylinder is also the same concentric track of all the magnetic surfaces in the entire disc, and divides each track into several zones, which is the so-called sector. The write operation of the hard disk is to first write a sector, and then write the next sector of the same cylinder. Before a cylinder is completely filled, the head does not move on another track. So the storage of files on the hard disk is not a consequently stored consideration, which is continuously stored (from the user to look at it, but from the bottom floor of the operating system, it is not continuous). So flash Get or ED has opened more threads, and the magnetic head of the magnetic head will not listen to the songs while playing games. Of course, this situation is just simple downloads or uploads, but in this process, who can ensure that they will not start other software that need to read and write hard drives? Maybe many people like to download the game or listen to the song? Moreover, Windows itself needs to read and write virtual memory files frequently. Therefore, downloading with FG is also good, ED is also good, it will not be too powerful than the hand of the hard disk. six. Let's talk about why FlashGet will open too many threads. Whether ED is frequent in hard disk read and write. First of all, there are more threads, the CPU's occupancy is high, and the switching action is frequent, so that the virtual memory read and write frequently, as for how to learn the operating system principle, I will not say it here. ED? At the same time, download a file from a few people, and several people are downloading your files while downloading your files, which is similar to the thread. So the hard disk light flashes. However, now the hard disk is cache, the data is not written to the hard disk immediately, but is stored in the cache, and then write to a hard disk once again. How to set it in the FG, actually to write the cache first. But this process is also a CPU intervention, so the setting time is too short, the CPU usage is also high, so the hard disk light is also flashing because the virtual file is read.
Seven. The hard disk is frequent, the magnetic head arm moves frequently under the driving of the servo motor, but the machine is consumed, which is not large. Unless your hard disk itself has mechanical faults such as power arm deformation (the most common fault of parallel goods). Really consuming that the heads, changing currents cause its aging, but compared to its life. . . . . It should also be within reasonable scope. Unless it is vibrating, the magnetic head hits the tray. Eight. The most serious affected by high temperature is the mechanical circuit, especially the board outside the hard disk, which accelerates aging at high temperatures. So IBM's glass hard disk, although there is a bad road, but I will not see it with a software. If you seriously, the shift circuit board is normal. This is this reason. It's too tired to play so many words. In short, the hard disk will affect life because of improper environment, but this is definitely not the fault of software. Flashget is also good, ED is good, ftp is good, although they are frequent for hard drives, but they are not more than you generally playing games. It is more desirable to harm the hard disk. In fact, it can be ignored. Don't think because of the hard disk light, it is worried. Otherwise, those servers who provide web services and FTP services, their hard disk read and write, but they can be played, and the software Hard disk comparable. The hard disk has a parameter called continuous trouble. It refers to the maximum time that the hard disk is running to the failure, and the unit is an hour, English is written in English. The MTBF of the typical hard drive is at least 300,000 or 40000 hours. Specific situations can be seen from the parameters of the hard disk manufacturer. This continuous trouble is time, you can do yourself, see how many years are it. Then everyone think about it, and how long your hard drive usually works for the longest. At present, the machine I use has been turned over in a row, except for a few shutdown in the middle, there is never stopped (using gold 6 generation 40g). There are also three servers using the SCSI hard drive, which is not stopped for two consecutive years, and the hard drive is absolutely non-normal IDE hard drive than (10,000 turned hard drives). In this regard, I think I have a saying.
Finally, add some points: one. The hard disk is best not to buy parallel or return. Parallel goods are very unsafe during transportation, although it seems to have no damage from the surface, but it is possible to cause damage to the mechanical body during transportation due to various factors. Return to repair is more much more. Honestly, those who complain that the hard drive is easy to damage, you should look at it, you should have these goods. two. The hard disk's working environment is a neat, especially when not using hard drives in a frequently powered off and dusty. The chassis should be cleaned up every two months. three. The hard disk is most afraid of vibration and high temperature. Therefore, the environment is better, especially the chassis is strong, so as not to have a lot of earthquake. Don't shake the computer desk. four. Hard disk fragments are often sorted. Here is a misunderstanding of most people, and the general people think that hard disk debris will increase hard drive, which is not like this. The increase in hard disk fragment itself is only more time to read and write more than the fragment. The consumption of the hard disk is negligible (I only say a fact here, the server on the network, they use the most The operating system is UNIX, but under UNIX is no disk defragmentation software. Even Microsoft's NT4 is not there). However, because the magnetic head frequently moves, it is frequent that the CPU's change will be frequent, but causing a virtual file (which is actually an accurate statement here is to change the page and write frequently, thus adding hard disk The load of the head finds. This is the harm of hard disk fragments. Fives. Try to avoid sudden power failure, cold start and other additional CPU loads (such as listening to songs when playing games, or playing large 3D games while downloading), these damage to the hard disk is more than the average people's imagination Big. The reason I won't say it, typing is too tired. In short, as long as you usually pay attention to the hard drive, the hard disk will not be so fast and say Byebye. Of course, if it is the quality of the hard disk itself, then I have nothing to say.
Reduce the hard disk during the "BT" download: 1. Set larger cache value
BT multi-threaded download and upload, Windows default 512KB cache is obviously not enough. If there is 256MB or more, set the cache to some of the frequencies that should be reduced by hard disk read and write. Generally 8 ~ 16MB is best. The author is set to 32MB, and the four BT processes are opened at the same time, and the flashing of the hard disk indicator is still normal. The steps are as follows (Take Windows XP):
Enter "regedit" in "Start → Run", open "Registry Editor", open "HKEY_LOCAL_MACHI
NESYSTEMCURRENTCONTROLSETCONTROLSESSION Manager
"IOPAGELOCK-LIMIT", find "IOPAGELOCK-LIMIT" (now new "IOPAGELOCKLIMR, type DWORD), change its value to new cache value, restart (Note: You must enter a hexadecimal value, 32MB Corresponding to 8000, 16MB 4000. Strongly, back up the registry first).
If it is the Windows NT system, run "regedit.exe" under the "System Disk Winnt" directory, go to the Registry Editor, look up the string "minlnitsize", change the key value by "4" to "20" Hexadecimal number, equivalent to the decimal number 32).
2. Reduce priority
