BIOS Q & A 1 (Note: Transfer from IT168)
Q: What is BIOS?
A: BiOS (Basic Input / Output System), the basic input and output system, is usually cured in a read-only memory (ROM), so it is also known as the ROM-BIOS. It performs device-level, output devices in computer systems, and hardware level control, which is the hub between the connection software program and the hardware device. ROM-BIOS is a program used to provide the lowest and most direct hardware control in your computer system. For PC, the BIOS contains code that controls the keyboard, display screen, disk drive, serial communication devices, and many other features. Computer technology has developed to today, there have been a variety of new technologies, and many software parts of the technology are managed by the BIOS. Such as PNP technology (PLUG AND PLAY- Plug and Play Technology) is implemented in the BIOS plus PNP module. Another example of hot-swapping technology is also transmitted by the system BIOS to the configuration management program in the BIOS, and is reconfigured by the program (eg, an interrupt, DMA channel or the like). In fact, hot-swap technology is also a PNP technology.
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Q: What are the BIOS contain?
A: When we open the PC's power, the central processor (CPU) will automatically execute a series of commands, which can be divided into the following:
POST power-on self-test: After the microcomputer is turned on, a self-inspection of the system is self-inspected. This process is often referred to as POST - Power On Self Test. Almost all hardware of the system is detected.
The system starts the bootstrap program: After completing the POST self-test, the ROM BIOS searches for the startup driver in the system CMOS settings, and reads the operating system boot record, and then controls system control. The right is handed to the boot record, and the system is started by the boot record.
BIOS interrupt call: The BIOS interrupt service program, which is a programmable interface between the microcomputer system soft and hardware, which is used for the program software function and the microcomputer hardware implementation.
In addition, the BIOS also includes a system setting program and a service program.
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Q: The role of BIOS in system startup
A: When the power is powered on, the computer reads out the instruction code from the BIOS chip to perform the self-test of system hardware (including BIOS program integrity test, RAM readability, and CPU, DMA controller and other components). Detect and confirm the PNP device, and then read configuration information such as system resource data required for the normal operation of the corresponding part on each PNP component. The PNP module in the BIOS attempts to establish an uncovering resource allocation table, making all components to work normally. After the configuration is complete, the system is to write all the configuration data, ESCD-Extended System Config Data, which is why we see a series of inspections when you see the host start to enter Windows: Configure memory, hard drive, and CD-ROM drive. Sound card, etc., the prompt information such as "Update Escd..suCcessed" appears. After all of these tests are completed, the BIOS controls the system control over to the system's boot module, which is completed by the operating system.
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Q: Where is BIOS?
A: BIOS Although it is also a group of procedures, it has a big difference with our common procedures on disk. For personal computers, programs on floppy disks, discs, or hard drives must be read in memory before they can run, but BIOS's running order is before these programs, in other words, you must run the BIOS to make floppy disk, CD or The program on the hard disk works normally, so the BIOS cannot be placed in these storage media, but should be placed directly in the memory, but this memory cannot be often said, RAM (Read and Write Memory, random access memory), Because the content in the RAM will disappear after the power is powered off, the BIOS will not be found next time, and therefore, the BIOS must be stored in the ROM (Read Only Memory, read-only memory). BIOS is both software, but it is completely different from ordinary software. It is a program code cured inside the integrated circuit, which is part of the hardware, so sometimes it is called Firmware - "firmware". In addition, the address of the ROM that stores BIOS is also fixed, that is, the address cannot be occupied by other programs, so as not to look for the starting point of the BIOS program every time it is turned on. It is due to the unsolicable relationship between BIOS and ROM, and people are collectively referred to as "BIOS ROM" or "ROM BIOS". Therefore, the BIOS chip we usually refers to the ROM chip that stores BIOS, and the ROM is just a carrier of Firmware.
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Q: Is it only a motherboard to have a BIOS?
A: In addition to the motherboard, such as NIC, graphics card, modem, digital camera, hard disk, etc. also have a so-called BIOS, some SCSI cards, and some special interface cards, also have their own BIOS. Bios on the graphics card to complete communication between the graphics card and the motherboard; the startup and use of the hard disk also requires the HDD BIOS to complete. During the boot process, the motherboard BIOS will call and execute these additional BIOS procedures to complete the initialization of these hardware. Therefore, in theory, each hardware can have its own BIOS. However, the results of BIOS will not only increase cost, but will lead to compatibility problems. Therefore, it is generally integrated in the motherboard BIOS, which is generally except for those manufacturers' unique specifications. The formation of BIOS appears. The BIOS on these external devices is also the same as the BIOS of the motherboard, and the Flash ROM is used as a BIOS ROM chip, and it is also conveniently upgraded to modify its defects and enhance their compatibility.
But if the motherboard manufacturer is willing to cooperate, you can still integrate the original BIOS to the motherboard, such as Gigabyte's G400 graphics card, there is no BIOS chip, its BIOS is written in the motherboard,
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Q: What packages have the BIOS chip?
A: Early BIOS chip has a package of DIP (double-column-in-in-in-in-in-in) form, with the development of semiconductor package technology, SOJ, TSOP, PSOP, PLCC and other package forms have been introduced. Most of the BIOS on the desktop board is a DIP package, some of which use the PLCC form package. Most of the BIOS on your laptop adopts SOJ package. In order to facilitate replacement of the BIOS chip, there is a socket on the motherboard, and the tool can be removed, replace the BIOS chip. -------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------
Q: What are the manufacturers of BIOS chips?
A: Many manufacturers of ROM chips, mainly available in WinBond, Intel, ATMEL, SST, MXIC, etc. Since WinBond (Huabang) produces BIOS ROM chip times, it is compatible with the original design of the motherboard, so the market occupation is large. Intel has always occupied the status of the leader in the Flash ROM market, and its 586 era I28F001BX chip, I810 (815) N82802AB chip on the motherboard, has a unique effect in the recovery of BIOS.
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Q: What is the meaning of the prompt information that occurs when the computer starts?
A:
1.CMOS Battery Failed (CMOS battery failure).
Cause: Description CMOS battery has been insufficient, please replace new batteries.
2.CMOS Check Sum Error-Defaults Loaded (CMOS is found when all checks are performed, so load the preset system setting value).
Reason: This situation usually occurs because the battery is insufficient, so you may wish to try it first. If the problem still exists, then the CMOS RAM may have problems, it is best to return to the original process.
3. Display Switch Is Set IncorRectly (Display Switch Configuration Error).
Cause: The proofer on the older motherboard can set the display as monochrome or color, and this error message indicates that the settings on the motherboard and the settings in the BIOS are inconsistent, and they can be reset.
4.Press Esc To Skip Memory Test (Memory Check, press ESC to skip).
Reason: If there is no settlement self-test in the BIOS, then boot will perform memory test, if you don't want to wait, press the ESC button to skip or go to the BIOS to open Quick Power On Self Test.
5.Hard Disk Initializing [Please wait a moment ...] (hard drive is initializing, please wait for a moment).
Cause: This problem is not seen on the newer hard drive. But on the old hard disk, it starts slowly, so this problem will occur.
6.hard Disk Install Failure (hard drive installation failed).
Cause: The power cord of the hard disk, the data line may not be connected or the hard disk jumper is not wrong (such as the two hard drives on a data line are set to Master or Slave.)
7. Secondary Slave Hard Fail (Detecting Pan failed).
Cause: 1 CMOS is not set (for example, there is no slave plate but in CMOS) 2 hard drive power cord, the data line may not be connected or the hard disk jumper is not set. 8. Hard Disk (s) Diagnosis Fail (an error occurred while performing a hard disk diagnosis).
Cause: This usually represents the fault of the hard disk itself. You can first pick the hard drive to try another computer, if the problem is the same, then send it.
9.Floppy disk (s) Fail or Floppy Disk (s) Fail (80) or FLOPPY DISK (S) Fail (40) (unable to drive flush).
Cause: Is the wiring of the floppy disk or loose? Is there any power supply? If you have no problem, buy a new one.
10.Keyboard Error or No Keyboard Present (keyboard error or missed keyboard)
Reason: Does the keyboard cable plug? Whether the cable is damaged?
11.Memory Test Fail (Memory Detection Failed)
Cause: It is usually caused by memory incompatibility or failure.
12.Override Enable-Defaults loaded (Current CMOS Settings Unable to start the system, load the BIOS preset to start the system).
Reason: It may be that you are in the BIOS settings that are not suitable for your computer (like your memory can only run 100MHz but you let it run 133MHz), then enter the BIOS setting to re-adjust.
13.Press Tab To Show Post Screen (Press Tab Keys to switch the screen display)
Reason: Some OEM vendors will replace the BIOS preset boot display screen with their own display screen, and this prompt is to tell the user to switch the manufacturer's custom screen and BIOS preset boot screen. .
14.Resuming from disk, press tab to show post screen (boot from the hard disk, press TAB to display the boot self-test screen).
Cause: The BIOS of some motherboards provides the feature of Suspend to Disk. When the user is turned off in the SUSPEND TO DISK, this prompt message is displayed next time.
BIOS Q & A 2
Q: What is the difference between BIOS and CMOS?
A:
CMOS (Complimentary Metal Oxide Semiconductor, originality refers to complementary metal oxide semiconductors - a raw material applied to large-scale integrated circuit chips) is a readable-writable RAM chip on the microcomputer motherboard to save the current system's hardware. Configuration and user settings for certain parameters. In order to ensure that the system is not lost after the system is lost, a battery is set to CMOS on the motherboard.
Since CMOS is closely related to the microcomputer system settings, the CMOS settings and BIOS settings are available. CMOS is where the system stores parameters, and the system setup program in the BIOS is a means of completing parameter settings. Therefore, accurate statement is to set the CMOS parameter via the BIOS setup program. And the CMOS settings and BIOS settings we usually say are simplified, which is confused to have two concepts.
Q: When is it to set the BIOS?
A: Performing a BIOS setting is a very important system initialization work that is artificially completed by the operator according to the actual situation of the microcomputer. In the following, BIOS or CMOS must be set:
1, new purchase machine:
Even if the system with a PNP function can only recognize a part of the microcomputer peripheral, and basic information such as soft hard disk, the current date, clock, etc. must be set by the operator, so the newly purchased microcomputer must tell the system by performing CMOS parameter settings. Basic configuration of the entire microcomputer. 2. New equipment:
Since the system does not necessarily know new devices, you must tell it through CMOS settings. In addition, once the new device has an IRQ and DMA conflicts between the new devices, the DMA conflict occurs, and it is often necessary to exclude through the BIOS setting.
3. CMOS data is accidentally lost:
In the system reserve battery failure, the virus destroys the CMOS data program, accidentally clears CMOS parameters, etc., often cause accidental loss of CMOS data. You can only re-enter the BIOS setup program to complete the new CMOS parameter setting.
4. System Optimization:
For memory read and write waiting time, hard disk data transmission mode, internal / external Cache, energy saving protection, power management, boot start order, etc., the predetermined settings in the BIOS are not necessarily optimal, at this time It is often necessary to have multiple tests to find the best combination of system optimization.
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Q: What kinds of brands do the BIOS on the market?
A: When IBM PC is just launched, everyone is based on the BIOS of IBM. The composing function is closest to it, but the program code is slightly different BIOS (because the case code may infringe the copyright), This is also the key to determining whether it is known as "100% compatibility with IBM PC". Later, as the big environment change, the compatibility machine began to prevail, IBM no longer master the leading rights of the individual computer specifications, so the compatible manufacturers' BIOS also get rid of its shadow, walk out of their own style, below, including representatives Sexual four vendors.
● award
Award was founded in 1983 and is headquartered in Mountain View, California, and Taiwan Branch called "Branch Technology Co., Ltd.". During the 386, 486, the BIOS market was still AMI, Award and Phoenix Sanxiong, and the product share has high and low, but since the Phoenix transfer notebook computer market, AMI products are not connected, and Award launched the excellent product to fill this gap. To many motherboard plans, the share is climbing. With the motherboard currently produced in Taiwan, the vast majority is award BIOS, which has almost become the standard specifications of Pentium, Pentium II motherboard. 4
● AMI
AMI is an abbreviation for American Megatrend Inc. Founded in 1985, the early AMI BIOS with its simple picture, easy to learn the way, and quickly captured the market's market, and was deeply loved. Especially when many DIY players are purchasing a main board, it is more specified that AMI BIOS is not available. It can be seen that its momentum is really astounding. However, when you have a problem, I don't know if the marketing strategy, product quality or development progress is in the Pentium, Pentium II motherboard market, AMI BIOS is like a rapid red and red, so that it is quiet in the market, so that the big hunger Give Award, although it still launched a series of evaluated products such as WinBIOS and HiFlex, helpless opportunities were lost, and they were unable to return to the sky, and it was difficult to resume in the past.
● Phoenix
PHOENIX is located in San Jose, California. From its BIOS settings screen, it is not difficult to find that its product style is very fixed. There is no big change, perhaps this is the tradition of the company. On the early Pentium grade desktop computer, I also saw Phoenix BIOS, but since I transferred to the computer market in the laptop, it was difficult to have a trace in the desktop computer market. And the results of the deep tillage notebook computer independently, now in China, many well-known brands of laptops use Phoenix BIOS, which can be seen that their product quality has won many manufacturers trust. ● Microid research
Among many BIOS design vendors, Microid Research can be regarded as the most different albeit, as it is almost the only company that provides "satisfying". You can download a combined BIOS file from the website (http://www.mrbios.com). If you have a certain period of time, if you are satisfied, you must register your payment, otherwise stop using it, you can reply to the original BIOS, don't pay a cent This kind of breaking strategy really benefits many computer players, and also starts the name of "MR BIOS".
Unfortunately, MICROID Research has changed the marketing strategy, which no longer provides a trial version to personal use, but suggests that the user has a formal version to Unicore Software, Inc. Since then, the trial of many lovers, and MR BIOS is no longer a hot topic in the network discussion, gradually being forgotten by the public.
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Q: How to enter the BIOS setup program?
A: There are usually three ways to enter the BIOS settings:
1. Press the hotkey when boot startup
Pressing the specific hotkey when booting can enter the BIOS setup program. Different types of machines enter the BIOS setup program, some are given on the screen, some do not give prompts, several common BIOS setup programs The way the way is as follows:
Award BIOS: Press Ctrl Alt ESC or DEL, the screen has a prompt;
AMI BIOS: Press DEL or ESC, the screen has a prompt;
Compaq BIOS: Press F10 when the cursor appears in the upper right corner of the screen, and there is no prompt;
AST BIOS: Press CTRL Alt ESC and no prompts.
2. Software provided with the system
Many motherboards now provide programs that entered the BIOS setup program under DOS, which already contains some BIOS settings in the Windows 95 control panel and registry.
3, use some readable writable CMOS application software
Some applications, such as QAPLUS provides read, write, modifying the CMOS, and can modify some basic system configurations by them.
BIOS Q & A 3
Q: Compaq's Professional Workstation workstation, why can't I enter the BIOS setup program?
A: The BIOS Setup program of the Compaq machine and the storage location of the setting parameters are different from the normal computer, which is stored in a special partition on the hard disk. Compaq's Professional Workstation has a SmartStart CD on the disk, which has the initial installation of the workstation, and the first step is to create a new partition on the hard disk and store data in the CMOS in the partition. There is also software setup for CMOS, this point and other brand machines, compatible machines are very different, not directly entering CMOS settings. So, if the workstation does not install the correct step, there is no such special partition, so there is no response to the F10 button. The solution is simple, that is, use the SmartStart CD to start and complete the CMOS Setup installation, but pay attention to back up the useful data in the original hard disk, because the CMOS partition will erase the data in the hard disk. -------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------
Q: Why upgrade BIOS
A: The program in the BIOS determines the support and coordination capabilities of the system for hardware. Now new hardware is endless, BIOS is impossible to preach such a wide range of hardware, depending on the update to the BIOS chip. Upgrading BIOS The most direct benefits are that you can get a lot of new features without spending money. For example, you use the CPU of PII. After upgrading the BIOS, you may directly use PIS, you don't have to change the main panel; look at other people can use the optical drive To start the computer, you can't upgrade the BIOS, it can also increase the PNP plug and play function, new hard disk LBA and DMA function, identify other new hardware, etc., it is a free upgrade computer!
In addition, upgrade BIOS can also solve some special computer failures, which often make computer masters feel inexplicably. The arrival of 2000 is a big event in the world, and it is a big problem for the computer, and the upgrade BIOS can effectively solve the computer's 2000 problem.
In order to give full play to the performance of the motherboard, support the new hardware that has emerged, and correct the shortcomings in the previous BIOS version, the manufacturers continue to launch new BIOS versions. Use the dedicated refresh program to change the contents of the motherboard BIOS, which is the BIOS upgrade we often say. Now the motherboard is almost all Flash ROM (flash ROM) as a BIOS, under certain voltages, under current conditions, it can be rewritten.
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Q: Why is the BIOS upgrade is very dangerous?
A: BIOS is stored in the ROM chip on the motherboard, which ensures that the general availability of the BIOS and does not damage due to disk errors. The status of BIOS in the entire PC system determines its importance. Is it working properly, whether it works, and directly determines the life and death of the entire microcomputer system. According to incomplete statistics, 60% to 80% of the motherboard is caused by the BIOS chip of the motherboard, so the normal work of the BIOS is particularly important! However, upgrade BIOS will often have some unpredictable things while promoting performance. In the upgrade process, the upgrade file is used to upgrade the upgrade file. The version of the upgrade file is incorrect, and the upgrade file is modified (the case is invasive), etc., it will not be displayed when the re-start. Because of this, some motherboard manufacturers, if the ASUS series motherboard with the i820 chipset uses closer to upgrade BIOS, in the new ASUS P3C series motherboard, with convenient Live Update features, when updating BIOS, only need Put the random driver disc, after selecting the option to update the BIOS, you can automate the latest version of the BIOS, and fully update, avoid the mistakes on the operation. -------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------
Q: What kind of BIOS can upgrade?
A: Since the BIOS, the BIOS storage medium is different from the Flash ROM, the ROM of the ROM, EPROM, EEPROM to today, and the method of updating its internal firmware is also different. The content in the ROM cannot be updated. Once the manufacturing process of the chip is completed, the internal content can only be read out; the erase of EPROM should use a dedicated ultraviolet eraser, and ordinary users cannot complete it. Erase, refresh the process. From the EEPROM, the BIOS chip can accomplish the refresh process with a certain voltage ( 12V) or current, using a dedicated program to complete the refresh process, so that the EEPROM chip can be accepted by the market. The update of the Flash ROM is more simple. Does not need specific conditions, with a refresh program, which can complete the chip.
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Q: What is ROM, EPROM, EEPROM, FLASH ROM?
A: In the early days of the development of the microcomputer, BIOS is stored in the ROM (Read Only Memory, read-only memory). The internal data is in the manufacturing process of the ROM. It is burned in the factory in the factory, and the content can only be read, once burned in, the user can only verify that the written information is correct. Cannot make any modifications. If there is any error in the discovery, only discarding is not available, re-order. The ROM is produced on the production line. Due to high cost, it is generally only used in large quantities.
Due to the inconvenience of the ROM manufacturing and upgrade, later people invented the PROM (Programmable ROM, programmable ROM). Initially, there is no information from the PROM produced from the factory, and users can write their information with a dedicated programmer, but this opportunity is only once. Once written, it will not be modified. If it is wrong, it has been written The chip can only be scrapped. The properties of the PROM are the same, but their cost is higher than the ROM, and the speed of writing data is slower than the mass production speed of the ROM, which is generally only applicable to a small amount of demand or the ROM mass production. Verification. ERASABLE programmable ROM, erased programmable ROM (erased programmable ROM) chip can be repeatedly erased and written, and the PROM chip can only be written once. The EPROM chip has a significant feature, on its front ceramic package, open with a glass window, through which the internal integrated circuit can be seen, and the ultraviolet light can be erased through the hole to illuminate the internal chip. Internal data, the operation of completing the chip erase to use the EPROM eraser. The write of the EPROM uses a dedicated programmer and must be added to the chip to write a certain program voltage (VPP = 12-24V, depending on the different chip model). The model of EPROM is starting with 27, such as 27c020 (8 * 256K) is a 2m bits capacity EPROM chip. After the EPROM chip is written, the EPROM chip is also sealed with an opaque sticker or tape to prevent the data damage to the surrounding ultraviolet irradiation.
In view of the inconvenience of EPROM operation, most of the BIOS ROM chip on the board (Electrical EraSable Programmable ROM) is used by EPROM (Electrical Erasable Programmable ROM). Erlocks of EPROM do not need to be used in other devices, which is modified by electronic signals, and is by Byte as the minimum modification unit, do not have to wash all the information all to write, completely get rid of ERASER and programmers Chain. EPROM still uses a certain programming voltage when writing data. At this time, only the dedicated refresh program provided by the vendor can easily rewrite the content, so it belongs to the dual voltage chip. By means of the dual voltage characteristics of the EPROM chip, the BIOS can have good anti-virus function. When upgrading, the jumper switch is hit to the "ON" position, that is, the corresponding program voltage is added to the chip, it can be easily upgraded; When you use it, the jumper switch is hit to the "OFF" position to prevent the virus from the CIH class from illegal modification of the BIOS chip. Therefore, there are still many motherboards to use EPROM as a BIOS chip and as a big feature of their motherboard.
Flash ROM belongs to a real single voltage chip, which is very similar to EPROM, so some books will use Flash ROM as an EPROM. In fact, there are still differences. Flash ROM is also an erased, but also performs a dedicated refresh program, but when deleting the information, it is not based on byte, but in the minimum unit of Sector (also known as block), the size of the sector is different with the manufacturer. Different; only when writing, by BYTE is the minimum unit; the read and write operations of the Flash ROM chip are performed under a single voltage, no need to jumper, only use a private program to easily modify its content The Flash ROM storage capacity is generally greater than EPROM, about 512K to 8M kbit, due to mass production, price is also suitable, it is suitable for storage code, has gradually replaced EPROM, widely used for the motherboard ROM, is also the main goal of CIH attacks. Q: How do I determine that my motherboard BIOS is a built-in BIOS?
A: Very simple, open the chassis, unveil on the BIOS chip (generally 28 or 32-legged two-column integrated integrated circuit, which is labeled as a seal of the BIOS manufacturer), you can see the chip Model. In the control, you can determine if there is a barrible BIOS in the system.
AM29F010: AMD 5 volts Flash ROM
AM28F010, AM28F010A: AMD 12 volts Flash ROM
AT28C010, AT28MC010, AT29C010, AT29LC010, AT29MC010: ATMEL 5 volts Flash ROM
CAT28F010V5, CAT28F010V5I: Catalyst 5 volts Flash ROM
CAT28F010, CAT28F010i: Catalyst 12 volts Flash ROM
28F010: Fujitsu (Fujitsu) 12 volts Flash ROM or ISSI 12 volts Flash ROM
HN58C1000: Hitachi (Toshiba) 5 volts Flash Rom
HN28F101, HN29C010, HN29C010B, HN58C1001, HN58V1001: Hitachi (Toshiba) 12 volts Flash ROM
A28F010, 28F001BX-B, 28F001BX-T, 28F010: Intel 12 volts Flash ROM
M5M28F101FP, M5M28F101P, M5M28F101RV, M5M28F101VP: Mitsubishi 12 volts Flash ROM
MX28F1000: MXIC 12 volts Flash ROM
MSM28F101: OKI 12 volts Flash ROM
KM29C010: Samsung 5 volts Flash ROM
DQ28C010, DYM28C010, DQM28C010A: SEEQ 5 volts Flash ROM
DQ47F010, DQ48F010: SEEQ 12 volts Flash ROM
M28F010, M28F1001: SGS-Thomson 12 volts Flash ROM
28EE011, 29EE010: SST 5 volts Flash ROM
PH29EE010: SST 5 volts Flash ROM
TMS29F010: Texas-Instr 5 volts Flash Romtms28f010: Texas-Instr 12 volts Flash ROM
W29EE011: WinBond 5 volts Flash ROM
W27F010: WinBond 12 volts Flash ROM
X28c010, x28c010i, xm28c010, xm28c010i: xicor 5 volts Flash ROM
29LVXXX - 3V Flash ROM (less)
28cxxx - EEPROM, similar to flash ROM
27cxxx: read-only, write ROM at once.
The above Flash ROM and EEPROM are the ROMs that can be upgraded, and the alphabet of the other model is not 28 or 29, may be ordinary ROM.
BIOS Q & A 4
Q: Where did you download high versions of BIOS?
A:
A, BIOS update data related to major motherboard vendors
Abit (ABIT)
http://www.abit.com.tw/
Peking University Electronics (ABILITY)
http://www.ability-tw.com/
Acer
http://www.acer.com
Sancheng Technology (ACHITEC)
http://www.achitec.com.tw/
ACMA
http://www.acma.com/
Advantech
http://www.advantech.com/
ADDONICS
http://www.addonics.com.cn/techsup.htm
Zhongyu Technology (AMAX)
http://www.amax.com.cn/
Flag (AIR)
http://www.airwebs.com/download.html
European (Allways)
http://www.allways.com
Amaquest
http://www.amaquest.com.tw
amptron
http://www.amptron.com/
Aopen
http://www.aopen.com.tw/
ASUS
http://www.asus.com.tw/
ASK Technology
http://www.ask.com.hk/
Zhongling (Atrend)
http://www.a-trend.com/
A-win
http://www.a-win.com.tw/
Biostar
http://www.biostar.com.tw/
BOSER
http://www.boser.com.tw/
BCMCOM
http://www.bcmcom.com/tech/tech.htm
BRAVOBABY
http://www.bravobaby.com.tw
Carry out
http://www.chaintech.com.tw/
Compaq (Compaq)
Www.compaq.com
Girge
http://www.catery.com.tw
Clevo
http://www.clevo.com.tw/
Chicony
http://www.chicony.com.tw/
Premiopc
http://support.premiopc.com/bios.htm
Innovation (CREATIVE)
Http: // www. -ASia.com/china Lianxun (DataExpert)
http://www.dataexpert.com.tw/
Diamond (DFI)
http://www.dfi.com.tw/
Delta (Delta)
http://pc.delta.com.tw/download/download_e.html
Chuanghong (DTK)
http://www.dtk.com.tw/
Daewoo
http://www.daewooComputer.com.br/
Golden Eagle
http://www.espco.com/
Elite (ECS)
Http://www.ecs.com.
英 (EPOX)
http://www.epox.com.tw/
Yi Hua (EFA)
http://www.efa.com.tw/
Elonex
http://www.elonex.co.uk
ENPC
http://www.enpc.com.tw/enpcbios.htm
Ennyah
http://www.ennyah.com.tw/driver.html
Can Kun (EUPA)
http://www.eupacomputer.com
Volkswagen (FIC)
http://www.fic.com.tw/
Fu Yang (FYI)
http://www.fyi.com.tw/
Fugu
http://www.fugu.com.tw
NFIC
http://www.nfic.com.tw/
Fu Lian (Redfox)
http://www.redfox.com.tw
Gigabyte
http://www.gigabyte.com.tw/
Fu Fu (GVC)
Www.gvc.com.tw
GCTTECH
http://www.gcttech.com/home.htm
Zaapa
http://www.zaapa.com/
Gainwar
http://www.gainward.com/oem.htm
gemlight
http://www.gemlight.com.hk/
HIGHTECH
http://www.hightech.com.hk
Ho Xin
http://www.spacewalker.com/
Intel (Intel)
http://www.intel.com/
艾 崴 (iWill)
http://www.iwill.com.tw/
Inventec
http://www.inventec.com.tw/
ICP
http://www.icpacquire.com.tw
JBOUND
http://www.jbond.com/
Jetway
http://www.jetway.com.tw/
Jie An (JDR)
http://www.2themax.com/
Jamicon
http://www.jamicon.com.tw/
Jetta
http://www.jetta.com/
Kamei
http://www.jamicon.com.tw/
KF-KINPO
http://www.kinpo.com.tw/
Kapok
Http://www.kapok.com.tw/
LEADTEK
Http://www.leadtek.com.tw/ Lenovo (Legend)
http://www.qdi.com
Lucky Star
http://www.lucky-star.com.tw/
Mitac
http://mitac.mic.com.tw/
MEGASTAR
http://megastar.kamtronic.com/
Matsonic
http://www.matsonic.com.tw
MSI (MSI)
http://www.msi.com.tw/
Myken (MyComp)
http://www.mycomp.com.tw/
Micronics
http://www.micronics.com/
Mida (MIDA)
Http://www.mida.com.cn/
Magic Pro
http://www.magic-pro.com.hk/
Mikoics
http://www.micronics.com
Mustek
http://www.mustek.com/
NEXCOM
http://www.nexcom.com.tw.
NEW Media NMC-PE
http://www.nmc-pe.com/main.htm
Octek
http://www.oceanhk.com/
Omega (Omega)
http://www.cnomega.com/
Unicorn
http://www.pcchips.com/
英 (EPOX)
http://www.unika.com.cn/
Songssee (PINE)
http://www.pine-tech.com/
PROCOMP
http://www.procomp.com.com.tw/
PCPartner
http://www.pcpartner.com/bios/s7bios.htm
Lenovo (QDI)
http://www.qdigrp.com/
Redfox
http://www.redfox.com.tw
Xinwei (MTECH)
http://www.rise.com.tw
RECTRON
http://www.rectron.co.za
Softek
http://www.soltek.com.tw/
Mei Jie (Soyo)
http://www.soyo.com.tw/
SuperPower
http://www.superpower.com.tw/
Soviet (SOWAH)
http://www.sowah.com/
Huttle
http://www.spacewalker.com/
TEKAM
http://www.tekram.com/
Guotong (TOPSTAR)
http://www.topstar1.com
Totem
http://www.totem.com.tw/
Start
http://www.triplex.com.tw/
Tongwei (T &W)
http://www.twsz.com
Taan http://www.tyan.com/
TRANSCEND
http://www.transcend.com.tw
Unicorn
http://www.unicorn-computer.com.tw
USI
http://www.usi.com.tw/
Flag (AIR)
http://www.interpromicro.com
Wei Shi (VST)
http://www.vst.com.hk/
VISIONTOP
http://www.visiontop.com.tw/
Golden Eagle (PCPartner)
http://www.pcpartner.com.hk/index.htm
Toou (Win TAC)
http://www.wintac.com.tw/
Wensonic
http://www.wensonic.com/
Winco
http://www.winco.com.tw/technical.htm
Welljoin
http://www.welljoin.com/
WARPSPEEDINC
http://www.warpspeedinc.com
ARIMA
http://www.arimacorp.com/
佰 钰 (A-CORP)
http://www.acorp.com.tw/bios.htm
New public (NFIC)
http://www.formosa21.com.cn
Zeling
http://www.zeling.com/
Tomato
http://www.zida.com Zida
zaapa
http://www.zaapa.com/
Three emperors
http://www.qinzhong.com.cn/
Mercedes
http://www.chinaparadise.com/
Tianhong (Unirar)
http://www.uniark.com.cn
Wen Hong
http://www.zcp.com.tw
Outter
http://www.weaa-grup.com
Yaron Emperor
http://www.atila.com.cn/index.htm
Thai Star Technology
http://www.techthink.com/
Perset
Http://www.mida.com.cn/
Samsung
Http://www.usa.samsungsemi.com/products/browse/sdramcomp.htm
British group (BTC)
http://www.btc.com.tw/btc/index.html
Quanta
http://www.seethru.com.cn
Golden Great Wall
Http://202.96.161.212/
Square
http://www.csic.founderpku.com/
ZHAO STAR
http://www.star.com.cn/
East China Sea
http://www.dh.com.cn/
Hisense
http://www.hisenseComputer.com/
wave()
http://www.langchao.com.cn/
TCL
http://202.104.205.69/dnsj/
Tulip
http://www.tulip.com/
B, major BIOS production company website
Award BIOS (US) (USA)
http://www.award.com/)
Award BIOS (Taiwan) (Taiwan)
http://www.award.com.tw/)
Award Technology Advisory Center (email: support@Unicore.com) AMI BIOS (
http://www.amibios.com/)
Microid study (
http://www.mrbios.com/)
Micro Firmware, develop and release Phoenix BIOS and upgrade BIOS data files (
http://www.firmware.com/)
Phoenix BIOS Company (
http://www.phoenix.com/)
Unicore: Provides BIOS upgrade data files (Award BIOS only)
http://www.Unicore.com/)
Q: How to back up the BIOS file
A: Start the computer, when the self-test is started, press F8 to call up the boot selection menu, select "Safe Mode Command Prompt Only" to enter the pure DOS mode. Run the refresh program awdflash.exe, a graphical interface, prompt you to enter a new BIOS file name (upgrade file), if you don't want to upgrade the BIOS, you can not enter, after pressing Enter, the program prompts whether to save the original file, choose " Y ", the upgrade program detection screen will prompt you to enter the file name, which is the file name of the backup, and enter a file name to save. The program then ask if you want to upgrade the BIOS, answer "N", exit the refresh program.
BIOS Q & A 5
Q: What should I do if the name of the motherboard doesn't know?
A: We can view the labels on the motherboard by looking at the motherboard box and manual, see the name and model of the main board to see the boot screen. Many motherboards are marked with vendor signs and product models. Some will marks the manufacturer's logo on the heat sink of the chip, but some of the other locations on the motherboard; when the system detects the PAUSE / BREAK key on the keyboard, so The system's detection process will be suspended. Usually, the first row (or the front two line) on the screen is the relevant information of the BIOS, and it is possible to find the name of the BIOS's product company name, motherboard model and BIOS current version used; at this time, from the BIOS-ID from the motherboard You can get information about the motherboard BIOS.
Some test software popular on the Internet, like CTBIOsp.exe, can better measure the type of motherboard, manufacturer, Award Bios version of the version of the BIOS and even the BIOS download URL; Amimbid.exe file can measure the version of the BIOS using AMI and The model of the motherboard. The BIOS Wizard software provided by Award can measure related data such as the chipset type of the motherboard, and can register the BIOS of this machine online. But all of these test software has a common feature that may not identify newly produced hardware types, sometimes incorrectly classified.
Sometimes, the markings on the motherboard are not comprehensive, but we can search for information about the motherboard according to some of the spider marts on the motherboard.
Since the upgrade BIOS requires very strict, the model specification must be completely corresponding. If you make a wrong motherboard type or the upgrade program has problems, the consequences will be very serious, so it is particularly careful.
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Q: What is BIOS-ID, what is it used?
A: Upgrade BIOS is a more dangerous thing, especially needs to be considered which manufacturers are provided, otherwise it is wrong to cause the machine to be unable to start. The most accurate way to identify BIOS is to identify the BIOS ID, that is, as long as the BIOS ID is the same motherboard, its BIOS program is universal. Take the Award's BIOS as an example, introduce how to record your BIOS ID and discover the information about the motherboard:
1. Turn on the computer;
2. Award Modular BIOS will appear on the upper left corner of the screen (this is not the version number of the system BIOS), press the PAUSE button during memory detection;
3, check the bottom of the screen, there is a series of numbers with letters, such as: 10/16/97-i430TX-Ali513x-2A59IF3BC-00.
The "2A59IF3BC" is the so-called BIOS-ID, "2A59i" is especially important for the chipset type used by the motherboard, and the 6th, 7th characters are particularly important. It is the code information of hardware vendors, such as above. "F3" in the symbol sequence, represents the "FYI (Fu Yang) series motherboard.
In addition, AMI BIOS, Intel motherboard, ACER motherboard, ASUS motherboard have its own BIOS-ID.
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Q: How do I know if the downloaded BIOS program matches her motherboard?
A: modbin.exe is a software that modifies the text of the BIOS in Award. It can display the BIOS-ID of the BIOS file. We can use it to determine if the found BIOS file is correct. The basis of judgment is that the BIOS-ID of the BIOS file of the same motherboard must be the same, so we must first record the BIOS-ID code of this machine; then download the BIOS upgrade file corresponding to your motherboard, if you are Compressed file, you have to decompress the compressed file to get the upgrade file we need; start the Modbin software to read the BIOS-ID of the download file, if the comparison is correct, you will find it. The BIOS file is correct.
Find the correct BIOS upgrade file, then cooperate with the correct upgrade method, you can guarantee that the security is not incorrectly upgraded.
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Q: What should I do if I have prompted "Insufficient Memory" when upgrading Award Bios?
A: The main reason is that the regular memory is insufficient, the solution and the step are:
a. In the setting of the "Chipset Features" of the BIOS, set "Video Bios Cacheable to Disable. After storage, exit.
c. Restart, press CTRL F5 when "Windows Starting" appears, so that DRVSPACE.BIN is not loaded, the memory space of approximately 108K is saved.
d. After the upgrade is over, you must enter the setting of the "Chipset Features" of the BIOS, reset "Video Bios Cacheable" to Enable, and exit after storage. -------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------
Q: Why is BIOS easy to damage?
A: CIH is a malignant virus that can destroy "computer hardware". Once it seizes, in addition to the data in the drive, the data in the BIOS chip will be emptied, resulting in no response after booting.
The voltage is unstable or the power supply is not good, so that the output voltage has a spike pulse, which will cause the BIOS chip hardware damage.
The main board BIOS is not properly protected. Since the chip of the single voltage has a tendency to replace the two-voltage chip, the function of the single voltage BIOS chip protective virus is extremely weak, and most motherboards do not take corresponding measures to prevent BIOS damage.
In the process of refreshing the BIOS, some unexpected things may result in refresh failure to cause BIOS damage. Below is the reason for several most common refresh failures:
1. When writing to the BIOS process: Unless you have UPS on your machine, you will choose the time that the BIOS refresh is generally not casually powered off.
2. File damage: Files are damaged during compression or transmission, especially downloaded files, this situation occurs, so be sure to download the motherboard manufacturer's website or big drive site. However, most of the damaged BIOS file cannot be detected by refreshing software, this is not too worried.
3. Upgrade file error: This situation is usually inadvertent, ie BIOS, which is misused, other brands or other model motherboards. Since the current refresh software typically detects the hardware, there is not much case of truly consequences.
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Q: What questions should you pay attention to upgrading BIOS?
A: Upgrading the BIOS is not complicated, as long as you do it, you should not have problems, but you must pay attention to the following points in the upgrade process:
1. Be sure to under the pure DOS environment (that is, no configuration and driver).
2, be sure to use the BIOS upgrade file with your motherboard (although theoretically, as long as the chipset, the BIOS upgrade file can be universal, but because the chipset motherboard may expand some auxiliary plus function, some side effects may be generated. So use the original BIOS upgrade file as much as possible.)
3, the BIOS refresh program must match. Upgrade BIOS requires the BIOS refresh program and the latest data files for the BIOS, and the refresh is responsible for writing the data file into the BIOS chip. Generally, the original BIOS program upgrade file and the refresh program are supported, so it is best to download. Here is a different BIOS refresh program:
AWDFLASH.EXE (for Award BIOS); Amiflash.exe (for AMI BIOS); PHFLASH.EXE (for Phoenix BIOS). In addition, different manufacturers' BIOS files, the extension of their files is also different, and the file name of the Award BIOS is generally * .bin, the file name of the AMI BIOS is generally * .rom.
4. Some newspapers recommendations on the floppy disk, because the reliability of the floppy is not as good as the hard disk, if the data can not be read or only half of the upgrade process, it will cause the upgrade failure, so it is best to do upgrade operations on the hard disk.
5. Be sure to make a backup before the upgrade, so if the upgrade is unsuccessful, then there is also a hope for recovery. 6. When upgrading the BiOS boot block, the default value for the high version of the refresh program is not to write the Boot Block block.
7. Some motherboard manufacturers provide their own upgrade software programs (generally can't copy), pay attention to set the "System Bios Cache" option to Disabled before the upgrade.
8. If there is no power failure or halfway during writing, if there is conditional, use the UPS power to prevent it.
BIOS Q & A 6
Q: Can you upgrade BIOS under Windows?
A: Conventional BIOS refresh programs must be run in pure DOS mode, and running requires that the system cannot load other memory resident processes. Since Windows 2000 and Windows Me have been canceled MS-DOS mode, in this case, the traditional upgrade method will be extremely inconvenient.
Gigabyte developed @BIOS FLASHER program to upgrade the BIOS of Gigabyte board under Windows, with it, we can also upgrade to other motherboard BIOS.
@BIOS FLASHER program automatically detects the BIOS chip type, voltage, capacity, and version number of the motherboard. For some models of Gigabyte motherboard, it supports network online upgrade.
Because @BIOS FLASHER does not support the online upgrade of non-skills, it is necessary to refresh the BIOS of the non-Jiajia motherboard. You have to go to the motherboard site to download the latest BIOS file. The setup of the BIOS written to "Disable" is set to "disable" in the setup program. Click the "Update New Bios" button and select the BIOS file to refresh in the pop-up window, and then click the button on the pop-up message box to automatically update the BIOS.
The entire operation is performed under Windows, and the last time is about 10 seconds. After the update is completed, the program pops up the message box, prompting the upgrade to success, and request to restart the computer.
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Q: How to protect BIOS not destroy?
A: The motherboard with BIOS protection is used. Currently, this type of motherboard is more, for example, Lenovo motherboard's invincible lock function, the two BIOS function, Intel810, 815 motherboard BIOS BOOT block technology, Boden motherboard AIR BUS technology, etc., can effectively protect the BIOS.
If you have condition, you can write a backup BIOS file into a new chip, make a hard backup (the ROM type is not limited) to make sure. The BIOS placed in the drawer is definitely more reliable than putting the backup sheet on the motherboard! This way we can use backups of BIOS when the BIOS of the motherboard is completely destroyed. Some brands of manufacturers in the market have given a backup BIOS chip with the motherboard.
For motherboards using the EEPROM chip, in the usual state, the upgrade jumper ( 12V voltage end) is set to "OFF", so that the 12V on the motherboard is detached from the chip corresponding to the chip to prevent virus damage or Inadvertently rewritten BIOS. For Flash ROM, detach the WE # foot of the chip, which is only a good way to read only the BIOS chip.
It is diligent to kill, keep a clean working environment.
-------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------ q: How is the BIOS program in the motherboard Flash ROM is destroyed?
A: The PC is now commonly used, and the upgraded BIOS chip mainly has an EEPROM chip (such as Intel's 28f001BX) and Flash ROM chip (29c020, such as WinBond). The EEPROM represented by Intel's 28f001bx first proposes the concept of Boot Block, on this chip, stored data in blocks, where boot block is a special block, which is mainly used to save a minimized BIOS , Used to initiate the most basic system. When the data within the other blocks in the EEPROM is destroyed, as long as the program within the Boot block is in good condition, this basic BIOS program can be used to initiate a minimized system, this minimization system supports the read of the floppy disk. Write, ISA graphics card, and keyboard input so that we have the opportunity to use floppy disk to re-build data in the EEPROM. On the EEPROM chip, when programming the chip, you need to add 12V VPP programming voltage; the rewrite of the Boot Block block also needs to add 12V voltage. So, the EEPROM chip is used as the motherboard of the BIOS chip contains a special upgrade jumper to determine if the Flash ROM chip provides 12V voltage. Only when we need to modify the data in the Boot block in the EEPROM, This jumper is required to provide a 12V voltage. This type of chip has another voltage of 5V voltage, which can be used to maintain the chip. Why is there a very much BIOS that is completely destroyed by the CIH virus?
The first case is that the 12V jumper on the motherboard is in a short state, that is, the EEPROM chip has 12V voltage, this situation is due to the cause of the main board manufacturer (the factory setting of some motherboards, the setting of the voltage The line is in a short state), some are caused by the user's accident, or simply don't know at all.
The second case is not caused by the user, but by the manufacturer, here involves a more complex problem, because the Boot Block concept is based on Intel, that is, Intel owns this Patent, which leads to the usual Flash ROM chip from Intel, such as the common Intel 28F001BX chip, 28F002BX chip, has been widely used in the 810,815 motherboard. I82802AB chip. Of course, there is no Intel, which can produce ROM chips, like ATMEL, MXIC, SST, WINBOND and other companies can also produce, and can guarantee pin compatibility; and later use Flash ROM chips in the motherboard, this The chip can be rewritten at 5V voltage, and these single 5V chips are caused by BIOS data being completely destroyed.
As for the concept of the BOOT block area block that is still reserved in the current BIOS, it is based on the software Boot Block block, that is, the BIOS still retains the concept of block (this, you can see with CBROM software. ), But the block on the Flash ROM chip structure of W29C020 has been canceled.
-------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------ q: CiH virus is a virus that destroys hardware?
A: Not, I have already understood that in the worst case, this virus is destroyed is only the BIOS program in the Flash ROM, just after the software on the disk is destroyed by the virus, it is only the damage of the data. The floppy dispensing does not have physical damage. So, in the Flash ROM destroyed by CiH virus, it is only overwritten (just like we upgrade), and this rewrite causes the loss of data and the chaos of information, and does not indicate that this Flash ROM chip is physically Damage, if you have a chip write device (programmer, program card), you can also write to the BIOS program in the original Flash ROM.
If the "CIH virus is a virus that destroys the hardware", the entire concept will be reversed, and if the Flash ROM information is rewritten, it is attracted to "destroy hardware", then delete a file on the hard disk, It causes transformation of certain sectors data, or it can also be "physical damage" that is "physical damage" in these sectors of the hard disk?
Speaking of the bottom, mainly, the BIOS storage position, the particularity of the storage medium, and program data, causing the above conceptual error. CiH virus caused us a lot of trouble, which could cause your machine to be unable to start, but it did not have any case where the hardware is destroyed, which is obvious.
Just like the software on the disk is destroyed - the disk is rewritten on other machines; for the repair of the CIH virus destroyed the chip, it is also very simple, get the ROM chip The instrument is overwritten on the instrument.
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Q: How do I use the BIOS's BOOT BLOCK block to repair damaged BIOS?
A: After the BIOS is damaged, we can fix it with various methods, the basis for repairing the upgrade or the BIOS damage caused by the damage of the virus, is not the chip physical damage, but only the Firmware in the chip is rewritten. . We can use the BIOS's Boot-block block to repair damaged BIOS.
Most of the Award BIOS-based motherboards have boot-block blocks (high versions of AMI BIOS), the default value of the refresh program is not overwritten when upgrading the BIOS. Boot-Block blocks only support very basic hardware such as: floppy disk, ISA graphics, etc.
Determine if the Boot-Block module in the Flash ROM has been destroyed, you can carefully observe the reactation of the machine after the boot, if it is black, but the speaker can hear the sound, and the floppy drive also issues a self-test sound, then That shows that the Boot-Block block is good.
Boot-block only supports ISA graphics card, but we can use the "blind operation" method to automatically complete the BIOS recovery work using the Autoexec.bat file. Specific steps are as follows:
1. Format a system disk (because the upgrade BIOS must be in a pure DOS environment, so the system disk except for the system file, there is no other configuration file, such as config.sys.
2. Copy the public BIOS refresh program and the BIOS data file to the system.
3. Establish autoexec.bat in the system disk and join: awdflash xxx.bin / sn /py (xxx.bin is your BIOS data file). The / SN / PY parameter indicates that only the BIOS is only updated. Insert this disk into the machine and restart, the system will "automatically" to update the BIOS, wait another minute, restart, if there is no problem, the system has returned to normal.
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Q: How to repair corrupted chips with BIOS programmers
A: The programmer is also known as the writing, the writing code is dedicated to the use of the ROM chip to read and write, programming instruments. There are a variety of models in the market, most programming can only operate a type of writable ROM chip, if you can only read and write 27 series EPROM, and some can only be 28, The 29 series of electrical erasing ROM performs read and write, and the programmer is limited to the capacity of the programming chip. High-grade programming supported chip types, it is generally self-contained, you can adjust the voltage required by various ROM chips (programming for EPROM, which requires 20 more programs). Artificial intervention, software user interface is easy to learn, and it is relatively convenient to use.
The main chip selection of the programmer, LOAD data, read the data, delete, check, programming, check, etc., after selecting the model of the chip, we only need LOAD upgrade file data, the system will be deleted, Check the order of empty, program, check, write the upgrade file data into the chip. Of course, we can also read the data in the chip and save it into a backup file. It is necessary to prepare for the future.
In fact, use programmers to upgrade, repair BIOS chips, is the safest and reliable approach.
Q: How to fix the BIOS with "hot plug" method
A: The "Hot Plug" method is actually take the motherboard as a writer (programmer) to repair the BIOS, but its operating method is special. The specific method of operation is:
Open your chassis, find the BIOS on the motherboard, unplug the BIOS chip from the outlet, finish the bending pin, then put it back into the holder, be careful not to plug it too tight, as long as to ensure Every pin is just in contact with the tube. After starting the machine, in the case of the host charge, remove the normal BIOS chip, plug in the upgrade fly BIOS chip to the motherboard. Finally, write a correct BIOS version to your BIOS, restart, the machine can work properly.
The previous BIOS refresh program is usually checked if the motherboard is consistent with the BIOS file if the motherboard is consistent with the BIOS file. If the main board is consistent with the BIOS file, the refresh program will refuse to execute. Therefore, the BIOS on the motherboard on different models cannot be repaired with a hot-swap method. High versions of AMI refresh programs, such as the 8.27 version of Amiflash.exe can write to the BIOS file (such as award BIOS file) of other motherboards to the BIOS, which is the best refresh program for hot-swappable.
Repair BIOS with hot-swap method, is in the case of electricity, unplugged chips, then plug in damaged chips, repair it with a refresh program. This approach is extremely dangerous. The reason is very simple. Any component has a certain power limit, and the ROM chip is no exception. When the electric heat-in-ducting device is charged, since the working voltage of each pin is different, the pin can not be plugged in or unplugged during the hot-swap, so it is inevitable in the circuit, and there is a wave of surge voltage and overcurrent. The excessive surge voltage will break through the transistors in the chip, and excessive surge current will cause aluminum film leads in the chip to be blown, resulting in failure of the chip damage. BIOS Q & A 7
Q: Where can I get a BIOS chip?
A: After the BIOS chip is damaged, you can contact the motherboard manufacturer to see if they can provide BIOS chips. Some manufacturers are free. In addition, you can contact a computer company that sells related chips, such as Unicore Software.
http://www.Unicore.com/) or Midco Computers (former RC Systems,
Http://www.midcocomputers.com/), they can provide BIOS chips, because they are all foreign companies, but far water is not unconnected! The domestic BIOS website, and some can provide BIOS chips. To find these companies, you can go to search engines such as Chinese Yahoo, enter the BIOS keyword, which can usually find these companies or websites.
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Q: How to fix the BIOS of the Intel motherboard?
A: The BIOS chip on the Intel motherboard has a boot-block block. After the BIOS is damaged, we can fix the BIOS in the following method.
1. Press Intel's motherboard manual to make a bootable upgrade floppy disk.
2. Place the "Flash Recovery" on the motherboard in the location of the Recovery Mode, put the bootable BIOS upgrade floppy disk, start the machine.
Because the boot-block block without being covered does not support the PCI graphics card, there is no in the screen. You can observe through the thistle and the floppy disk LED. When the machine rang, the LED of the floppy disk is then upgraded to your BIOS. When the LED light of the floppy is off, the recovery has been completed, shut down.
3. Restore the jumper to the default position and restart the repair end.
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Q: What is the enemy lock technology of Lenovo?
A: Invincible locking technology of Lenovo is to protect the BIOS from viral damage or prevent it from rewritten the purpose of rewriting BIOS.
Invincible locking technology consists of three parts, which are the anti-written protection jumper switch JAV on the motherboard, and the soft switch Flash Write Protect built in the BIOS is built into the BIOS in the BIOS PC Cillin.
Wind / Protection Jumper Switch JAV Controls the "Write" pin of the BIOS chip. When it is closed, the BIOS is in writing protection, it is absolutely not rewritten, even if the CIH virus is very large, it cannot switch hardware switches. turn on. Although the upgrade is open, turn off the maintenance and jumper switch is a bit trouble, but it can be exchanged for the safety of the computer, but it is still necessary for trouble, and the frequency of the BIOS upgrade is not very high.
In case for some reason (such as the carelessness of the user), the main board's anti-writing protection jumper switch is not going to write, at which time the soft switch in the BIOS can play a role to prevent BIOS. Rewriting for no reason. In the stepwise state of soft switches, BIOS cannot be rewritten, but DMI can be upgraded. A virus directly attacking BIOS is likely to destroy the anti-write soft switch in the BIOS. In order to overcome this disadvantage, the anti-virus software PC Cillin built into the BIOS came into being. This anti-virus software can be found in real time and kill viruses similar to CIH attack BIOS. In fact, the entire enemy lock technology is defense from several orientations to attack BIOS, protecting the BIOS is not damaged, which is an overall protection system that protects the BIOS at maximized. Of course, the strict protective system may also have a vulnerability to prevent the most basic methods of virus attacks or software such as poisonous software, and must be diligent.
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Q: What should I do if I have a problem with my BIOS and I can't find an upgrade file?
A: You can try to find the main board model, the BIOS producer different BIOS upgrade files, then use CBROM.exe to read the upgrade module in the BIOS, write to your own BIOS file. For example, your BIOS cannot recognize the new CPU, we can find a BIOS upgrade file for other manufacturers, read it with CBROM.exe, read this BIOS, and write into your BIOS You can identify a new CPU.
This operation also has considerable hazards, only for advanced users, in addition, before operation, backup to the BIOS.
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Q: Why don't I upgrade files in Award or AMI?
A: A: Award and AMI provide a specific motherboard manufacturer that meets the BIOS upgrade files that meet specific motherboards and chipsets, and then producers to make final modifications and optimizations for these BIOS files again with the tools provided by Award / AMI.
That is, the manufacturer knows the motherboard than Award / AMI to provide a better BIOS upgrade.
Note:
Http://www.award.com.tw/download/bios/ includes a multi-motherboard such as Ali, Cyrix, Intel, Opti, SIS, and VIA BIOS upgrade files. However, you'd better find an upgrade file in the motherboard manufacturer's own web page. If you have not, come here to download.
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Q: Where can I find my BIOS technical help?
A: On your motherboard website (if any), there is a problem to generate an email to them.
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Q: How to save the setting of the BIOS
A: After the BIOS is set, the system is saved in the CMOS circuit of the motherboard. In fact, because the data loss or damage caused by the CMOS, we have long been uncommon, and the most often occurring because the CMOS's supply battery voltage is lowered or damaged, resulting in the loss of data in the CMOS. Usually we are all reset, but if the original setting is complicated, even some projects need to be tested to determine, then the computer wants to recover the original data, I am not a very easy thing. Disk rescue function in Norton Utilities can save data in CMOS into a file; the domestic common anti-virus software KV300 has this function.
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Q: How to restore the factory value of BIOS in Debug?
A: For AMI / Award BIOS:
C: / debug (under pure DOS, not Windows DOS window)
-O 70 17
-O 71 17
Qi
For Phoenix BIOS:
C: / debug (under pure DOS, not Windows DOS window)
-O 70 ff
-O 71 17
Qi
BIOS Q & A 8
Q: My password forgot, I heard that BIOS has a password, can you tell me?
A:
1. For Award BIOS:
Try the following password: award_sw, J262, HLT, Ser, SKY_FOX, BIOSTAR, ALFAROME, LKWPETER, J256, AWARD? SW, LKWPETER, SYXZ, Ally, 589589, 589721, awkward, concat
You can also download the related crack program online.
2, targeting AMI BIOS:
Try the following password: AMI, BIOS, PASSWORD, HEWITT RAND, AMI? SW, AMI_SW, LKWPETER, A.M.I.
You can also download the related crack program online.
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Q: How to use hardware methods to release CMOS passwords?
A: The so-called hardware method releases the CMOS password, which refers to the CMOS chip to discharge data in the CMOS (of course, including the Bios password). According to the different motherboards, there are several ways:
Jumper Short Connection / DIP Switch
This is the simplest hardware release method, because most motherboards are provided with "jumpers" to directly clear the "BIOS's various information".
The general motherboard has a "cmos reset" jumper near the backup battery. Disconnect the computer's power, open the chassis, follow the instructions on the motherboard manual to find it, and remove the two foots shorter seconds, you can clear the password. Some motherboards also require the power to completely clear the CMOS content in the discharge, and the specific practices should refer to the description of the board instructions.
After clearing the password, you should remember to return the jumper or switch to the normal state, otherwise the computer may not be able to start or even damage the machine.
In some original brands, there is also the same way to the DIP switch to the ON in some original brands, and the position of the CMOS switch to the ON is the same.
Quick short
If there is no CMOS RESET jumper on the motherboard, or if you cannot find the jumper position, you can turn off the host power supply, open the chassis, find the ground line on the motherboard board (the chassis itself is connected to the ground) and the CMOS chip The position is grounded at one end of a wire, and the other end quickly and uniformly across the Pin of the CMOS chip, it can be discharged. For the anti-leakage, it is best to draw more. -------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------
Q: What is the hardware detection system on the motherboard?
A: Elite, MSI, Yan Ying and other motherboards integrated hardware detection system, when the computer is turned on, if some parts have failed, the hardware detection system reads the corresponding Post Code, after decoding, by decoding The light-emitting diode on the motherboard is displayed, depending on the fault code, the user can quickly determine the position and cause of the motherboard failure.
The working principle of the hardware detection system is actually very simple. Each manufacturer's BIOS, whether it is award, ami or phoenix, there is a so-called post code, that is, the self-detection code, when BIOS is going to perform a test action, First write the post code to the 80H address, if the test is complete, write the next Post Code, so if an error or crash occurs, according to the POST CODE value of the 80h address, you can understand where it is. The role of the hardware detection system is to read the POST CODE within the 80H address and decode the decoder, and finally displayed by the digital tube. This allows the problem that the problem can be judged in the part of the hardware through the 16-coded code displayed on the digital tube, without having to rely on the computer motherboard to a monotonous warning sound to roughly determine the hardware error. Through it, it is known that the hardware detection is not passed by memory or CPU, or other hardware, it is convenient to solve the tricky motherboard problem. In this kind of push, it can also determine which one of the overclocking limits the hardware is, and it is targeted, and it is worry-free.
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Q: What is the double bios on the motherboard? What is it used?
A: Double BIOS technology is the most important development of the motherboard manufacturer of the motherboard BIOS is both very important and easy to damage, in which the Dual BIOS technology proposed by Gigabyte Technology is most famous. The Gigabyte BX2000 motherboard has a Dual BIOS, its design idea is to install two BIOS chips on the motherboard, a master BIOS, another as a backup of the main BIOS, serve as the primary BIOS. Each time you start the machine, the system will automatically check the status of the master BIOS. If the primary BIOS content is not damaged, use the backup BIOS to re-write the main BIOS, make sure the main BIOS is normal, and if you can't fix it, you will start from the backup BIOS. It is not difficult to understand that the double BIOS technology can always be used to repair a BIOS to repair a damaged BIOS, so that the BIOS is not damaged, the computer is not causing the BIOS by the virus by CIH.
In addition, in a dual bios technology, there is also a "Safebios" technology of MSI. For Gigabyte's two-chip technology, MSI stresses that it is not necessary to have two BIOS to effectively solve the BIOS protection problem. It is a 4MB BIOS that is doubled in the motherboard than the ordinary motherboard. This BIOS is divided into two sections. Open area, if the data in the power-on area is damaged, the BIOS of another district will be started, and the BIOS of the damaged area can be automatically repaired, which can also be seen as a double BIOS technology, but this technology is safe. Lower, once the chip is damaged, it will cause the double BIOS system to be destroyed. To this end, Boden has put forward a very different solution, the company launched the first portable BIOS - Air Bus, built a BIOS chip on a small card, if the BIOS on the motherboard is damaged by viral, you can The card is inserted into the board on the motherboard, and the BIOS on this card is started and the BIOS on the motherboard is automatically repaired. At present, Double BIOS has developed to the second generation. Its outstanding representative is to carry the Twin Bios technology. It not only contains all the features of the first generation of double BIOS, but also provides effective BIOS security protection, with the CIH virus invading; and the first Double BIOS can be independently set for different requirements, so that the dual BIOS technology has high flexibility and becomes a real dual BIOS system.
In addition, double BIOS components have also appeared in the market, using dual BIOS components, you can easily establish a double BIOS system on a normal motherboard, and enjoy the convenience of double BIOS technology.
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Q: How to replace the EPA screen when the Award BIOS starts?
A:
A, first, have a BIOS data file (* .bin). This file can be a backup file of the motherboard BIOS, or it can be downloaded directly from the Internet. To confirm that the file is corresponding to your motherboard.
B, to
Http://www.flazh.de/ Download BMPToEPA software, BMPToEPA is a free software, running under Windows 9x, can convert BMP files to EPA.
c. After you have the EPA file you need, you'll find the dedicated software CBrom.exe or CBrom6.exe, which can put the EPA file in the * .bin file, format: CBROM * .bin / EPA EPA.EPA (*. BIN is the BIOS data file, EPA.EPA is a good EPA file). CBROM.exe is suitable for Award V4.51, while CBROM6.exe is available for Award V6.0.
D, upgrade BIOS, restart after upgrading, you can see that the EPA icon has become our own production.
EE, if the original EPA icon in the BIOS is BMP format, then the operation is more simple, we can replace a new BMP icon directly in the original EPA icon in the BIOS with CBROM.
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Q: I want to modify the EPA icon in my own BIOS. What questions should you pay attention to?
A: The above operation method is against the BIOS of Award, so your BIOS must be Award products; your motherboard supports the BIOS upgrade and you have opened the upgrade jumper; you will use the upgrade software awdflash; you want to In case the upgrade failed to make mental preparation! -------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------
Q: Can you separate the EPA icon in the BIOS file, is the logo file?
A: Yes, enter the CBROM ***. BIN / EPA Extract, you can enter a file name. Similarly, you should separate the full screen boot screen, use the CBROM ***. Bin / logo extract command, if your BIOS has this file.
BIOS Q & A 9
Q: What should I do with the file name behind the EPA Pattern item as seen with CBROM?
A: In general, it can be held in the EPA format. After many experiments, there is no problem. At the same time, it is found that BIOS in BMP format will support the EPA format.
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Q: Why use CBROM ***. BIN / D see a lot of chaos?
A: This is because the version of CBROM.exe is too low. 1.30 version of CBROM.exe does not support the BIOS of Award 6.0, use it to see the BIOS of Award 6.0, seeing a bunch of garbled. Now the highest version of CBROM.exe is version 2.08, it supports the BIOS of Award 6.0.
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Q: I use the icon in the EPA format in my BIOS file. Can I join the full screen BMP logo graphics?
A: Practice tells us that it is not possible, although you can use the logo parameter to write the BMP file into the bin file, but it is unresponsible when booting, just like you have not done it. As for forced writing, there will be no other side effects, it is not known.
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Q: Why do I use the EPATOBMP tool to convert the BMP format file Tip: 2564 Bytes Wrong?
A: Please pay attention, if you press the monochrome BMP graphic file drawn in 136 * 126, its standard size is 2582 bytes, if you are not, it should be a problem with the picture software, or your graphics is not single Colored. The EpatobMP tool supports 136 * 126 or 136 * 84 size monochrome BMP files, the size of the two is 2582 bytes and 1742 bytes.
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Q: I want to increase the full screen picture like the brand when I have a brand, but write the BMP, or no response.
A: If the BMP file written in 16 colors is unsuccessful, it should generally be related to the size of the Flash ROM, after all, they have 1m and 2m. So it is best to see if your BIOS is 2M, if so, the success chance is big. There is also the BMP file format problem. From the latest information, the BMP file in some brands is not a graphic file in a BMP format, but a binary unknown format file. At this time, writing in BMP format is not successful. -------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------
Q: What should I do when I write BMP files?
A: This is a common problem that typically occurs in 1m BIOS. You can remove some of the BIOS files in the BIOS file (such as the AWDFLASH.EXE inside), and then write. If you want to convert 1m chip to 2M, it is unrealistic, mainly to use 1M capacity BIOS motherboard does not support 2M capacity BIOS chip.
