Summary:
This paper introdunds Windows Server 2003 operating system features and describes the benefits and methods of upgrading from Windows 2000 to Windows Server 2003 infrastructure.
table of Contents:
Windows Server 2003 Introduction Select the most appropriate Windows Server 2003 version 前 Before upgrading questions Need to consider the problem Method to Windows Server 2003 完成 Complete the work after installation of Windows Server 2003
text:
One. Windows Server 2003 Introduction
Microsoft released a Windows Server 2003 operating system in April 2003, which is currently the latest Windows server operating system. Since its release, Windows Server 2003 is characterized by efficient, stable, reliable, security, etc., and has a reputation of "how fast, good provinces, stable, Taishan". Which highlights of Windows Server 2003 make it so popular, let us discuss one by one.
1. Version division
Windows Server 2003 features a version of the Windows 2000 Server family, including Windows Server 2003 Standard Edition, Windows Server 2003 Enterprise Edition, and Windows Server 2003 Data Center. In addition, in order to reduce deployment costs, Windows Server 2003 also provides a Web version, as a department or small enterprise server.
This scientific version of the scientific version is convenient for upgrading from the Windows 2000 server infrastructure. It does not have to overcome time to upgrade to which version is upgraded - Windows 2000 Server upgrade to Windows Server 2003 Standard Edition, Windows 2000 Advanced Server Upgrade to Windows Server 2003 Enterprise ...
Why do we upgrade to Windows Server 2003, what new features do it have compared to Windows 2000 Server? Let's look at the next link.
2. New feature
Windows Server 2003 has many new features, but this article focuses on the method of upgrading from Windows 2000 Server to Windows Server 2003 and bringing us, so this section will only introduce the characteristics of changing, and simply talk about Features, such as detailed product introduction, please visit the Microsoft's official product site.
New Activity Directory
The Windows Server 2003 Active Directory improves the location or attribute of the search or modify the object, adds a command line tool, application directory partition, adding a new domain controller from backup to multiple easy management features in existing domain. For upgrades from the previous active directory, you can easily implement the Windows Server 2003's Active Directory Migration Tool 2.0, reducing the risk and complexity of domain controller upgrades.
Application service
Windows Server 2003 Enterprise Edition integrates support for XML network services, providing an application environment to create, deploy, and run XML network services. In Application Services, it contains .NET Framework 1.1 we are already familiar with. These features have enabled development applications on the Windows Server 2003 platform to get higher productivity, efficiency, and lower investment.
Cluster service
The cluster services provided by Windows Server 2003 provide a stable platform for more and more e-commerce applications. In Windows Server 2003 Enterprise Edition, the cluster installation and configuration is more simple relative to the previous operating system, but provides better failure protection to ensure a long-term operation and processing of various services.
Document and printing services
Based on the NTFS disk partition, Windows Server 2003 provides a number of NTFS feature services such as disk limits. In addition, Windows Server 2003 reliability also reflects the automatic system recovery (ASR) feature provided by its installation and backup program. With automatic system recovery, we can quickly recover the servers through an ASR disk and a backup file. . For data security, Windows Server 2003 also introduces the concept of a shadow copy, which can restore the shared file to its previous version, which effectively prevents loss due to accidents such as accidents. Internet Information Service 6.0
Internet Information Service 6.0 is a new Internet server that creates a more stable, safer web server compared to Internet Information Services 5.0 and Integrated Internet Information Services 5.1 integrated in Windows XP, which creates more stable and safer web servers. Internet Information Services 6.0 automatically monitors errors, such as memory leaks, and automatic fault tolerance or restart processes when an error is detected. Internet Information Services 6.0 also provides health detection, and automatically shuts down a Web application for system resources, which allows the Internet Information Server to run multiple web applications. When a serious error is generated, other applications are not affected. Internet Information Services also provides a web garden - a bit like a small cluster, but is not entirely a cluster, real-time effective XML configuration file, etc. Excited characteristics.
Management service
Windows Server 2003 provides management services that are easy to deploy, configure, and use. Most of these management services are based on Unified Standard Microsoft Management Console (MMC), which provides conditions for centralized management, custom management environments, but also reduces overall management, and improves the infrastructure management efficiency.
Network and communication services
The DHCP services provided by Windows Server 2003 make the allocation of large agencies more efficient. At the same time, Windows Server 2003 also provides services such as IAS certification and IPSec to keep connecting enterprise network environmental security and monitoring. Windows Server 2003 Virtual Dedicated Network (VPN) provides a low-cost solution for a large-scale inter-regional enterprise network connection. At the same time, Windows Server 2003 also supports many new technologies such as IPv6 and Wi-Fi. Many networks and communication service functions have high manageability, providing the ability to keep the entire environment to be connected.
safety
Windows Server 2003 provides a lot of security features to ensure the security of the enterprise environment, such as the IEEE802.1x protocol, encryption file system, certificate service, and support smart card for wireless network security.
Storage management
Windows Server 2003 contains a range of tools that simplify management disks, volumes, and backups, but also provide convenience to SAN.
Terminal server
Windows Server 2003 Terminal Server enables clients or other computers in the enterprise to access Windows-based applications running on Windows Server 2003. You can use the program to install the program in the terminal server and use the terminal service to allow the client to access and use these applications, thereby saving licensing costs. At the same time, Windows Server 2003 also supports remote assistance, and performance is better than Windows XP.
Windows Media Service
Windows Server 2003 can be used as a Windows Media server that provides streaming services in the Internet or LAN. Compared to other streaming media servers, Windows Media services are more reliable, scalable, managed, and is the best choice for online video and audio servers.
two. Choosing the most appropriate Windows Server 2003 This article has been mentioned above, Windows Server 2003 provides a variety of versions of options, selecting a Windows Server 2003 version that meets your requirements to save your investment.
1. Introduction to each version of Windows Server 2003
Windows Server 2003 Standard Edition
Windows Server 2003 Standard Edition is a small business design and departmental server design, focusing on file services, printing services to collaborative operation services. Support 4 symmetrical multiprocessor systems, 4GB memory. Support for Hyperithm.
Windows Server 2003 Enterprise Edition
Windows Server 2003 Enterprise Edition is medium-sized and large enterprise server, 32-bit version of Windows Server 2003 Enterprise Edition supports 8-way symmetrical multiprocessor systems and 32GB memory. 64-bit version of Windows Server 2003 Enterprise Edition supports 8-channel symmetrical multiprocessor systems and 64GB memory. Windows Server 2003 Enterprise Edition also supports high-end services such as 8-node clusters, hyper threads, NUMA, and Windows System Explorer.
Windows Server 2003 Data Center Edition
Windows Server 2003 Data Center Edition is only sold together with the hardware server, not separately sold. Windows Server 2003 Data Center Version is available for data center applications, which can be used for computational and data mining of oversized data. 32-bit versions support 32-channel symmetrical multiprocessor systems and 64GB memory, 64-bit versions support 64-channel symmetric multiprocessor systems and 512GB memory. Windows Server 2003 Data Center Edition also supports high-end services such as 8-node cluster, ultra-thread, NUMA, and Windows System Explorer.
Windows Server 2003 Web Edition
Windows Server 2003 Web Edition is only sold together with hardware servers, not separately. Windows Server 2003 Web version is designed for rapid development, deploying web services and applications, providing web hosting and service system platforms. Windows Server 2003 Web supports 2-way symmetrical multiprocessor systems and 2GB memory, and supports hyperthreading. The Web version contains Internet Information Services 6.0 and supports ASP.NET and .NET Framework.
2. Which version is considered to upgrade to?
When considering upgrading the Windows 2000 server infrastructure to Windows Server 2003, we need to make a very important decision, which is upgraded to which version. Upgrading to a version that meets the needs may be able to save a lot of investment funds.
As mentioned earlier, Windows Server 2003 is divided into a lot of convenience from a Windows 2000 server upgrade. Windows 2000 Server should upgrade to Windows Server 2003 Standard Edition, and Windows 2000 Advanced Server should upgrade to Windows Server 2003 Enterprise.
It is important to note that Windows Server 2003's Web version is a new version that is designed for a new deployment department or a small enterprise-level web server, so we cannot upgrade any Windows 2000 server to the Windows Server 2003 Web.
In addition, during the server upgrade, we cannot upgrade the Windows 2000 server to fewer features, for example we cannot upgrade the Windows 2000 Advanced Server to Windows Server 2003 Standard Edition, and you cannot upgrade the Windows 2000 server to Windows. Server 2003 Web Edition. It is also important to note that the Data Center version of the Windows server is the version combined with a particular hardware and cannot be upgraded. The data center version of the server can only be pre-installed through the hardware manufacturer while purchasing server hardware, not retail, and no upgrade version. three. Need to consider before upgrading
After planning to upgrade, we need to consider a series of questions before actual upgrade, first, you must check the system requirements and hardware compatibility.
1. System requirements for Windows Server 2003
If the hardware does not conform to the system requirements of Windows Server 2003, some services may not run normally after the upgrade end, so please remember to ensure that the server hardware configuration has complied with the system requirements of Windows Server 2003 before the upgrade. In addition, although Microsoft provides minimum system requirements in Windows Server 2003, I still think that you should keep your server meet or higher than the recommended system requirements for Windows Server 2003. The following table shows the recommended system requirements for Windows Server 2003 Standards and Enterprise Edition.
Table 1 Windows Server 2003 Standard Edition and Enterprise Edition Recommended Demand for Hardware System Recommended System Demand Windows Server2003 Standard Edition Windows Server 2003 Enterprise Edition CPU Speed 550MHz or higher 733MHz or higher recommended minimum memory 256MB or more 256MB or more largest Memory 4GB 32-bit version: 32GB, 64-bit version: 64GB multiprocessor support 4 8 disk space requirements 1.5 GB or more 32-bit versions: 1.5GB, 64-bit version: 2GB
2. Check hardware compatibility
We must ensure that existing hardware is compatible with Windows Server 2003 after the need for hardware configurations already complies with our Upgrade to Windows Serve R 2003 Standards or Enterprise Edition. If the hardware is not compatible, unstable conditions are likely to occur in the future server operation. Therefore, it is one of the most important issues that need to be considered before upgrading.
Check how compatibility:
A. You can check the system compatibility by running the Winnt32.exe / CheckUpdateOnly command in the installation CD. B. You can also view compatibility lists by accessing the Windows Server 2003 website. (Http://www.microsoft.com/windows/catalog/server)
If you use SCSI, RAID and other cluster storage controllers to connect to the hard disk, you must look up the compatibility list in the official website before installing Windows Server 2003 (http://www.microsoft.com/windows/catalog/server ) And confirm that it is compatible, and the incompatible cluster storage controller is likely to generate errors when starting installation. When checking to the cluster storage controller you use In the compatibility list, you also need to bring a controller driver disk from the vendor. Of course, this disk is not necessarily used when Windows Server 2003 is installed. But if you don't, you just need it just right, you will be very troublesome.
3. Run ADPREP to prepare domain controllers
When you want to upgrade to Windows Server 2003, the Windows 2000 server is a domain controller, we must run adPrep.exe in advance to prepare an active directory, otherwise, when you run Winnt32.exe, you will fail and terminate the upgrade . Adprep.exe is located in the Windows Server 2003 Operating System CD, you need to run the adprep.exe / foreestprep on the architecture job host in the forest, and then run adprep.exe in each domain that needs to be upgraded to the Windows Server 2003 domain controller. / DomainPrep. ADPREP will update the architecture of the active directory, improve the default security descriptor, adjust the ACL of the Active Directory object and the file in the Sysvol folder, to allow the domain controller to access, create new objects used by the application, create a new container for testing .
When ADPREP.EXE is running, the system will generate a log that will be in% system folder% / system32 / debug / adprep.
four. Migration to Windows Server 2003
After everything is ready, you can upgrade the existing system to Windows Server 2003. Before you start installation, we need to decide which installation method to use.
1. Upgrade existing system to Windows Server 2003
Upgrading an existing system to Windows Server 2003 is suitable for small agencies because upgrade installations are relatively convenient, such as user settings, policy settings, and permissions, etc., there is no need to reset. Similarly, the installed applications and existing documents will not be affected.
2. After backup, erase the existing system and perform a new installation or migration
Erase existing systems after backup existing data and perform new installations more suitable for larger companies. Because the reformat will increase the disk efficiency. You can also recreate the partition or adjust the size of the partition during a new installation. You can also re-configure the server through the new installation, in fact, new installations can also improve the validity of the server.
Fives. Complete the work after installation of Windows Server 2003
1. Decide server role
After installing Windows Server 2003, we need to locate the server, which is what we need to determine the role of the server.
Member server:
The Windows Server 2003 of the domain controller is not a member server, if we set a server as a member server, it can be a DHCP server, DNS server, file, and print server, database server, web server, certificate Server, remote access server, etc.
Domain controller:
The domain controller is a server equipped with Windows Server 2003 and contains domain databases (active directory databases), and there will be replication activities between different domain controllers. The domain controller is also responsible for verifying the user login.
Independent server:
In the network, the Windows Server 2003 server that is not joined to the domain is called a standalone server, it is a member of the workgroup. Independent Server can share resources to other computers, any service and feature of the service and feature from the active directory cannot be used.
2. Technical practice for new activity directories
(1) New feature of the activity directory
In the Windows Server 2003 network infrastructure, the Active Directory is an indispensable service that is information such as directory services, storage users, and other resources. Active Directory also helps non-Windows computers using Windows applications and hardware devices for Windows operating systems. Active directory makes the entire Windows network infrastructure more secure, reliable, and easy management.
What new features are there in Windows Server 2003? Let us analyze one by one. When remoked as a domain controller for Windows Server 2003, the active directory has the following new features.
1. Select multiple user objects in multiple user objects, and modify some of their common attributes, and this modification will be applied to all user objects selected.
2. Trust Features Windows Server 2003 Active Directory Management Console - Active Directory, User, and Computer Console Support Trust, you want to change the location of the object in the domain or the structure of the domain, you can complete it.
3. Efficient search features Windows Server 2003 provides object-oriented search features and efficient browsing search effectively reduces network dosage.
4. Saved Query Windows Server 2003 provides saving query features, by saving queries, search the same resource again later does not have to enter anything, just select this already saved query.
5. Active Directory Command Line Tools Windows Server 2003 Active Directory joins new command line tools to facilitate administrator management
6. Creating a Class WINDOWS Server 2003 Active Directory allows you to create specific class instances from the Moriji architecture, you can create examples for commonly used class such as national or regions, individuals, organizers, GroupOfNames, devices, and CAs.
7. The InetorgPerson class InetORGPERSON class has been added to the base architecture in the Windows Server 2003 Active Directory.
8. Application Directory Partition Application Directory Partition Features Let you specify which specific data to copy to the forest which specific domain controllers in the forest.
9. Other new features The Windows Server 2003 Active Directory also supports adding domain controllers to existing domains through backup media, as well as universe members caches.
When appointed controllers are Windows Server 2003, the active directory has the following new features.
1. Domain Controller Removement Tools We can be renamed for domain controllers at any time, do not need to drop it to a normal server in advance.
2. The domain renovation tool can modify the DNS and NetBIOS names at any time.
3. Cross-forest trust cross-forest trust is a new type of Windows trust, used to manage security relationships between the two forests, simplify cross-forest safety management.
4. Forest Reconstruction Windows Server 2003 Active Directory supports moving existing domains to other locations in the architecture.
5. Closed Screen Architecture Objects Windows Server 2003 Active Directory supports a useless class and property from the schema.
6. Dynamic Auxiliary WINDOWS Server 2003 Active Directory supports connecting dynamic auxiliary classes to a separate object and can be removed at any time.
7. Global Directory Copy Debugging Windows Server 2003 will reserve without resetting the global directory copy debugging, when copying, only new attributes, such that some attribute settings will minimize the generated work.
8. Copying Improved Group member information can be replicated separately without having to be a minimum unit throughout the group.
(2) Configure the active directory
After understanding some of the features of the new activity directory, we need to configure the Windows Server 2003 Active Directory in the network. To use the Active Directory in the Windows Server 2003 network, we can install the active directory on the member server to make it a Domain controller; we can also use the previous Windows 2000 domain controller, as a new domain controller, the upgrade and controller method has been described in the previous section of this article, running ADPREP / ForestPrep and ADPREP / DomainPrep Execute Winnt32.exe, let's describe how to install an active directory on a member server that has already been upgraded to Windows Server 2003. To install an active directory in a member server, we need to use the Active Directory Installation Wizard. By using the Active Directory Installation Wizard, we can:
1. Create a new forest (simultaneous is a new domain) 2. Create a new subdomain 3. Create a new tree 4 in the existing forest. Add a domain controller 5 in an existing domain. Designation or configuration domain DNS server
To launch the Active Directory Setup Wizard, click the Start button, click Run, enter "DCPROMO", and click OK.
(3) Functional levels of the domain and forest
When deploying Windows Server 2003, we don't have to upgrade all the servers in the network to Windows Server 2003, so the functional level problem will appear.
The Windows domain may contain the following features:
1. Windows 2000 mixed mode (the domain contains Windows 2000, Windows NT4, and Windows Server 2003 Domain Controllers, this is the default mode) 2. Windows 2000 local mode (domain contains Windows 2000 and Windows Server 2003 Domain Controllers) 3. Windows Server 2003 mode (all domain controllers are Windows Server 2003)
Once the function level is upgraded to the Windows Server 2003 mode, the Windows 2000 domain controller can no longer be included in the domain.
Compared to Windows 2000 mixed mode and Windows 2000 local mode function level, Windows Server 2003 model has the following new features:
1. The domain controller is renamed 2. Upgrade landing postmark 3. Kerberos KDC Key Version 4. The user password 5 in the inetorgperson object. Convert from the security group to the distribution group type 6. SID history
In the forest containing multiple domains and trees, the functional levels of the forest are also available:
1. Windows 2000 (including forests in Windows NT4, Windows 2000, Windows Server 2003 Domain Controller) 2. Windows Server 2003 (all domain controllers in the forest are Windows Server 2003)
Once the function level is upgraded to Windows Server 2003, other operating systems' domain controllers cannot operate in the forest.
Compared to the Windows 2000 forest functional level, the Windows Server 2003 functional level has the following new features:
1. Global directory copy debugging 2. Closed screen architecture object 3. Cross forest trust 4. Enhanced replication 5. The domain is renamed 6. Dynamic auxiliary class 7. After the InetorgPerson ObjectClassClass After understanding the functional segment of the Windows Server 2003 domain and forest, according to actual requirements, we can decide whether we enhance the functional level of the upgrade network and develop a plan to improve.
For more information on upgrading to Windows Server 2003, please visit:
Microsoft Windows Server 2003 Official Site: http://www.microsoft.com/windowsserver2003
to sum up:
This article tells questions that need to be considered before upgrading from Windows 2000 to the Windows Server 2003 Enterprise Network infrastructure. What new features can you get after upgrading, and what you need to pay attention to and complete the upgrade installation in the upgrade. I hope to apply the Windows 2000 server and plan to upgrade to the Windows Server 2003 server environment.
Reference information: Microsoft Windows Server 2003 White Paper
Author Information: Yannuo (Microsoft MVP)
