Disk management overview
Disk management programs are system utilities for managing their hard drives and volumes, or partitions. By disk management, you can create volumes, format, initialize disks, and create a failed disk system using file systems. "Disk Management" replaces the "Disk Manager" utility used in Windows NT 4.0 and earlier, which provides many new features, including:
Dynamic disk. With dynamic disks, you can complete administrative tasks without shutting down your system or interrupt user operation. For example, you can create a volume, extended volume, or a mirror image of the volume, extended volume, or production volume without restarting the system. You can also add new disks without restarting. Most configuration changes almost right away.
Local and network drive management. You can manage any other network to run Windows 2000 or Windows NT 4.0 on any other network on any Windows 2000 computer on your web and your administrator's computer.
Simplified tasks and intuitive user interfaces. Disk Management Program is easy to use. Right-click on the menu to display the task that can be performed on the selected object, and the wizard guides you to create partitions or volumes and initialization or upgrade disks.
Loaded drive. You can use "Disk Management" to connect or load your local drive in any empty folder on your local NTFS volume. Loading the drive makes the data more easily and provides you with the flexibility of managing data storage based on your network environment and system usage.
Volume and partition
On a dynamic disk, the storage area is divided into a volume rather than a partition. You can upgrade from the basic memory to the dynamic memory at any time. When upgrading to a dynamic memory, existing partitions will be converted into a volume
Upgrade basic disk to dynamic disks
Any disk to be upgraded must contain at least 1 MB of free space at the end of the disk to enable the upgrade. When creating a partition or volume on a disk, the Disk Management program automatically retains this available space, but the disks with other operating systems created partitions or volumes may not have this available space.
Turn off any program running on these disks before upgrading the disk.
When you upgrade the basic disk to a dynamic disk, any existing partition on the basic disk will become (dynamically) simple volume. Dynamic volume cannot be changed back to the partition. Any existing mirror volume (mirror set), zone volume (zone set), RAID-5 volume (with parity zone set) or cross-zone volume (volume set) becomes a dynamic mirror volume, respectively. With regional volume, RAID-5 volume or cross-zone volume.
After the upgrade, the dynamic disk cannot contain partition or logical drives, and cannot be accessed by MS-DOS and other Windows operating systems other than Windows 2000.
Removable media. You cannot upgrade the removable vehicle equipment to a dynamic volume. Removable media devices contain only the primary partition.
Volumes across multiple disks. If the basic disk contains any volume resides in multiple disks (such as mirror volume, band volume, cross-zone or RAID-5 volume), you must also upgrade all other disks containing these volumes. If otherwise such disks contain other volumes residing in multiple disks, you must also upgrade all disks containing some parts of these volumes. You must upgrade all of these disks together. Each of these disks must have at least 1 MB of unallocated space at the end of the disk, otherwise the upgrade will fail. (If you don't see in the Disk Management program, this space will exist.)
The sector is over 512 bytes of disk. If the disk's sector size exceeds 512 bytes, the basic disk cannot be upgraded to a dynamic disk.
Reinstalling Windows 2000 Only after this volume is upgraded from the basic volume, you can make a new installation of Windows 2000 on dynamic volumes. (Upgrade the basic volume to the dynamic volume will retain partition table information. This information requires the new installation of Windows 2000 on dynamic volumes.)
Guide and system partitioning. You can upgrade basic disks containing system or active partitions to dynamic disks. When the disk is upgraded, these partitions becomes a simple system or active volume (after restarting the computer). You cannot mark an existing dynamic volume as an activity. You can upgrade the basic disk of the boot partition (including the Windows 2000 operating system) to a dynamic disk. After the disk is upgraded, the boot partition becomes a simple boot volume (after restarting the computer). If the disk also includes a cross-regional volume (volume set), a zone volume (band set), mirror volume (mirror set) or RAID-5 volume (with parity zone set with parity), you cannot upgrade the included System or direct partition disk. Upgrade failed. If you upgrade from the boot disk, or the volume or partition in the disk to be upgraded is being used, you must restart your computer to successfully upgrade. If the following occurrence of the following appears, the upgrade after the computer is restarted, the upgrade will fail:
All existing dynamic disks are disconnected when the computer restarts.
The disk or disk group is replaced when the computer restarts. (Disk Manager will detect disk replacement, upgrade failed.)
Change the disk layout of the disk to be upgraded.
Disk I / O errors appear when upgrading.
Mirror boot and system volume. After upgrading the disk containing the boot and system partition to a dynamic disk, you can use the boot and system roll to another dynamic disk. Then, if the disk containing the boot and system volume fails, you can start the computer from the disk that contains these volumes. For more information, see Resolving the Boot Failed Problem.
When upgrading it. After the computer is restarted, the system and boot partition are upgraded to a dynamic volume. All other partitions and basic volumes are upgraded immediately. However, if the partition or basic volume on the disk to be upgraded is being used, an event called "Forced Removal" is generated, which means that any program that uses the volume will be automatically disconnected. If the volume cannot be enforced (for example, there is a page file on the volume), the disk upgrade is only completed after you restart your computer.
Other operating systems. If the partition in the upgrade disk contains the other operating system of the non-current running Windows 2000, then you will not be able to start your computer from the operating system after the upgrade.
Restore is a basic disk. After upgrading the basic disk to a dynamic disk, the dynamic volume cannot be changed back to the partition. All dynamic volumes on the disk must be deleted, and then "Restore to Basic Disk" commands.
Use mirror volume
The mirror volume is a fault-tolerant volume, which copies your data into two physical disks. It provides data redundancy by using the information contained in the volume by using a copy of the volume (mirror). The mirror is located on a different disk. If one of the physical disks fails, the data on the disk will not be used, but the system continues to operate with an unaffected disk. The mirror volume is slower than the RAID-5, but it is fast than it in writing.
In Windows NT 4.0 and its earlier versions, mirror volumes are also known as mirror sets.
By retaining a complete redundant copy on another disk, the mirror volume protects the volume on the disk from a media failure or the possible controller problem. When the mirror volume fails, you must interrupt the mirror volume so that the rest of the volume is a standalone volume with the drive letter. You can then create a new mirror volume using the same or more unused space on another disk.
To create a mirrored volume, create a volume using the available space on another disk. If the second volume is larger, the rest of the space becomes available space. The same drive letter is used for two volumes. Any existing volume (even system volumes and guidance volumes) can use the same or different controller mirror to another volume of the same or larger on other disks. When you create a mirror volume, it is best to use the same size, model, and manufacturers.
The mirror volume has a better overall read and write performance than the RAID-5 volume. The mirror volume is also another advantage over the RAID-5 volume, that is, when many mirror volumes have problems, performance does not lose. Due to fewer use of disk space, it is more expensive to look at the mirror volume according to the dollar spent on each MB. However, since the mirror volume only needs two disks, the RAID-5 volume requires three or more disks, so the import cost of the mirror volume is lower. The mirror volume reduces the opportunity to occur if the mirrored volume is not recoverable. However, since the request between the two volumes is to be balanced, the performance of reading data will be enhanced.
When you want to use space in the mirror volume for other purposes, you must first interrupt the relationship between the mirror volume, and then delete one of the volumes. Interrupt mirror volumes do not delete this information, but first make backups more secure.
If the volume in the mirror volume has an error that cannot be recovered, you need to interrupt the relationship between the mirror volume to use the remaining volume as a separate volume. You can then redistribute some free space on another disk to create a new mirror volume.
Use RAID-5 volumes
The RAID-5 volume is a fault-tolerant roll, and the data and parity values are intermittent with intermittent belt distribution on three or more physical disks. If a part of the physical disk is malfunction, you can recreate the part of the data that has failed on the rest of the data and parity values. In most events consisting of read data, the RAID-5 volume is a good solution to solve data redundancy.
In Windows NT 4.0 and earlier, the RAID-5 volume is called a zone set with parity.
The "Disk Management" program provides limited support for RAID-5 volumes on the basic disk. You can fix, regenerate the parity value of the RAID-5 volume and delete the RAID-5 volume, but cannot create a new RAID-5 volume on the basic disk. You can only create RAID-5 volumes on dynamic disks.
RAID-5 volumes have better read performance than mirror volumes. However, when a part is lost (for example, a disk failure), the read performance is reduced because of the need to use parity information to recover data.
Anyway, for programs that require redundancy and primary use to read operations, it is recommended that this policy takes precedence over the mirror volume. Write performance is reduced due to parity calculations. At the same time, during normal operation, the memory required by the write operation is more than three times the read operation. Further, when the volume is faulty, the read operation requires at least three times or more memory than the failure. Both situations are caused by parity calculations.
Each band of the RAID-5 volume includes a parity block. Therefore, you must use at least three instead of two disks to handle parity information. As shown in the figure below, the parity band area is assigned on all volumes to balance the I / O load.
RAID-5 provides data redundancy only for the volume to provide additional disks. However, compared with the mirror volume, the time to restore the time from the disk failure in the RAID-5 volume.
When you want to recover space in the RAID-5 volume for other purposes, if you want to reuse this message, please confirm that the information is first backed up, then delete the volume.
Disk quota overview
Volume disk quota tracking and control of disk space. System administrators can configure Windows to:
When the user exceeds the specified disk space limit, it prevents further use of disk space and recording events.
Record events when the user exceeds the specified disk space warning level.
When the disk quota is enabled, you can set two values: disk quota limit and disk quota warning level. This limit specifies the disk space capacity that allows the user to use. The warning level specifies the value of the user approaches its quota limit. For example, the user's disk quota limit can be set to 50 MB, and the disk quota warning level is set to 45 MB. In this case, the user can store a file that does not exceed 50 MB on the volume. If the user stores more than 45 MB on the volume, the disk quota system is recorded as a system event. You can specify that the user can exceed its quota limit. If you do not want to reject users to access volumes but want to track the disk space usage of each user, enabling quotas but does not limit disk space usage. It is also possible to specify whether or not the user has to record events regardless of whether the user exceeds the quota warning level or exceeding the quota limit.
When the volume disk quota is enabled, the system automatically tracks the new user volume from that value. However, disk quotas are not applied to existing volume users. The disk space quota is applied to an existing volume user by adding a new quota item in the Quota Project window to an existing volume user.
Quotas can be enabled on local volumes and network volumes, but only enable quotas on volumes from the root of the volume and the volume formatted with the NTFS file system.
note
To support disk quotas, disk volumes must be formatted with NTFS versions in Windows 2000. The NTFS version of the NTFS version used in Windows NT 4.0 will be automatically upgraded by the Windows 2000 installer.
To manage quotas on the volume, you must be a member of the Administrators group on the computer where the drive is located.
If the volume is not formatted with NTFS or you are not a member of the Administrators group on your local computer, the Quota tab will not appear on the property page.
File compression does not affect quota statistics. For example, if User A restricts the 3MB disk space, only 3MB files can be stored, even if the file is compressed.
