Unix designer Dennis Ritchie said: "Unix is simple, you don't need to become a genius, you can understand this simple." Because GNU / Linux is too long, if there is no special indication, "Linux" refers to "GNU / Linux. In this era, I am afraid that no one needs me to introduce Linux? If you think "Linux is just something that is almost with DOS", then you are afraid that I haven't seen the day in the cave for a long time? What is the seat of Linux next to you, what is LinUX? Then why do I have to write a such article? Because, many people don't understand Linux and UNIX, although they are also using it, but they sometimes ask: "Why can't Linux can't ...?", "How to redhat Linux can't Mount NTFS partition!" "What is the hard drive in Linux?", "When OpenOffice can be fully compatible with the Word file?", "Now there is any Windows to do things Linux can't do it?" ... they have 40G hard drive, but only for Linux allocates 2G space, sometimes complaining "How to play so much hard!" Seems to be mostly hard drives. They put important data in Windows partitions, seems to be Linux. They always look for novel, good-looking GUI programs, which is not deeply despised. They are very interested in Drag & Drop, menu configuration, and automatic upgrades. If they find a Linux program that is very like a Windows program, they will be very happy to say: "Haha! Linux can also ...!" If Linux wins Windows in some kind of test, they will be happy to jump. They have no way to use Linux to solve the problem, even use Wine to run Windows program. Sometimes there is no way, I have to follow Windows, or simply save trouble, put a VMware virtual a Linux play in Windows. You support Linux, you like Linux, you can feel happiness from it, this is very good. You only need to understand now: Linux has never been a toy, it is the descendant of genius UNIX. UNIX is the greatest invention since the inventions of the transistors. It starts from the birth of the weather than Windows. Linux does not need to catch Windows, do not need to be smashed Microsoft, its ultimate goal is to change the entire computer world, others are free, giving people fun and convenience. Many of the other Unix have been lost under Linux feet, let alone Windows! If you have the above situation, your thoughts have been influenced and misleading of some subtlety of Windows. You have not been able to understand UNIX thinking from this inherently. Unix designer Dennis Ritchie said: "Unix is Simple. It Just Takes a Genius to understand itssimplicity." But I don't think so, because I am not a genius, but I am bravely delete Windows, I will experience it after half a year. Go to UNIX's thoughts and benefits. Because I believe this belief: "Windows can do if Linux can do, and it is better.
"The short of this section should be changed:" Unix is simple, but in this world who reprimanded Windows error concept, you need faith and courage to understand its simple! "I will tell you something I understand. Microsoft's status Microsoft's reputation in Europe and the United States, especially in the computer system, everyone may have earned. I know MIT, STANFORD professor , Bell Laboratory experts, even high school computer teachers in Europe, do not mention Microsoft's name. In their eyes, Microsoft is just a small company with no real technology, which is dedicated to business propaganda and monopoly operations in backward countries. This "Small" is not to say that there are fewer people, less money, but it is less advanced. I have written a algorithm demonstration program last and Wang Yi, which is the invention of a scientist Steven Fortune, Bell Lab. In order to be used by most people around you, we chose VC MFC as a platform. I also got a very enthusiastic encouragement of Fortune when analyzing the algorithm. I sent me a message. I will explain it. Many details. But after the program was completed, I sent the sample to Fortune, and he reply, "Sorry. There is no MFC on the machine. "The words are very polite, but I have already felt that he disdain to Windows. Then I sent the MFC static compilation process. He didn't reply again. He is obviously not looking down, but it is true. You Can you feel this scientist is what attitude towards Microsoft and Windows? It is not a dislike, but he doesn't have Windows at all! Microsoft has no development in high-tech fields, then how do it survive? Go to developing countries to develop Their people have not known to the computer, I can even get into the university's computer system. I sent them software, I donated money to cover the building, I found the Tuling Award winner to speech! Ok, now The national universities include Tsinghua, almost everyone's machine must install the pirated win2000, office XP, school selection system is the non-IE cannot be browsed correctly, the paper uses Word editing, the demonstration is made with PPT, and even the 863 project is written with VC. I have been I used a newspaper before saying that "Microsoft does not crack down on piracy? "This article said that Microsoft does not hit the piracy of China, and there is a trend of letting go to the long line," I want you to double! " "It's so, its purpose is now realized. China computer education underwindows shrouded
If the sentence is shameful, Bill Gates has been my idol before China ... in China, Bill Gatez is made as sacred, "Juvenile Computer Genius", and even some people mention his name "Hold boxes The posture of the day. Many people talk about Microsoft's "new technology", "high-tech" is eyebrow dance. A variety of books such as "VC Programming Bible", "In-depth understanding of Visual C ", will have a very meat word in the beginning, "in the chaotic of the group, a open place, Windows 1.0, born ... "Microsoft's software is used by so many people, then how people use these pirated procedures? First look at the computer training class, you have some DOS commands, typing, windows basic operation, Word document processing, PowerPoint, advanced class may have Excel, Access ... Participate in a variety of Microsoft certification exams, McSe, MSDE people are not Absolutely, the examination counseling class has been posted on the words "280 yuan." The test information is more expensive. Some computer bookstores are all "Microsoft Press". I have a classmate to participate in the certification exam, and each exam is more than 200 yuan, and you have a test, but also pay it again. He later said to me, see me, spend XXXX (a four-digit) yuan to test Microsoft certification, get a certificate of Bill Gates and a certificate of 6,000 yuan in Windows XP internal release. "The computer is working from the doll", let's take a look at what the dolls are learning. After most parents bought a computer, they first installed a pirated Windows, and then bought the pirated game to start playing. If a child will use the Delphi program, it is not. According to the reporter, TV station is reported to report, saying that a certain school's junior high school student is a certain "primary stage" in someone else, and has written procedures with Delphi. The lens also aims at the Bill Gates avatar in his display box! I just entered the University of the University, I don't know what is an operating system because I used to use "China Learning Machine". It is "Windows 95", "VC", "VC", seeing the new enrollment, "VC" ... I simply fell behind for decades, the whole of the past, I can't answer them at all. It's hard to find a more familiar classmate: "What is the martymnasto 95 that is talking about every day?" A: "Win95 is an operating system, it is a class with DOS." "What is the death?" "You even Don't know what it is? Don't be mixed in the computer. "The school is of course not talking about the VC programming, but the teacher of Pascal has said:" Hey, our school is really backward. Now others use c , C , even VC, we are still talking pASCAL. I don't know when I can have a VC class. You have to use VC, I have to learn. "There are many times in class." Windows Programming Encyclopedia, did not listen to classes, and said to me, "The optimization of the code is endless", "Hungarian naming method is a great invention" ... this is the computer system of many China University Case. Feeling ignorance? This is not accidental, but a wishful abacus for a long time.
It is necessary to let the ignorant of ignorance as sacred, it is necessary to support Unix, Xwindow, once said Unix is good, Xwindow is good, it is said to be surrounded by a group of people: "This windows can do", " You have a prejudice for Windows "," Microsoft is the mainstream "," Do you dare to look down from Win2K? "," Net is the world's trend "," Microsoft is a new technology "," there is money is a technology "... It is still necessary to say that there is still a matter of compensation, "Windows is almost in performance, but it is easy to use," Windows is used by ordinary people, "I don't want to be so high", "Microsoft is so rich, I want to exceed UNIX. It is not easy. ? "... Computer Education in developed countries I met a Dane person when I met a question about Scheme language. He solved all my questions and I suggested that I read some "De Olympics" syntax, literary book, and he told me that many websites can learn Lisp, Scheme, artificial intelligence, algorithm. He called me to see Jonathan Rees' papers. He also packaged me to send a MIT's "How to Design Programs". He said that he is loading Linux in his own PC, he uses Emacs to edit and run the Scheme program. His understanding and hobbies for Emacs are surprised. Graduation design made by his University undergraduate is a Scheme interpreter. This is a lint of dust for me. He is so tired, and every question, every question, he has answered in detail. I sometimes feel too detailed, how can I be so patient? I think he seems to be my high school teacher. What kind of people are he? I curiously inquired his situation. It turned out that she is a computer teacher in a normal high school in Denmark! Note that I changed the pronoun! She said that she took the process and algorithm in high school, and analyzed the computer language and literacy. She said that she uses Scheme, her students do not have to worry about the problems of pointer, memory leaks, etc., but focus on issues and algorithms themselves. It is conducive to cultivating students' ability to solve problems, especially the ability to solve mathematics issues with a computer. God! Why do you have so many mostthologists, geometrists? Do you see what others pay attention to! If our computer education continues this, will only walk along the bend!
Microsoft and its friends' wishful abacus
Let's take a look at how Microsoft's income is coming. First, the Windows 98 series operating system, one is more than 100 dollars, each upgrade is almost the same price. Windows NT is more expensive, and there is a number of users limit, 5 users, 10 users ... If you want to increase the user's number, you should pay it. This strange phenomenon is metaphor for General Motors' president: "The Microsoft Cars you bought is only one seat. Every time you add a seat, you have to pay for the car company. Every 100 miles will be repaired once, every year I have to change the engine. "Can I use a lot of money to buy the operating system?" It actually even provides the compressed program! The first thing you are installed after Windows is going to download a WinZip, "as long as $ 29". Windows will be a virus, and it will take $ 70 to buy a Norton Antivirus. Is there a hacker? Buy another Norton Internet Security, $ 100. The system needs to be optimized, the disk needs to be organized, buy a Norton System Works is your best solution, $ 100. But you still can't do it now! Do you want a word, PowerPoint? Then buy a set of office XP, buy cheap together, $ 459.90. Those programs will not be used! How do those menus set, what is the function? Look at "Help" and learn will not. Buy this book to see it, I recommend "Special Edition USING Microsoft Office XP", not expensive, $ 27.99. Most of this book is the screen graphic, or buy an old comparison, $ 17.85. If you are just a secretary, it's almost the same. But you have a higher pursuit, you want to be a Windows programmer. Buy a Visual Studio.net, or how to compile the program. $ 494.95. In order to keep up with Microsoft, the world's trend, can you not register a msdn what? This is worth a little, but worth a value, $ 2,799. Well, you are now the upper class, white-collar workers. You can now live "freedom", "safe" life: What is Windows to do and Linux can't do? "Windows can do things that Linux can't do, that is, there is no need to do things." There is a friend who doesn't use Windows for half a year, sometimes asking me: "You only use Linux, have some Windows can handle things Linux can't do? "I replied:" Windows can do things that Linux can't do, that is, there is no need to do it. "Windows can do the beneficial thing Linux can do some of the features under Windows indeed what we need. Then, Linux developers and users also need this feature, they will implement this feature, and more than Windows. Because most scientists, engineers are all Linux or some commercial UNIX, so almost all commercial scientific engineering programs, such as Matlab, Mathematica, AutoCAD, CANDENCE, SYNOPSYS, Avant! ... all have Unix Version (including Linux), then consider porting to Windows, even simply being planted to Windows, because Windows machine generally does not have enough capacity to run such a program.
Don't think that only Windows has PSPice, UNIX HSPICE is much better, and can run on a large host. Of course they are not free, but they value the price. But there is something that is not very similar under Linux under Windows, or you have a lot of similar things, but each of them is a lot more than the process of Windows, then there are two possibilities: there is a fully similar program, But because it is not beautiful, you are ignored by you. Although other programs seem beautiful, they are written by some beginners. Now due to the birth of GTK , QT, the development of graphical interface procedures under Linux is extremely simple. Many junior high school students can have some beautiful unintrovable procedures. If you look for such a program all day, you can never find you satisfied. I have also made such a mistake, excellent FVWM, LFTP, MUTT, WGET has been ignored! When I found them, I was so ashamed, and they are now my friend. With these programs, you can change everything, I first saw that fvwm felt that it was just a very thick and ugly border. But now, my classmates have seen FVWM: "Wow! It's beautiful." There is another completely different way to achieve the same purpose, even better. Many people are concerned about Open Office, Star Office, AbiWord, ... they hope that one day a Linux program is fully compatible to open a complex DOC document. But you will never have this day. why? Because Microsoft is in order to occupy the market, it will not allow other system procedures to be fully compatible with its document format! It will change the internal structure of the DOC document, hide some secrets, always have some problem when you open the DOC documentation, so you must purchase Microsoft Office and Windows. You should think about it, so many high-level universities, scientists, students, they are all Linux or other types of UNIX, they don't have word available, how to deal with documents? There is no such thing as Open Office, is there any way to write a document? Obviously not this. Look at the high-level academic magazines, papers, those professors from the university, those beautiful PDF slides, what do they do? Original Unix users have a very convenient Troff, Latex, SGML and other things to handle documents, and they have much higher than Word. Word was obviously ignored by these big parts, so that no one wanted to develop a similar Word under Linux, unless certain companies wanted to grab the Microsoft Bowl. Many people staying with Windows on the hard drive is nothing more than Word and PowerPoint. You can take a look at my Tex webpage later, you will know why I can completely leave Windows. WINDOWS can do anything that Linux is not good forever. Some people say that all games you can get under Windows will not be able to play under Linux. Indeed, although there are also a small amount of games under Linux, such as Quake. But it doesn't have Counter Strike, no Star craft, ... is not to say that computer games should not be played, but should be suitable. Computers are used to handle transactions, help you learn, solve problems, not a toy! I am addicted to the computer game all day, and I can't feel out of the world, you will become more cold, more and more lack of people. You are getting farther and farther with the real world.
You can kill people in CS, you can adventure in Tomb Raider, you can even skateboard in Tony Hawk's Pro Skaters ... but it's not real! Although you have a very high "anti-terrorism skill", when you encounter a gangster, you are so embarrassing; you control Laura to reach your hands agility, but how do you always break the ball when you play basketball? Although you can easily make a "360 Kickflip to Hangten Grind to Fakie" in THPS, you will not be Ollie when you step on your own skateboard! Said back, if you don't have a computer game, you can do it. But there are far more than Windows PCs than Windows PC. Sony's PlayStation2, Sega's Dreamcast, N64, Namco's Arcade ... Every one is wonderful than Windows games, each has such a high 3D performance, so that Pentium4, Itanium gforce4 can not be more than to be beautiful! Linux users are concerned about the key issues that solve the world's key issues, where do they have time to play games with their own machines? They use Linux efficiently to make their own work to enjoy naturally go to the sun. To play games, you are also playing some intelligence games like push boxes, greed to eat snakes. So, do you know why linux has almost no game? "Solving hard drives, optimization systems" This is a very interesting topic, second only to topics about "viruses". I believe many of the Windows users have the experience of the hard disk. In many windows users, "hard drives have been for a long time, there will be fragments, speed slow down, need a program to finish, do not do other work when finishing hard drives", which seems to be a natural life. I have also seen Norton Defrag to display my hard disk, adjust, adjust, and report: "100% without fragmentation." I have reached the best state. I only found that I am naive. Linux and UNIX users seem to have never "sorted hard drives"? Do you think it is strange? If you feel very strange, then your thoughts are banned to some extent by Microsoft's garbage programs. You need to understand that many large hosts of UNIX must be 24 hours a day, and the 365 days will continue to work in a year. If you have a hard drive every week, it is hard to do anything when you finish it. Absolutely don't work! The Linux machine does not have to organize the hard disk at all, which is why didn't I see Linux users to organize the hard drive. Linux's file system is better than Windows's FAT, FAT32, NTFS overall file system, but can not only implement full protection, but also "more and more complete", "the more fragments, the less"! You should put most of the files in Linux partitions, not the Windows partition, because it is much more reliable than the Windows partition. There are also more funny things that there are many programs such as "Norton System Doctor", "Windows Optimization Master", "Super Rabbit Registry Magic", and expensive. It seems that an operating system should have a lot of problems, requiring other manufacturers to "optimize" it, and you need to pay! These problems have nothing to do at all, so don't need to optimize. The Linux kernel itself is highly optimized.
Some people have no good IDE development environment in complaining. Linux has some IDEs now, but there are always many problems. Are you looking for, you can have a VC such a development environment in a certain day? Have you found that you are entering Microsoft to give you a strange circle? Why do you have to use IDE? You said: "IDE has developed quickly, conveniently debugged, suitable for large programs ..." The description Microsoft's program has been in your mind, you need to be awake, look at me to tell you. Gao Ming Unix programmers do not have to use IDE, IDE has never been used for primary Windows programmers. Look at large Unix programs, including Linux kernels, various web services, XWindow programs, which one is Ide? There is no one in our laboratory. I also know that the high-performance graphical interface EDA program of CANDENCE, SYNOPSYS, MENTOR is not written by IDE. Do you believe that Microsoft people don't need IDE when writing Windows itself! One magazine interviewed some famous Linux kernel programmers, including Linus, no one used IDE, some people used Vim, some of them used Emacs, only Linus said "GNU Emacs IS Evil", but in fact he used It is a Microemacs with the same key binding function with Emacs. Everyone has edited the program file with the editor, and then call the GCC compiler to complete the compilation work with the automated tool such as Make. I have previously edited Windows programs: applications, drivers. But I didn't use VC's IDE. Linux education me, I will call CL in the command line, I know that the CL is the compiler of the VC. I can use CL in the Makefile of Cygwin. I also know what the parameters of CL are used. But these are not a person who uses IDE from one beginning. I believe: IDE is eviL. I have some friends who write the program with Windows, they have been very proficient to the thing. But I am surprised to discover, they actually divide the concept of compilers and assemblers, and even people have confused "editors" and "compilers"! They only know that I entered the code in a window, click on a button to compile the program, but what is working in this, they don't know! They were covered on the window to block the sight, and even thought that button was the compiler! They are familiar with the pile of the hotkey of those IDE, but I saw them in a function of a function of a function of others into a VC style. Think about how easy this thing is in VIM, you can get it in an instant. Why do UNIX programmers do not use IDE? Understand this truth, you can experience UNIX design ideas. First, an IDE integrates an editor, compiler, assembler, debugger, tracker ... This editor function is definitely more than VIM or EMACS, the compiler is less than GCC, the assembler is not an AS, debugger If you don't get on GDB, DDD, the tracker is less than strace, LTRACE, TRUSS. You get a well-integrated low-energy program. If you are dissatisfied with the function of the debugger, you have to switch another set of IDEs, but this Ide's hotkey, menu, editor feature, buttons ... have a great difference with the original.
You have to spend a lot of time to familiarize yourself with the new environment, and you can't keep some things. And it is different under UNIX. You can use your favorite VIM editor, you can call GNU Make in VIM, Make can call GCC, LD, ... actually make Make can help you. Make's error message can be captured by Vim, Vim can help you locate in the source program. If you like an ICC, you can let Make use ICC instead of GCC. If you feel that the GDB tracking variables are more troublesome, you can use DDD to display the relationship between various data structures. You can also call GDB in Emacs, so you can synchronize the source code. And Vim and Emacs can also edit a lot of other things, such as letters, latex documents, HTML, configuration files ... You don't have to find another editor to do these mixed. Many programs such as MUTT, TIN can be used internally, which is more convenient. Release memory I have done in Windows Mo is "release memory". One day I saw a Windows program: "This program can help you release a lot of memory to a big program." I tried it, actually put my 64M memory release 48M! I am very happy. Now think about it, how stupid thing is, so many memory leave? No need to use it! An operating system actually requires the procedures written by others to release memory, what kind of operating system is it? Use the free command in Linux, you will find that your memory is almost every moment every moment. That is because Linux uses most of the memory as a disk buffer. Linux has advanced disk buffer technology than Windows. Have you found a hard drive to write data? That is because Linux has a lot of disk buffers in memory. You have to write the data on the hard disk first to be written in these memory, then Linux tells you "copy completion", when you want to delete some of the writes When some data, Linux just removes the data from memory, and then reports "Delete Completion". After a certain interval, Linux writes the data back to the hard disk, which is not only efficient, avoiding multiple hard disk operations, but also reduces the discrete of the file, that is, "fragment". Windows is of course disk buffering, but because of its low efficiency of memory management, it does not dare to use large amounts of memory as disk buffering, because it is not capable of receiving memory. There is of course a lot of things that Linux can't do it. Of course, there are many things that have a lot of patents for Linux / UNIX. Because Windows can only be installed on the PC, it seems that there is Alpha before you can use Windows NT, but you have not seen someone. The power of the PC is very low. People who have processed NP-HARD issues like our compilation, using Windows machines are not enough, and sometimes a problem is calculated for a few days or even a few weeks, the Windows machine is known as "crash" How can we rest assured? So almost all scientific computing procedures, EDA programs, high-performance image handles are not Windows. They sometimes transplant some to Windows, but often reduce the ability of those programs. Do you have any difference between MathematicA and Linux? The largest parallel computer manufactured by IBM has more than 8,000 processors. Windows cannot be capable of managing so many processors. What operating system is it used? The answer is Linux.
The three-dimensional animation in the "Titanic" movie is so delicate and realistic. Can the Windows machine do? Not. That is also the Linux machine. The Civil Aviation Administration used virtual reality training equipment for training local accommodation, and Windows certainly could have no power. That is all commercial IRIX machines. UNIX is the first system that supports TCP / IP network protocol. It has a lot of network service programs that can collaborate with each other, and they have reached a relatively perfect extent through many years of use and revision. And in 1997, Microsoft's Bill Gates is still threatening: "The Internet is no future." Microsoft's "Vision" Everyone should have seen it, and it will later add the network service program IIS vulnerability, let The Ministry of Public Security has frequently issued alert. Everyone is also seen. In fact, you know that things that Windows don't have the same thing can be better than Unix. Linux can't do anything that Windows can't do it. Of course, Linux is not universal. It also has something that can't do it, the computer can't do anything. But Linux can't do anything, Windows can't do it. These things are what we need to explore and need to work hard. During your exploration, Linux must be your good partner. What is the true meaning of UNIX?
Let the smart people do anything they want to do. One feature of UNIX is very flexibility, and XWindow also has this flexibility. Where is this flexibility? Unix's procedures generally have a lot of parameters, no matter what you use it now, some people need certain parameters. Many of their behavior can be changed in configuration files. For example, GNU Bash, usually the default command line input method is an EMACS method, but as long as I edit a .inputer file, it can turn it into a VI input method, and I can also bind the key sequence to some operations. I can use Shopt to set it a lot of features, such as whether a wildcard extension can be used as a variable as a directory, can automatically correct some obvious catalog name typing errors ... UNIX programming idea is to provide Give the user "mechanism" without limiting the user to develop "policy". This is an important respect for users. Let's take a look at XWindow. XWindow is an excellent design that separates the display server and the client program. One display can display the programs on this machine or display the X programs on the other machines, and they all comply with the unified command of your window manager, and they can easily transfer scrapbook data, various events. ...... Sometimes I have four different machines on different machines, and GVIM on different machines, ... they are unified by the FVWM command on this machine. The XWindow program has many of the multi-command line parameters and resource parameters. You can settle all colors, fonts, sizes ... and if you import .xdefaults into the root window with XRDB, then there is no configuration in other machines, display you The same appearance is also complied with the same appearance when it is on the machine. XWindow's window has Property, which is some shared data (atom) that can be defined. It is because of these Property existence, making XWindow have incomparable vitality. The X's window manager and other client programs have no unified protocol, but ICCCM (customer program communication specification), this specification is defined by Property. Now some people define a "extended window protocol (EWM Hints" that makes XWindow can have some Windows features, such as a tool program, can tell Window Manager: "The screen is taken by 4 pixels under this screen. Space, don't cross this line when you maximize the program. "A powerful window management program such as FVWM, when it receives this prompt, you can prompt the tool program, or you may not agree. Who is the power of everything? Of course it is a user! Everything is obedient, FVWM gives the user's largest respect. You think about it, is some Windows programs often pop up a window to choose "Yes or NO"? You can't go on it without clicking it. Do you feel that your program is infringing your dignity? You are a person, a wisdom of creatures, how can you receive such a procedure? There is also a lot of windows programs regard people as a fool, and it is a "smart program". For example, there is a program that likes to turn your first letter into uppercase, I don't say who it is, I will know when you encounter. If there is "one sentence, one letter is written", "is a significant problem, it requires a program to help you correct it, what is the human brain still used? Moreover, if you deliberately want to write, then it is more troublesome, I have not found this stupid option from it from its big pile menu. Only symbols can fully manipulate the computer. Let us say a lot of first school Linux users.
Although they are using Linux, but they feel WINDOWS in their eyes, they hope that Linux can "like Windows" one day. You said: "My mouse is a little, my menu is pull, ... you can complete my action." But I want to tell you: "Linux has never imagined Windows, will not .Linux from the birthday, it Working is more advanced than Windows. Linux belongs to people that can bravely face symbols. Only symbols can fully manipulate computers. "Take a look at excellent UNIX programs, Xfree86, Fvwm, Vim, Emacs, Proftpd, Mutt, Wget, Tin ,. No one is not using the configuration file to set the option. Why can these programs have no convenient menu to configure? Is it so low that their designers, and even the graphical configuration interface can't write? of course not. Because the ability of the graphical interface configuration method is extremely limited, the expression capability of the configuration file and program language is unlimited. When you configure these programs with a graphical interface, if you want to achieve the effect of the configuration file, you need a hundred thousand menus, checkbox, radio button, ... you can't find the place you need to modify! The syntax of the configuration files of each program has a lot of similarities, which is generally some commands, set some variables, parameters, ... once it is used, others will be easily understood. If you are used to AWK, SED, Perl, you will feel that that is really automation. Although the mouse is a good tool, its expression ability is limited. You can't use the mouse to let the computer understand what you mean, it has only 3 buttons after all. Look at my metapost page you can experience this weakness of your mouse. So though we like the mouse very much, but you can't rely on it.
The perfect cooperation of each applet is the most important feature of UNIX, it is the idea of UNIX design. Let each program only have a dedicated ability and then let them cooperate. XWindow also inherited this kind of good tradition. This is probably Windows and other operating systems to show the dust and place. Unity of UNIX programming, the perfect cooperation, really make me unbelievable! Shell, GREP, Find, AWK, SED, MAKE, Perl, Emacs, VI, TIN, MUTT, ... they are so consistent! Once you have learned the regular expression of the SED, other programs are basically available. Once you have learned VI and Vim, you will find that it is so regularly, and it seems that VI designers have designed Vim in today's perfect and unified way of managing! Moreover, the operation of the VI is also reflected in many programs such as MUTT, TIN. You can even set the BASH to the VI input method to enter the command line, I do this. A program can call another program to get the data, you can pay the data to it, and can "embed" another program in its own window. This cooperation is very difficult in Windows and other non-UNIX operating systems. I used Perl to make some automatic work under Windows. However, Windows file operations, the pipeline is so unstable, and the programs are basically unable to cooperate. Don't want to embed the UltraEdit editor in the Visual Studio window, don't want to use an Expect script to control Telnet to Shuimu Tsinghua BBS, which is why hellooo is born in Linux instead of Windows. I have tried to log in to the Sun machine from Windows Exceed SecureCrt SSH, and then pass the X program to the Exceed to run through the SSH tunnel (X11 tunnel), but it has not been successful for two days! Under Linux, this thing is not how to configure it. OpenSSH and XFree86 are the perfect combination, as long as the "Forward X11" option of the SSH is open. Windows programs are large, large, all email programs need to provide editors, send and collect mail, display an accessory of the email. Each BBS program provides its own Virtual Terminal, its own communication code. Each IDE provides editor, compiler, assembler, and debugger. In order to use a new program, people need to adapt to all of these it provides the interface, and cannot use the key binding of your favorite editor, menu group ... can't DIY! You have to know that the most advanced computer is custom-made, what you want, what CPU, what motherboard, how much memory, what hard drive, keyboard, mouse, display is selected. The most advanced skateboard, what brand of the sign, what brand of sand, what bridge, what is the wheel, what bearing, is also you choose. The most advanced table tennis racket, wooden board, rubber, sponge, glue can choose itself ... and use Windows programs, you get big chowder, just like you to buy "brand machine", only a few configurations, and there are many Software and services you don't need; just like you buy a small skateboard, you want a big wheel and a narrow board, but you don't have this room! The Windows program is equivalent to the cheapest, most sluggish skateboard.
But it will spend more money, because once a part is broken, or you don't like it, you can't find a good to change it, you must buy a full set of accessories! Unix and XWindow are high-grade "assembled". For example, when I use MUTT, I can use VIM to edit the email, I can use ImageMagick to display pictures in the attachment with ImageMagick, I can use Lynx to turn the HTML attachment into text embedded window, I also You can hand over the HTML attachment to Mozilla graphic display. I can let Gnupg help me digitally sign and encrypt the email, and I can also use other PGP programs. I want postfix instead of sendmail to help me send an email, I want fetchmail to help me collect mail, forward to postfix, then be handled by my own PERL filter ... I can do it! I can choose my favorite special procedure to complete special work, then combine them together, I can also get their benefits separately. Conclusion What is the purpose I write so much? I want to like Linux friends, completely clear Microsoft and Windows instill in your mind, don't believe what they call "new technology", don't catch Windows, because catching Windows = reverse. Marx has a very important thing. "The new thing does not necessarily appear in recent recently." Unix, Xwindow, TEX is more than Windows, but they are representatives of advanced productive forces. We must clearly understand what is true modernization, what is real automation. Brave picking up like Bash, FVWM, Vim, Emacs, Mutt, LFTP ... This powerful program, don't complain again "why Linux can't be like Windows", don't waste time try this kind of program, don't upgrade again . You need to change instead of Linux and UNIX, Linux can now be your good friend. You need to know it, understand it, trust it, can completely rely on it to efficiently, save time to deal with things in the world more worthwhile. Appendix: I have to deal with Linux procedures for daily transactions here to give some programs that can be handled for general things. As for your professional, scientific and engineering software, such as Matlab, Mathematica, MAPLE, HSPICE, DESIGN COMPILER, ... and other physical, chemical, biological ... must have Linux and UNIX version. Of course, they are not free, don't always feel free, they are a hard-working product, which is a reliable procedure, and their things value. Some Linux programs I have often used are listed below. There may be a lot in a list, that is to make you choose, I list more trusted. But in fact, there are many only one that I really use. I don't like trial programs. Shell: bash. I use Bash's VI command line. Editor: Vim, Emacs Program Development: GCC, Make, LD, Scheme48, J2SDK, Perl, Python, TCL / TK ... Papers, Slideshow Tools: Latex, Context Drawing Tools: Metapost. This language is too strong, so I only use it. If you are not familiar with, you can draw some pictures such as DIA. Image processing: imagemagick.
