Coding principle
Note: The principle of the code is explained by the principle of the code as the main line, but the coding principle is also applicable to customer coding, supplier coding, foreign business coding, staff coding, departmental coding, unit code, warehouse code, and various codes, staff coding, department coding, unit coding, warehouse coding, various codes, staff coding, department coding, unit coding, warehouse coding, various codes, staff coding, department coding, unit coding, warehouse coding, various codes Coding and other items that require coding, etc.
The meaning of the first quarter
Material coding is a management tool that represents materials, numerals, specifications, or categories and other related matters with short text, symbols or numbers, numbers. There is a very simple plant that materials are extremely simple, and there is no material coding, but there are more than 100 or thousands of factories, and material coding is particularly important. At this time, the material is used, the acceptance, the purchase, and the remarks, inventory, storage, etc. are extremely frequent, and by material coding, all departments have improved efficiency, and various material materials are quickly delivered, and the communication is easier. The function of material encoding is as follows:
• Enhance the correctness of material materials, the activities of the material materials, and the activities of all materials such as reminder, inventory, storage, records, etc., the material coding can be checked, so material data is more correct. As for more than one, a multi-object or miscarriage is not happening. • Improve the product management's work efficiency material existing system arrangement, with material coding instead of text, material management is simple, and efficiency is therefore improved. • It is conducive to the management of computer management to further utilize computers more efficient treatment after material coding, to achieve the effect of material management. • Reduce material inventory, reduce cost material encoding to control the amount of material inventory, and conducive to the prevention of material management, and improve the efficiency of material management work, it can reduce the backlog of funds and reduce costs. • Once the material of the material fraud, the material recording is correct and rapidly, and the material is stored in order, and the occurrence of fraud. • Easy to use the inventory material of the material has the correct unified name and specifications. It is very convenient for the acquisition of the material sector and the material warehouse.
Second section of material coding principles
Material coding must be in principle of material coding, reasonable material encoding, must have the following basic principles: simpleness? Classification expansion? Integrity? Singleness? Consistency? Scalability? Organizational? Adapt to computer management? Adequent ?
First, the purpose of simplicity encoding is to increase material, easy to manage, if the encoding is too complicated, it violates the purpose of the encoding. Due to this material encoding, it should be simply clear on the application of text symbols or numbers, which saves time and procedures for reading, filling, and transcribed, and reduces errors. When the material is quite simple, as long as the material is simple to classify as a few items, the material classification project is more inconvenient. If the material is quite complicated, the big classification is to be subdivided, and this classification is also known as multi-level classification.
Second, classification deployability materials are complex, and the material coding is also divided. If the Arab number is used, each paragraph can only by ten subdivided items, if using English letters, there are 26 A segmentation project, however, there are too many sub-items, it is difficult to find, and the subdivision project is too small, and the classification deployment is too slow, and the classification segmentation item is usually better in five to nine. For example, the Arabic Digital Ten is used, and when there are 18 items, its classification deployment can utilize the following methods.
The first classification method of the required classification, the first classification method, second type, third type of second type, 1 1 11 01 012 12 02 023 13 03 034 14 1 1 045 15 2 21 056 16 22 067 2 21 23 078 22 3 3 089 23 4 41 0910 24 42 1011 25 43 1112 26 5 5 1213 3 31 6 61 1314 32 62 1415 33 63 1516 34 7 7 1617 35 8 8 1718 36 9 9 18
(Table 1) Third, integrity When the material is encoded, all materials should be material coding, so material encoding can be complete. If some materials can't find the material encoding, it is obvious that the material encoding lacks integrity. The production of new products will be easily destroyed the integrity of material coding. Therefore, whenever there is a new material, it should be given new material encoding, and the new materials are not encoded. The procurement department must not be purchased, even if there is no material encoding new material procurement, the warehouse department or accounting department discovers the material ordering order Lack of material coding, please request the purchase department to make up the material coding, otherwise it will not be given to the library. This ensures the integrity of material coding. Fourth, singleness of single material coding means that a material encoding can only represent a material, and the same material can only find a material encoding, and there is no material with several material codes, or a material encoding has several materials, general On the ground, as long as the physical or chemical properties of the material changes, as long as the material is to be stored in the warehouse, it must specify a code, for example, such as a part to be stamped, drilled, and painted three steps to complete. If the three processes of the material are completed in the same workshop, the processing unit is not replaced, that is, the drilling is performed immediately after stamping, followed by painting, the middle is not stored, and the material can be taken. If the three steps of the material are not completed in the same workshop, the order is stamping, warehouses, collectings, drilling, storage, collecting, painting, storage, in stock management, in order to distinguish three kinds of materials State, you must take different material coding. Examples: 3000A, 3000B, 3000C three encodings represent three different processing states, respectively.
V. Vincible material coding should be unified and consistency, if the annual limit is classified as standard, it should be used along the way, and it is not possible to classify the origin or surname. To do this, you must segment or grade it.
Sixth, scalable material editing code should take into account the development of future new products and changes in material expansion or change. The retractable room of reserved materials cannot be used only for the current material of the material, otherwise his new material is not edited when he is generated.
7. Organizational material encodes the system based on its encoded system, which is ordered to be organized and arranged at any time to find a material account or information from material coding. Material coding organizes, material management can save unnecessary trouble.
8. Adapting to computer management computers has been relatively popular, so it is necessary to consider the convenience of entry when encoding, such as coding as short as possible, less other symbols, such as '#', '-', '*', etc..
Nine, the text, marks or numbers used by sufficient material encoding must have sufficient quantity so that individual material codes consisted, it is sufficient to represent all individual materials, and the actual needs of the future material expansion, so as not to meet special materials I have no edited. Otherwise, the material system is destroyed, and it is time to expensive. X. If the illegibility does not affect the above nine principles, material coding should choose the text, symbols or numbers that are easy to remember, or impart implies and association. However, this principle is a secondary principle. If the above nine principles are complete, the material encoding of this principle is still not a good material encoding.
Section 3 Material Code Method
At present, the primary coding method used by the industrial and commercial enterprises has the following few: 1. Arabic digital law 2. English alphabetics 3. Hi-fi 4. Mixing law
I. Arabic digital method Arabic Digital Method, is a tool that is used as a material coding as a material, using one or several Arab numbers represent a material. This method is easy to understand, just need to prepare a comparison table of material items and numbers, but also to remember the control project, so the relevant personnel must have been using it for a period of training and adaptation. Make material coding with arabant number, more common there are the following:
• Continuous digital encoding method? Hierarchical digital encoding method? Digital encoding method? International Decimal Classification
1. Continuous digital encoding method continuous digital encoding method is first arranged in some way, and then sequentially arranging the stream number from 1st. This material encoding method can be used, but the order coding is displayed in dividing the encoding time, often is not associated with the attributes of the project. Because new shopping materials cannot be inserted into the original arrangement of the original arrangement, for example: 1078 is 3/8 "× 3/4" six-angle iron strip bolts, and the newly purchased hex iron strip bolts are 3/8 "× 1", its material coding cannot be inserted (because there is no inventory or use this material, so there is no encoding), so there is only to edit the last number 8974. The two materials are ranging together, and now the material coding is so far apart, and it is inconvenient to material management and warehouse management. 2. The hierarchical digital encoding method is the first to divide the primary attributes into large class and make its number. Secondly, the major classes are subdivided into a subsidy of the secondary class according to the secondary attribute, and their numbers have continued. In the hierarchical digital encoding method, only one material code is encoded. Table 2 is a class-type digital encoding method of three attributes, a total of 36 (3 × 4 × 3) encoding can be formed. The advantage of this method shows the regularity of the encoding, and one optic project is only one encoded. Target, its disadvantage is that there is too many useless empty numbers. On the one hand, it seems that it is a waste, and on the other hand, the number of material encoding bits is not sufficient.
Source (Class) Material (Medium Class) Use (Small Class) 1 = Homemade 1 = Non-Rail Metal 1 = Part 2 = Pack 2 = Iron 2 = Package 3 = Process 3 = Wood 3 = Office Supplies 4 = chemicals
(Table II)
3. Digital encoding method of sedimentary section is between the continuous digital encoding method and the hierarchical digital encoding method. Use a bit of a higher level digital coding method less, but still achieve the purpose of material coding. For example, 64 items are divided into 5 categories, and the situation is as follows:
Type Class Class Class Class Class Class Class Class C Class D Types of Types Class 10 Total Total Total Item 64
(Table 3)
The above case, if the class digital encoding method must be 3 digits, but only the number of two digits can be changed, and the situation is as follows:
Category Distribution Code Remaining Alternate Codes A Class A (01-20) 8 Item C Class 10 (21-37) 7 Item C Class 1 (38-61) 7 items D 15 items (62-83) 7 items E class 10 items (84-99) 6 items
(Table 4)
4. International Ten Classification (U. D. C.) This method was first created in 1876 US Dewey M. Dewey, and its method is new and unique, and there is no restriction, it is quite important to countries in Europe. In 1895, the International Library Society decided to decide Dewey's decimal method for further development. After the fact that many years of expert experts have developed, the so-called International Decimal Classification is completed, there are many currently available. The state is adopted for national specifications. The so-called international ten-in-one classification method is to classify all materials into ten categories, representatives of 0 to 9, and then divide each major material to be divided into ten medium classes, represented by numbers from 0 to 9, so Go to the form of the pyramid pyramid form. The situation is as follows: 6 Application Science 62. Industrial technology 621. Mechanical Industrial Technology 621.8 Power Transmission 621.88 Hand 621.882. Screws, nuts 621.882.2 Various small screws 621.882.21 Metal small screws 621.882.215 Pill screw 621.682.215.3 flat screw adopts international ten-in-class material coding, such as coding to three When the bit number, it will still be extended, that is, "." Symbol should be "." The symbol can be divided, and the international ten-in-class classification method can be unlimited. Any new material can be inserted into the original material encoding system without confusing the original material. The code system, the number of symbols that can be used by the International Ten Classification method is only ten (0-9), so the coding is long and there is no implied effect. It is not enough.
Second, the English alphabet method is the material encoding method as a material encoding tool with English letters. In English letters, I, o, q, z et al. Are easily confused, so many abandonment is not available, in addition to this, there are 23 letters available. If A represents a metal material, b represents non-wood, C represents glass. Taking AA represents iron metal, representing copper metal in AB ..., English letters are quite common in our country, and is the available material coding method.
Third, suggestions implied that the coding method refers to the meaning of material coding represents material, and can be associated with itself. I suggest that the coding method can be divided into:? Letter implied? Digital implied
1. English letters implied: from the English letters of materials, choose important and representative one or several English letters (usually take the first letter of the main text) as the code number, so that the material encoders You can imagine English word text, which in turn knows what the material is known. For example: vc = variable capaciter (variable capacitor) IC = INTEGRATED CIRCUIT SW = Switch (Switch) ST = Steel Tube (steel pipe) BT = BRASS TUBER (Huang Steel tube) EP = EAR phone (headset) 2, numbers Inspiration: The number directly encoded directly with the number of materials, or converts the numbers of the material into a material encoded number, and the material encoded reader can learn what the material is in the hint of the material coding number. .
The meaning of material coding representative:
Example 1: × × × ××× × × × × - - - - - Class small form length thickness
Example 2: Coding of resistance values
Coded resistance value 005 0.5Ω050 5Ω100 10Ω101 100Ω102 1,00103 10,000 Ω104 100,000 Ω105 1,000,000 Ω
(Table 5)
Example 3: Coding of steel bar diameter
Number reinforced diameter 12 12mm16 16mm19 19mm25 25mm (Table 6)
Example 4: The coding of the steel ball bearing shaft diameter is encoded as an axis (limited to the axis of 20 mm to 200 mm) mm number of one-fifth.
Code axial diameter 05 25mm06 30mm07 35mm
(Table 7)
Fourth, the mixed method of mixed method is combined with the English letters and the Arabic numbers to create materials, while the English alphabet represents the material and other materials, and thereafter uses a 10-in-one or other means to edit the Arabic number number. This material coding method is more symbols more than ten, so many companies are willing to adopt this method. For example: m = metal material MB = bolt, screw and cap MBI = cap bolt MBI-100 = hex iron bolt cap MBI-106-6 = 3/8 "x 3/4" Hex iron bolt with cap MBI -106-8 = 3/8 "x 1" hex iron bolt with cap MBI-106-8 = 1/2 "x 1" hex iron bolt with cap
Section IV Material Coding Example 1: A Company Refrigerator Material Classification and Code 1. Basic Form × × × × × × × × × × 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Classification Classification Classification
The entire code consists of ten digits, the same specifications, and material encoding. 2. The large classification is represented by the first two digits, and 31 indicates the refrigerator 3. The classification is indicated by the third, 4th, and 5th digits.
1 plate gold 2 metal 3 plastic rubber class 01 outer box assembly 01 iron 01 squeezed (emitted) 02 inner box assembly 02 copper 02 molding (vacuum and punch molding) 03 door assembly 03 aluminum 03 blowing bloom 04 evaporator assembly 04 zinc alloy 04 scissors 05 base assembly 05 Other metal 05 molds Heating pressurized forming shadings 06 coagulator assembly 06 rubber 07 other parts 07 tube rod 08 Other 4 Electrical equipment 5 Adiabatic material 6 miscellaneous 01 Electric package part 01 Glass fiber 01 paper 02 electric wire 02 Polylong 02 tape 03 other 03 glass 04 sponge 05 wooden
(Table 8) 4. Small classification is 5 digits (6, 7, 8, 9, 10), the first 4 bits are the water quality, the last bit plate gold surface process encoding. 0 means unmapling, unlocking, and surface no need to be processed 1 means painting 2 means electroplating 3 means grinding 5. Classification Code Example 3110700012 Represents Board Decorative Bar
Example 2: The principle of material coding in a mechanical processing plant This company is considering that the total number of materials is about 4,000 species. Considering the future development, the following material coding principles are formulated: × × × × × × 1 2 3 4 5 6
The top 5 is sequence number, divided into 20 major categories in segments, the last one represents the characterization of the part, and A indicates that the stamping process has been completed, and B means that the parts processing workshop have been completed, and C indicates that the electroplating workshop has been completed. D represents the painted workshop to complete. Such as: 00012A Cross (stamped) 00012B crosses (drilled) 00012C cross (electroplated)
Example 3: The principle of material coding in a diesel engine production plant All material coding is divided into four sections, the order is "material category, material signature, sequence number, suffix" × ××× ... ×× ... × material category material characterization Sequencer suffix (optional) 1. Material category material categories are expressed in one digit or letter to distinguish between products, components, raw materials, and auxiliary materials ... 2. The material feature code material feature code is represented by 3-8 digits or letters to indicate the feature code that identifies the material. Each type of material can take a different width characteristic code, such as the characterization of the product, can be used to indicate the series number and other features of the product, and the characterization of the component can be 8 bits, used to represent the product to which the component belongs. Number and its picture. Once the number of bits used in a certain feature code is determined, the signature of all such materials must be encoded in the specified bit number. The code is not enough to specify the number of other letters or numbers or numbers (usually using letters "N", and the code exceeds the number of positioning numbers. The signature can also be subdivided. If the total length of the feature code is 6 bits, the first two digits can be used to represent one information, and the intermediate two bits represent one information, and the latter two bits represent one information. 3. The sequence number sequence number is used to indicate that a material in this type of material is designed to distinguish different materials in the same type of material. The length of the sequence number can be determined according to the material of this type of material, but to consider the encoding future expansion, keep a certain room. Different categories of materials can take different lengths of sequence numbers, such as: use three bits to represent 1000 materials from '000' to '999'. Once the length of the sequence number is specified, all sequential portions of the material must be written according to the specified length, and the front of the shortage is supplemented with '0'. If 001, 002, 003, 090, 445, etc. are correct, and cannot be used to represent the 10th material with '10', and the '010' is used. 4. The suffix suffix is represented by a letter that can be used to distinguish between the same name, specifications, or numerals, material, processing, or different colors, and raw materials. Thus, different status of components or products of the same picture can be indicated by the same feature code and sequence number. Such as: C325002R, indicating 325002 red C325002G, indicating product 325002 green L3421007A, indicating that the parts 3421007 have stamped molded L3421007B, indicating that the parts 3421007 have part machining L3421007C, indicating that the component 3421007 has been electroplated, can be used, also It can be not required, depending on the specific situation. 5. Example:, such as: The product of the product is scheduled to: × ×××× × × one letter 'C' four-bit signature two sequence sequences, the product is solder-S195-S195 long single machine code can be composed: CS19501 Machine-S195-S195 single code can be compiled as: CS19502 domestic sales machine-S195-S19545W code can be composed: CS19503
The coding principle of components is: × ×××××××× ××× × one letter 'L' eight characteristics three sequence sequence one suffix
The abbreviation of the product and the image is indicated by the character code, and the suffix represents the status of the parts processing. Example: Specific Parts or Borrowing Parts Coding: Inner Sales Machines - S195-S19545W Cylinder Set of 0101, the part sequence number is 03, the code can be compiled: LS195010103 [L S195 0101 03], the suffix is not used. Universal Product Coding: Universal Because it is not designed to any product number, its product signage can be defined as: TTTT or other representative characters. If the inner sales machine in the above example is a universal, it is encoded as: ltttt0101030.
