The term "distribution" earliest appeared in the United States. In 1921, Achi. Xiao's book in "Some of the Market Distribution" (Some Problem in Market Distribution "" Logistics is a problem with the need to create a problem ", and" transfer the transfer of time or space, Add value ". Here, Market Distribution refers to businessfall; time and space transfer refers to the logistics of the sales process.
In 1918, in 1918, the Lord of the Lord of the Deni Buddha in the UK established "Instant Shipping Co., Ltd.". Its company's aim is to send goods to their wholesalers, retailers, and users throughout the country, which is known as some logistics scholars as the "early literature" of logistics activities. "
In the early 1930s, in the basic textbook on marketing, physical supply such as logistics transportation, material storage, etc., the book defines marketing as "impact product ownership transfer and product Realistic logistics activities. Here, the ownership transfer is the business stream; the real logistics is the logistics. In 1935, the US Sales Association was first defined by logistics: "Physical Distribution is a material data and service contained in sales, and is accompanied by the production ground to consumption."
The above history is more generally considered to be the early stage of logistics. Japan began using logistics in 1964. Before using the logistics, Japan collects the services related to the commodity entity as "circulation technology". In 1956, Japanese Productive Participation was sent to the "Different Technical Special Inspection Group", and 7 people from Yushan, Yushan, Hemoa, Wudda University went to the United States to find out that Japan's previous call "circulation technology" is equivalent to "Physical Distribution". (The content of the physical distribution) has been widely used in accordance with the referred to as the United States, called "P · D ·", "P · D ·" in the United States. In 1964, the Japanese Pool Cabinet in Japan is planned to formulate a group plain to say "P · D ·", "comparable to the" P · D · 'better. "1965 is better." 1965 In the year, Japan officially adopted "Flow" in government documents, referred to as "logistics".
In 1981, the "Logistics Handbook" edited by Japan Comprehensive Research, the expression of "logistics" is: "The physical information from the supplier needs to create time and venue economic activities. From logistics From the perspective, including: packaging, loading, detachment, inventory management, circulation, transportation, delivery, etc. "" my country began to use "logistics" begins in 1979 (some people think that Sun Yat-sen is advocated " Flow ", it can be said that it is my country's" origin of logistics ideas "). In June 1979, the delegation of my country's material workers went to Japan to participate in the 3rd International Logistics Conference and returned to China for the first time in the investigation report and using "logistics". However, there was a small twist at that time, at the time, the business department put forward the "logistics center" problem, some people believe that the word "logistics" comes from Japan, there is a suspicion of Chongyang, and it is changed to establish "storage and transportation center." In fact, storage and transportation is the main body of logistics, but logistics has wider extension. Moreover, logistics is the Chinese, logistics as "real logistics", which is scientific and reasonable and easy to understand. Soon, it is still a "logistics center". In 1988, Taiwan also began using the concept of "logistics". In April 1989, the 8th International Logistics Conference was held in Beijing, and the use of "logistics" is increasingly common.
During the Second World War, the term of the United States, the US Logistics Management (Logistics Management) is taken, and the transportation, replenishment, and storm, etc. . Since then, logistics has gradually formed a separate discipline, and continuously develops logistics engineering, logistics management (Logistics Of Distribution). After the logistics management method, it was introduced to the business department, and it was called business logistics. Defined as "circulation, product allocation, transportation, purchase and inventory control, storage, user service" activities such as raw materials, and the field of raw material logistics, production logistics and sales logistics. During the 1950s to the 1970s, the object of people was mainly narrow logistics, and the logistics activities related to the sales of goods were moved in real logistics. Therefore, it is usually used to be the word Physical Distribution. In 1986, the US Logistics Management Association (n.c.p.d.m; national council of phy- SICAL Distribution Management) was renamed C.L.M, the Council of Logistics Management. Change Physical Distribution to Logistics, which is because the field of Physical Distribution is narrow, and the concept of logistics is broad, coherent, and overall. The definition of the US Logistics Association (CLM) to Logistics is: "For the purpose of the customer, the information, the product, the product, the product, the product, and its related information, from the industrial location to the consumption location Circulation and storage, plans, execute, and control for the relative effect of the cost, the cost.
Logistics is different from Physical Distribution, where Logistics has broken through the range of commodity circulation and expanding logistics activities to the field of production. Logistics has not only started from the factory, but includes from raw material procurement, processing to product sales, after-sales service until the use of waste items and other physical circulation processes. This is because with the development of production, the social division of labor is increasing, large manufacturers often put the production tasks of finished parts, to other professional manufacturers, only to assemble these components, and these professionalism Manufacturers may be in a place in the world. In this case, the logistics is not only closely related to the circulation system, but also has a close relationship with the production system. In this way, the three aspects of logistics, business flow and production can produce higher efficiency and benefits. In recent years, the United States imports wholesale and chain retail industry, etc., using this concept to accumulate many successful experiences. It can be seen that the currently mentioned Logistics is:
It extends larger than the narrow logistics (ie, sales logistics) because it expands the starting point to the production area;
It extends is less than a broader logistics because it does not include raw material logistics;
Its epitaxial is consistent with the epitaxial phase of the supply chain, so some people call it a supply chain logistics.
