Due to its "freedom" and "open" characteristics, he has derived hundreds of distinct releases. The so-called distribution is to pack some software outside Linux, such as our common redhat Linux, red flag Linux, Mandrake Linux, etc., its essence - the kernel is still consistent. However, due to the different user groups, it is often used very much. Due to the most contacted or its peripheral software on Linux, various Linux issues have made an important factor in software management methods. For an operating system, there is no such package manager. Without the help of the package manager, the producer of the operating system will face such or such problems, users will be installed, upgraded, and unloading and publishing software packs will also be very troublesome. System management is also prone to problems; Specialized package manager, software producer is easy to make and distribute its own software, and for ordinary users, the installation and maintenance of the package will become very convenient. In this way, the promotion of an operating system will also promote a good promotion. I divide Linux's software management into three categories: 1 Based on RPM-based package management method; 2 DEB-based package management mode; 3 based on source code software management. I will talk about my understanding and feelings on these three categories. RPM-based package management method: rpm is the abbreviation of Redhat package manager, meaning the Redhat (Red Hat) Package Manager. Such releases are the most, and the user group is also the largest. It is well-known foreign countries such as Redhat Linux, Mandrake Linux, SUSE Linux, China with red flag Linux, Magic Linux, winning the bid to Puhua Linux, etc. Installing software under this Linux, generally selecting a compiled RPM package, installing with the rpm command, the system will automatically open the package, and copy it to the corresponding directory, while in the system's database Add information about the package. If you want to uninstall some software in the future, use the RPM command to add parameters -E, the system will go to query the database and delete the relevant files and directories. Installation, delete software is more convenient, plus the number of RPM packages available on the Internet is very much, and the people used are easy to communicate, so this type of release is very good as a user entry. The author pushes Redhat Linux here (and later Fedora) and Magic Linux, one is a foreign release, one is domestic. After all, RPM is a home product, and has a huge user base. The compatibility of software is better, and other issues have generally or more changes to reflect their own "characteristics", which is easy There is a compatibility issue, that is, people often say "software package dependence issues". The reason why the domestic release is Magic Linux, mainly because Magic Linux is a group of linux from a group of enthusiasts, there is not much commercial drive, which is very small for Linux itself, and it is easier to make people feel "pure". Linux, is quite excellent for Chinese support. And the red flag Linux and the winning bid Pupu Linux mimics Windows, which is very changed for the original Linux. As mentioned earlier, the more changed the change, the more prone to software compatibility, the more, the author is deeply appointed .
Of course, it is undeniable that the software package management method of rpm is also its shortcomings, the most important thing is the "package dependence problem" mentioned above. Since some software is running, it is often necessary to support other software, and the system will use the rpm command to install the software package, the system will check if the software it needs is already installed. If there is a package that it rely on is not installed, the installer is Will quit and let you install other software, and you may have dependence issues when installing other software ... how cumbersome you can imagine! Although the rpm command provides the "Forced Installation" option, it is difficult to work hard unless you have a big grasp, the software "forced installation" is difficult to work. In order to solve this annoying problem, some issuance uses its own solution, such as Mandrake Linux adds a front-end interface on the basis of RPM, discovery the dependency problem is to search and download installation on the specified website; Fedora provides a front-end program named Yum, and also downloads and installed on the specified website when the RPM-dependent problem is found. However, Redhat Linux 9 and its previous versions have not provided such functions. Gay is that there is now an APT package manager that is transplant from Debian Linux, you can find the APT package manager that suits you at http://apt.freshrpms.net/, download and install Yes, it can solve dependency issues better. As for the specific use of the APT, the reader can check the relevant information yourself. DEB-based package management mode: This package management is mainly used on Debian Linux, and the current domestic distribution is like Xinhua Liner Linux, and Hiweed-Debian Linux has also adopted this approach. Debian Linux provides a variety of tools for the management of the package, I know: l DSELECT - Package Management Tools in the Menu Interface (Last Package Management Tool)
l DPKG - Install the package (files in the management package)
l Apt-get - Install the package (management package, CLI APT)
l Tasksel - Installation Task Suite (a set of software packages for a certain manual)
l Aptitude - Install the package (Manage Package and Task Suite, NCURSES APT)
l deity - another NCURSES APT
l Synaptic, gsynaptic - Another GUI APT in the free software, the number of software packaged in the DEB package is most. Debian Linux itself is developed by volunteers from all over the world, and their concept is also close to Linux nature. Its package management method is advanced from RPM since its birth, it can be said that there is almost no so-called dependency problem, and it will automatically download it from the Internet or prompts which disc that you need to download or prompt. Because of this, we say that Debian Linux is very dependent on the network. Under Debian Linux, the DEB package is better for developers or end users. Debian Linux is extremely rich, and the growth rate is accelerated year by year. The most important thing is that the release of the package under Debian has a strict test, so the stability of Debian Linux is almost first-class. DEBIAN Linux advanced package management method also caused its online upgrade to be extremely easy - only one command! You don't have to worry about your Linux outdated and reinstall a new version of Linux. Debian Linux can automatically do it all. The release of software management based on source code: This type of Linux release is small, and it is very different from other issues. Typical Gentoo Linux, LFS (strictly said that LFS is not a Linux distribution). Take Gentoo Linux as an example, it is very flexible. Gentoo Linux can compile a complete Linux operating system from source code on a single computer, or install a compiled package like other releases. Installing source code software under Gentoo Linux is very convenient, as long as an Emerge command can be automatically compiled, if you need support for other software, Gentoo Linux will download and install it from the Internet. Since Gentoo Linux installs software, you usually compile the source code, so there are many time spent. For example, you have to install OpenOffice from the source code. The best way is to install at 10:00 pm. It usually installs ^ _ ^ after waking up the next morning. However, there is an uncomfortable benefit from the source code. One is to make you more clearly clear the principle of Linux, and because it is compiled on your computer, the compiled binary code is definitely more suitable for yourself, running speeds often Installing pre-compiled software is much faster. So sometimes spend some time is still worth it. Just mentioned LFS, LFS is the abbreviation of Linux from scratch, which is a hunting operating system that is compiled from the source code. Install it, you need to have a Linux and a installation manual in advance. Follow the instructions for the installation manual to download the corresponding source code online, compile another Linux that can run independently on the existing Linux system, sounding a challenging meaning? The installation of LFS is the most difficult, which does not have the concept of a package at all. LFS is completely controlled by you. When you have successfully installed LFS, you will have more in-depth understanding of Linux. Summary: If you have just contacted Linux, you may wish to choose a lot of software packages in the first class. It is also very popular in China. It is also easy to ask if you encounter problems. The author recommends getting started with Redhat Linux, Fedora or Magic Linux. If you are a Linux user, it is convenient and stable, then Debian Linux is naturally your first choice.
