1. What is Linux? Linux is a strange operating system born in the network and growing in the network and matures the network. In 1991, Finnish college students Linus Torvalds germinted the idea of developing a free UNIX operating system. In the past, Linux was born. In order not to let this feather's unfertile operating system, Linus will release the work Linux through the Internet. From this large number of well-known, unknown computer hackers, programmers join the development process, Linux gradually grow. The Linux first is required to require all the source code must be disclosed, and anyone must not be profitable from the Linux trading. However, this pure free software is ideal for Linux's popularity and development, so Linux starts to turn to GPL, becoming a major member in GNU camp. Now, Linux has gradually expanded from the strong support of internationally renowned companies such as IBM, Intel, CA, CA, Core, Oracle, plus IBM, Intel, Ca, Core, Oracle, and gradually become one of the mainstream operating systems. 2. What is free software? Since 1984, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology began supporting the "World's last hackers" Richard Stallman launched a free software movement in the software development group, and the free software foundation FSF, GPL protocol, and GNU project were born, opened free software. The chapter of the revolution. GPL, General Public License Agreement, which is opposite to traditional business software license agreement, so it is called Copyleft. GPL ensures that anyone has the freedom of sharing and modifying free software. Anyone has the right to obtain, modify, and re-release the source code of the free software, and specify that the source code of free software can be obtained without increasing additional fees. At the same time, the derivative of free software must be a license agreement with GPL as it re-issued. The goal of the GNU project is to establish freely published, portable UNIX type operating systems. 3. What is the advantage of Linux? 1) Provide advanced network support: built-in TCP / IP protocol; 2) Trust multitasking, multi-user operating system; 3) and UNIX systems are compatible with IEEE POSIX standards; 4) Core energy simulation FPU; 5) Support dozens of file system formats; 6) Fully run in the protection mode, fully utilize CPU performance; 7) Open source code, users can improve their system; 8) Adopt advanced memory management mechanisms, more Effectively use physical memory; 4. Do I need to learn Linux? Computer beginners: I strongly recommend that you stay away from the configuration, the management is quite cumbersome, to hug Windows, easy-to-understand graphical interface; text handler: WINDOWS has been developed for many years, has developed a set of "what you came to work" Handling software, can't commit crimes with the white words of the black, programming enthusiasts: Linux source code is fully open, is the gospel of program enthusiasts. Analyze the core, isn't it your wish? How, try it! Network administrator: Hug Linux. According to the authority evaluation, Linux is 1.8 times the network service efficiency on the machine, and it is still free, the boss will laugh.
In short, if you have one of the following conditions, embrace Linux: 1) Love the programming, always like to solve the problem; 2) Has strong research spirit, like to ask the problem, the network server Interested person; 4) Your PC old hair, running Windows like snail; 5) want to learn, learn about UNIX operating system; 6) Extremely disgusted Windows blue screen crash; 7) Do not want to spend money, want to use genuine software . 5.Linux will replace Windows 9X? Computers can be divided into desktop applications (workstation / clients) and server applications, desktop applications directly for customers, implement some personalized work; server applications are some background processing systems to implement some common service work. For desktop applications, ease of use is very important, and for servers, performance is reliable and stable is more important. So the performance of the server is reliable, the stable UNIX operating system is a long-term coexisting mainstream operating system for a user interface for the desktop system. The Linux operating system is a kind of UNIX operating system, which is designed to consider much more comparable to usability. It is not a desktop system, which is not to replace the desktop system. So Linux will not replace Windows 9x. 6. Who is better for Linux and Windows? The WindowsNT operating system is Microsoft to enter the server operating system's tool. When designing the system, the advantages of the Windows 9X's graphical interface are integrated, making it easy to use, and the market share is also So the rising section. However, the cost of the graphical interface reduces the efficiency of the system, so it is suitable for small and medium-sized enterprises, personal users, and uses unstrue performance requirements. Linux applies to emphasis on performance indicators, applications that require small user interface requirements. 7. LINUX is different from UNIX? Linux is also a member of UNIX family. It has many features that are the same as Unix, and the biggest difference between them is that the following two points: 1) Most of the UNIX system is supported with hardware, while Linux can run in a variety of hardware On the platform; 2) UNIX is commercial software, while Linux is free software, free, free, disclosed source code. 8. What are the fields can I apply? 1) Educational field: design advanced, public code, this two major characteristics make Linux a living textbook for operating system lessons; 2) Network server field: stable, strong, system requirement, network function, make Linux becomes now Internet server operation The premiere of the system has now reached a 25% share; 3) Enterprise intranet: You can use a low-cost input e-mail server, WWW server, proxy server, transparent gateway, router; 4) video production field: famous " Titanic "is the special skill effect of 200 Linux collaboration. 9. LINUX operating system development status and future? At the 2000 LinuxWorld Conference, it is clear that the support of the free release of the freely released operating system has greatly enhanced, especially many hardware vendors, such as IBM, HP and Dell added to the Linux field, which greatly promoted This development of this operating system.
Although it is now complex multi-Linux distribution, each is the array, which reduces the overall combat effectiveness of Linux. But the industry believes that different distributions will eventually produce continuously subdivided markets, each version will focus on the more professional things. After the Linux operating system experiences the baptism of the market, it will create greater glory. 10.Linux impact on the software industry? The earliest, the program is the crystallization of programmer's mind, is a common culture of human beings. Later, Microsoft's founder Bill. Mr. Gates created a new software industry mode: the program is to spend money, the source program is the programmer's intellectual property, it is to protect. The business model of this software creates Microsoft Empire, but also pushes Bill to the world's richest position. If Microsoft's Windows has made great contributions to the world, then it also brings monopoly and copper stink in the development of the software industry. Free Software FSF organization is to break this pattern through the GNU project, let everyone share the crystallization of programmer's thinking --- source code. The joining of Linux makes free software organizations more combat, and it has proved that it has a far-reaching impact on the current software industry. At the same time, Linux has also provided valuable experience for the innovation of the software industry. 11. How do I learn Linux? 1) Read more Linux books, such as "Linux Daquan", "Redhat Linux Mystery", "Linux System Management White Paper" etc; 2) Dare to try, often use Linux, learn Linux from practice, don't be afraid of "try again"; ) Often communicate with Linux enthusiasts through the network, improve yourself. 12. What are the Linux resources on the Internet? On the Internet, there are many websites of Linux, in which the more excellent Chinese websites are: 1) www.linuxaid.com.cn: there is a Linux Forum, online Q & A, knowledge base, online training, solution and other columns; 2) WWW .linuxforum.net: Here you should be the most popular Linux Forum; 3) www.lslnet.com/linux: is an updated Linux topic website; 4) www.linuxbyte.com: is a better Linux website ; 5) www.clinuxdevelop.org: China Linux Development Alliance; 6) Clyan.hongNet.com:linux Database Application Guide. Second, Linux Grand View: 7 Q 13.Redhat Linux 6.5 and Linux 2.4 which version is high? I have recently introduced the latest version of Linux. What is the latest version of Linux? And many Linux beginners are using the Redhat Linux version 6.5. Which version is higher? In fact, these two version numbers are different! Redhat Linux is a release of some common supporting software for Linux kernels and Linux, 6.5 is the version number of this release. LINUX 2.4 refers to the version of the Linux kernel.
The Linux core is maintained by Linus, which is generally composed of two to three parts, for example, the most stable 2.2.15: 1) The first 2 is the main version number, which is generally more stable during one period; The second 2 is the secondary version number. If it is an even number, the representative is a formal version. If it is an odd number, the representative is the test version during the development process. If it is officially out of 2.4, 2.3.x is the test used in the developer. The version number; 3) The last 15 is a modification number, such as 2.2.15 is a small modification of 2.2.14. This special version of the nomenclature is to facilitate developing in the Internet. 14. What are the release of Linux? The Linux distribution is to make a Linux core with the application. More famous: Slackware, Redhat, Debain, Mandrake, SUSE, XLinux, Turbolinux, BluePoint, Redflag, Xterm, etc. 15. What are the characteristics ofRedhat linux? Redhat Linux is the most mature Linux distribution version, which is a boss in the market, both sales or installed. Almost all of the use of redhat in the Chinese older generation Linux enthusiasts. A large number of articles on the market are for RedHat. Redhat Linux is simple, simple, stable, is a good platform for business applications and drilling Linux. What are the features of TurboLinux? Turbolinux is a release of a US company, an early stages of Linux's internationalization, its Chinese version, is the earliest ripe Chinese Linux distribution. TurboLinux focuses on specific applications, develops a distribution for different applications, more and more international influence, is a major competitor of Redhat. 17. BluePoint, xterm, redflag Who is "1 Chinese Linux? Bludepoint Linux is a masterpiece from three Chinese kernels, and Hahalee, a masterpiece who has worked hard by the Internet through the Internet. It is well received by China Linux enthusiasts. Its most important feature is: the kernel-based Chinese, there are many things. XTERM is a Linux distribution by Beijing Surfing Company, which can be considered in China's earliest Linux distribution. Its biggest feature is: the user interface is good, the entry threshold is low, suitable for beginner Linux people trial. Redflag is jointly developed by the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Peking University, Kangbia, is based on RedHat Linux improved Chinese version. Its features are: strong development power, compare authority, you can try it. 18. Which version of Linux is suitable for me? Relatively speaking, Slackware, Redhat, Debain These distributions are more suitable for people with certain foundations, or emphasize performance, and stability. The author recommends using Redhat. Turbolinux, BluePoint, Redflag, Mandrake, in the user interface than the top three more friendly, stability, and Turbo, BulePoint, RedFlag has built-in Chinese support, and should be the best choice for people just transferred from Windows to Linux. The user interfaces such as XTERM, Lenovo HAPPY are more excellent, built-in Chinese support, bundled more games, office software, more suitable for Linux, or beginners. The above is my point of view, with time changes, the above evaluation will be lost, for reference only.
19. How to get Linux? You can get Linux: 1) download from the website, such as www.redhat.com, freesoft.cei.gov.cn, etc .; 2) CD of the Linux release; 3) Copy the Linux release of the disc, this The method is legal in GPL! ! Third, walk into the Linux Hall: 35 Q 20. Install Linux, what is the requirements for hardware? Linux is very low for hardware requirements, can run on the IBM PC on 386 CPUs, 8M or more memory. However, due to insufficient support for equipment manufacturers, Linux is not very good for many new equipment, and the driver of new equipment is always one step. 21. What is needed to install Linux? 1) Collect system data: Record the memory size, CDROM interface type, SCSI card model, network card model, mouse type, graphics chip group, clock chip, memory size and other related information; 2) Check CMOS settings, turn off viral development, set it Starting from the optical drive; 3) If your Linux installation disk cannot be started from starting, you need to make a boot disk; 4) Take a hard disk space for Linux installation, preferably 1G. 22. What are the basics before installing Linux? At least two partitions: Linux native primary partitions, Linux SWAP swap partitions. The primary partition is used to store Linux files, and the exchange partition provides virtual memory for running Linux. The switching area is 8-256m, up to 8, generally establishing a big one with memory. In DOS, no matter how physical, logically, each partition is a separate part, such as: C disk, D disk, E disk, each disk has a root directory. In Linux, it is physically partitioned, and all partitions logically all partitions are a whole. There is only one root directory in Linux. 23. How to name my hard disk 23.Linux? Linux is the processing of the hard disk, which is basically the same as the DOS system, first partition, and then format it. The commands of the partition are different. Under DOS, each partition is represented by an English letter, and in the Linux, it is more flexible, it identifies the hard disk partition through the combination of letters and numbers. Such as "HDA1", HD is a part, represents the IDE hard disk, if it is a SCSI hard disk, for SA; A represents the main hard disk of the IDE1 port (2 represents the IDE1 port from the hard disk, 3 represents the IDE2 main hard disk, 4 generation IDE2) Hard disk); the last digit represents the partition order on the device, the first four partitions (main partitions and extensions) are indicated by 1-4, and the soft logic partition starts from 5.
24. How to install Linux? Each Linux distribution is not large, but in general, it has experienced the following phases: 1) Some basic settings: such as installation language, keyboard; 2) For hard disk partition, format: General release Both provide a graphical interface. If a fan not familiar with the hard disk partition is best to do under the guidance of the hipster; The devices are lost; 4) Equipment configuration: such as printers, network cards, graphics cards, etc., please choose according to the actual situation; 5) Installing LILO: It is recommended to load multi-system boot; 6) for Linux Super User root Set the password. Everyone can refer to each Linux related information to try to install. 25. How to install multiple operating systems on a hard drive? Many Linux enthusiasts want to install Linux while retaining a Windows9x operating system. In order to be able to automatically select in multiple operating systems, a starter manager is required, and Linux has a good start manager --- Lilo. So when you install multiple operating systems, you only need to install other operating systems, and finally install Linux, and install lilo on the main boot fan, then restart the system, will appear LILO: Wait for you to choose the action you want to start system. 26. How do I configure Linux boot managers LILO? Modify the /etc/lilo.conf file as needed, then execute / sbin / lilo allows the settings to take effect. Here is an example of a lilo.conf file: boot = / dev / hda map = / boot / map install = / boot / boot.b prompt timeout = 50 default = linux image = / boot / vmlinuz-2.2.5-15 label = Linux root = / dev / hda1 initrd = / boot / initrd-2.2.5-15.img read-only other = / dev / hda2 label = windows, Timeout is used to set the LILO waiting input time, here If you don't choose 5 seconds, you will enter the default; the default option is used to specify which system that is started by default; Image Section is used to specify the launch information of Linux, including the startup position, name - Linux; Other Sections to specify the startup information of other operating systems , Including start position, name. 27. How to start, turn off the system? Starting Linux is simple, as long as Linux (input Linux) is selected in LILO, you will write a lot of information to the console during the startup process until the username and password can be logged in to the system. Start the exploration of the world of Linux. Be careful when shutting down, you can't directly turn off your computer power, so you can destroy Linux file system, you can use the following command: 1) Restart: Execute the reboot command or press CTRL Alt DEL key at the same time; 2) Turn off the system : Execute the shutdown -h now command.
28. Directory operation underlinux is different from DOS / Windows? Linux's file system is similar to DOS, but also with a tree structure. But the directory representation is completely different, Linux uses "/" to represent the root directory, and DOS uses "" to represent the root directory. The following is a directory operation command under Linux: 1) "MKDIR directory name": establish a directory; 2) "RMDir directory name": Delete the empty directory; 3) "CD directory name": change the directory; Note: CD and directory There must be spaces between names, such as the root directory, you need to use "CD /", not "CD /" 4) "PWD": View your own directory; 29. How do Linux operate? You can use the ls -l command to list the details of the directory, which is equivalent to the DIR command of the DOS. The output of the LS command is as follows: Total 2 drwxr-xr-x 2 XU user 1024 Mar 13 0:34 Sub1 -RW-R ----- L XU User 678 JUN 15 1:45 HODO.TXT The leftmost list is File / directory permissions, the third column is the master information, the fourth column is the user group where the master is located, and the 5th column is the space size, the next is the date, time, the last column is the file / directory name. Here are some common file operation commands: RM: Delete file more: Browse file CP: Copy file 30. How to edit a text file? You can use vi to edit a file file, which is the most popular text processing tool in UNIX, almost all UNIX machines have this editor. 1) Start VI: Execute "VI file name", start the VI in the command state, you can enter a variety of VI commands, can not be edited; 2) Storage: W, save exit: WQ, no disk exit: Q !; 3) Enter the editing status: Insert: i, new increase: a; 4) Exit Edit Status: Press ESC Key; 5) After entering the editing state, edit the edit; 6) under DOS, there are some common uses in the command state. Command: x Delete the cursor where the cursor is located; DD deletes the column where the cursor is located.
31. What is the big pile in the root directory after installing linux? / bin: Store the most common command; / boot: Start Linux core file; / dev: device file; / etc: store various profiles; / home: user home directory; / lib: system The most basic dynamic link sharing library / MNT: Generally empty, use to mount other file systems; / proc: virtual directory, is memory mapping; / sbin: system administrator command storage directory; / usr: maximum directory, surprise application Programs and files; / usr / x11r6: x-window directory; / usr / src: Linux source code; / usr / include: system header file; / usr / lib: storage common dynamic link sharing library, static archive; 32. How to install a network card? You can use root to run NetConf to install the NetConf. Enter the device name of the network card, select the network card module number, IO address, IRQ interrupt and other information, then store exit, execute: /etc/rc.d/init.d/network rest; if your network card is not available In the list of NIC modules, you need to download the driver and compile it into a module. Finally, use the "Insmod Module Name" command to complete the installation. 33. How do I drive D-Link DE220 NIC?
D-LINK's DE220 is a cost-effective, supported ISA network card for plug-and-play. But it is precisely because of the plug-and-play function, it will encounter some trouble under Linux:
1) In the DOS environment, use a tool setup in the DE220 network card to set it to non-PNP; 2) Get the IO address and interrupt number in the Windows control panel, in general, the IO address is 240, the interrupt number is 10; 3) Start Linux, after logging in, execute "NetConf", set the first network card to Enable, the device is called Eth0, the module is NE, the IO address is 0x240, IRQ is 10; 4) The deployment After running /etc/rc.d/init.d/network restart.
34. How to drive D-Link DFE530 TX NIC?
The D-Link 530 TX network card is a cost-effective 10M / 100M adaptive PCI network card, which has a wide range of user groups, and Linux is not listed in the list in the installation wizard. In fact, general Linux already contains the drive module of this NIC: Tulip.o, you can perform "Insmod Tulip" to complete the NIC installation.
35. How do I drive D-Link DFE540 TX NIC?
If your network card is D-Link DFE540 TX, do not choose the NIC when installing, otherwise some unnecessary trouble may be caused. 1) Download the latest Tulip.c file from http://cesdis.gsfc.nasa.gov/linux/drivers/tulip.html and copy it to / usr / src / tulip; 2) Perform the following command to build Tulip .o: #CD / usr / src / tulip #gcc -dmodversions --dmodule -d__kernel__ -wall -wstrictpepes -o6 -c tulip.c 3) Execute insmod tulip.o; 4) execute /etc/rc.d/ InIT.D / NetWork Restart, let the NIC take effect. 36. How to drive Davicom 9201 NIC?
Davicom 9201 PCI network card cannot be done directly when installing Linux. In fact, most Linux distributions provide this network card drive module - DMFE.O, if your machine is also this network card, you can have a short network card configuration when you install Linux, install the boot system, login After the execution: "Insmod DMFE" command adds a drive module, then execute "/etc/rc.d/init.d/network restart".
37. How do I drive the second block?
In the Linux system, you can easily use the Configuration Tool NetConf to install the second block, select the second block of network cards in NetConf, device name: Eth1, select its driver module, enter the IO address and IRQ interrupt number, after exiting , Execute: /etc/rc.d/init.d/network restart
38. How to drive a normal sound card?
In the Linux system, it provides a very convenient sound card configuration tool SNDCONFIG. If your sound card is more popular, you can use it to drive your sound card: 1) Use root login system, run / usr / sbin / sndconfig; 2) From the sound card selection list, choose the sound card that suits you, the general sound card can be used with SoundBlaster; 3) After the selection, SNDCONFIG needs you to set the IO address of the sound card and the IRQ interrupt number, select according to your actual situation; 4) Setting up OK button, if you hear Linus talking, it is very successful.
39. How to drive Yamaha719 sound card?
The driver of Yamaha719 sound card under Linux is very troublesome:
1) Re-build the core, no choice of SB or SB PRO, select the chip of the Crystal Software ... 2), then reconfigure the sound card, select the CS4XXX option; 3) Fill in the corresponding I / O address, IRQ interrupt DMA can be. If your sound card is Yamaha 724, please use OSS to solve it.
40. How to use the universal sound card installer OSS?
OSS is a commercial software that solves the problem of problem with Linux. It supports the vast majority of Linux distributions, you can download it at http://www.opensound.com/. 1) Download the downloaded OSS package OsSlinux392V-glibc-2212-up.tar.gz decompressed: TAR ZXVF OSSLINUX392V-GLIBC-2212-Up.tar.gz 2) Execute ./oss-install, program in the unlocked directory. You will generally be prompted to have other sound card modules, choose to remove; 3) Next is the process, protocol, and a lot of things, accept the protocol installation, use the default installation path (/ usr / lib / oss); 4) OSS typically automatically detects most of the sound cards. If you match your actual situation, you will complete the settings directly in the menu; 5) You can use / usr / lib / oss / Soundon The command is used to open the OSS driver, close the OSS driver with / usr / lib / osssoundoff. 41. How does the universal sound card installer ALSA use?
ALSA, Advanced Linux Sound Architecture is a universal PCI sound card resolution software that follows GPL copyright. This software includes both RPM and TAR formats, where the RPM format is easier to install, here is an example of an example of RPM. 1) to http://www.alsa-project.org Download the following four files: ALSA-Driver-0.4.1D-1.I386.RPM ALSA-LIB-0.4.1D-1.I386.RPM ALSA-UTILS- 0.4.1-1.I386.RPM alsaconf-0.4.1-1.386.rpm 2) Perform the following command to complete the installation: rpm -ivh alsa-driver-0.4.1d-1.i386.rpm rpm -ivh alsa-lib-0.4 .1D-1.I386.RPM rpm -ivh alsa-utils-0.4.1-1.i386.rpm rpm -ivh alsaconf-0.4.1-1.386.rpm 3) Then execute the alsaconf command, select the appropriate sound card type; 4 Restart the system, then execute the command: / usr / doc / alsa-driver / SNDDVices
How to install modem under 42.Linux? 1) View your MODEM in Windows; 2) Use modem to use MODE to interact directly with the port in Linux, and its correspondence is as follows: COM1: / dev / cau0 COM2: / dev / cau1 COM3: / DEV / Cau2 Com4: / dev / cau3 3) Set the highest rate of modem: #setserial / dev / cau1 spd.hi (the highest rate is set to 57600bps) #setserial / dev / cau1 SPD.VHI (the highest rate is set to 115200bps)
43. If you are online through the MODEM? 1) Enforce command ln / dev / modem / dev / cau1 (according to actual conditions) 2) Create a script: Touch SW, join: / usr / sbin / pppd connection '/ usr / sbin / chat "" attackt163 connection "gin : Username Word: Password '/ dev / modem 38400 Modem Default Rows Username with Password Substitory with your Internet account and password. 3) You can also be easily implemented using KPPP tools in KDE. 44. Is there a graphical interface under LINUX?
In order to improve the Graphical interface of the UNIX system, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology started a X-Window development plan in 1984, through more than ten years of development, X-WINDOW This free software has become the fact that the UNIX / Linux world graphics interface is based. X-WINDOW is divided into three levels: 1) X-Window underlying library, is the minimum implementation layer; 2) X-Server, intermediate layer related to graphics; 3) Window manager, implement the end user interface, such as KDE, GNOME Wait.
45. How to configure X-Window?
The so-called configuration x-window is based on the actual device of the machine selection X-Server. It can be configured by XF86Config or Xconfigure, etc. of the graphical interface. 1) Run the Xconfigure program, then select the appropriate graphics type, if not, you need to download the graphics card; 2) Select the memory size, and X-Server; 3) Select the appropriate resolution, color depth combination 4) After the deployment , Run the StartX to start X-Window.
46. How to drive the Intel i740 graphics card?
If your Linux can't identify I740, you can do this: 1) Download the new graphics database and I740 XBF driver: XF86Config-glibc-1.0.0.i386.tgz and xfcomi740.tgz 2) Unzip these two packages, Overlay original directory: tar xvfz /tmp/xf86config*.tgz tar xvfz /tmp/xfcomi740.tgz 3) Perform CP / USR / X11R6 / BIN / XFCOM_I740 / USR / X11R6 / BIN / XF86_XBF_I740; 4) Configuration with XF86Config: Display Horizontal scan frequency selection 6; vertical refresh frequency selection 2; when the graphics library is selected, select 311 (ie I740); graphics server type selection 5; 5) After the configuration is completed, starting StartX.
47. How to drive the Intel i810 graphics card?
Intel's two major graphics cards I740, I810 are not talked for Linux enthusiasts. Intel is in order to support Linux with practical actions, specially introduced how to configure I810 graphics card under Linux in Linux, you can go below Website download installation instructions and software: http://support.intel.com/support/graphics/intel810/linuxInstal.htm
48. How to drive SAVAGE4 graphics?
1) Download the SAVAGE2000 driver; 2) Using the TAR-XVFZ file name untieken; 3) After decompression, you can see five files, one is XF86_svga; 4) Backup / USR / X11R6 / BIN / XF86_SVGA, then copy the new XF86_svga to this directory, replace this file; 5) Run the XF86Config configuration, do not choose the graphics, select 3 (also SVGA), And do not detect; 6) After the completion, run startX -bpp32, it is possible. 49. How to drive SAVAGE3D graphics?
1) to ftp.lib.pku.edu.cn/incoming/savagex Download the Savage3D graphics card driver: savagex_0_1_4.tar.gz; 2) Unzip this program, replace the original file of / usr / x11r6 / bin with new XF86_svga; 3) When running Xconfigurator, select UNLISTED CARD when configuring the graphics, then select XServer to SVGA; 4) After running StartX runs X-Win.
50. Is there a universal graphics driver method?
Since the graphics card manufacturer supports limited, it is a problem that drives the graphics card under Linux. In order to solve this problem, Linux 2.2.x The above version provides a new solution --- use the Frame Buffer device, with the VESA VBE 2.0 standard, with the graphics SVGA feature, with Xfree86 XF86_FBDEV, drive your graphics. This can indeed help you. 1) Confirm that you have XF86_fbdev files, if not downloaded from ftp.xfree86.org; 2) Perform "MKNOD / DEV / FB0 C 29 0" to establish a Frame Buffer device; 3) Modify the /etc/lilo.conf file, join: Image = /BOOT /VMLINUZ-2.2.5-FB (new compiled core) label = Linuxfb (start launch mark, can be custom) root = / dev / hda2 (other part of Reference lilo.conf) VGA = 0x314 (display mode, see following table) is attached: a display pattern table 640x480 800x600 1024x768 1280x1024 256 colors 0x301 0x303 0x305 0x307 32k color 0x310 0x313 0x316 0x319 64k color 0x311 0x314 0x317 0x31A 16M color 0x312 0x315 0x318 0x31B 4) execute / sbin / lilo, enable the configuration, and Restart the system to start the system with a new kernel. Of course, if your kernel has already supported it, there is no need to do this, plus VGA = that line. 5) Next, the Frame Buffer Server configuration: Refer to the configuration of VGA in / etc / x11 / xf86config, add a Screen section, as shown below: section "Screen" Driver "fbdev" device "My Video Card" Monitor "MAG XJ500T" Subsection "Display" Depth 16 (color depth, must be consistent with the color depth of the previously selected display mode) MODES "Default" Viewport 0 0 EndSubsection endsection 6) Point XF6_FBDEV: CD / ETC / X11 MV x.bat ln - SNF / USR / X11R6 / BIN / XF86_FBDEV X51. How to Internet access by ISDN?
ISDN's application is getting more popular, it is fast, cheap, and is deeply affected by netizens. How do I use ISDN Internet in Linux? 1) Confirm that your Linux kernel already contains the support module for ISDN; 2) Drive ISDN card: For non-plug-and-play Teles 16.3 ISDN cards You can use commands: #Modeprobe hisax = 0x180 IRQ = 10 Type = 3 Protocol = 2 ID = ISDN0 For plug and play type, use: #pnpdump> /etc/isdn.conf # isapnp / etc / isdn.conf #Modprobe hisax IRQ = 10 IO = 0x680 type = 14 protocol = 2 id = ISDN0 3) Install ISDN4Linux, then execute the "MakeDev.sh" scripter under the scripts directory, join the ISDN device; 4) Execute the Echo 1> / proc / sys / net / ipv4 / ip_dynaddr command to support dynamic IP; 5) and then PPP scripts will write a script with ISDN. 52. How to use the optical drive under Linux?
1) Create a directory, used to hang an optical disk directory tree: MKDIR / MNT / CDROM, of course, the directory name can be named according to your own habits; 2) Insert the CD, execute "mount -t t 9 9 9 / / /" Command; Note, if your optical drive is driven from the slave plate of the first hard drive, you need to change the / dev / hdc to / dev / hdb; 3) Then you can access the disc access by access / mnt / cdrom; 4) When you do not use, execute "umount / mnt / cdrom" and remove the disc.
53. How to use a flop drive under Linux?
1) Similar to the disc, create a floppy directory; 2) After the floppy is inserted, execute the "mount -t msdos / dev / fd0 / mnt / floppy" command, Note: If it is a long file name format in the floppy disk, "MSDOS" is changed to "vfat". If you are Linux file format, remove "-t msdos"; 3) When you don't use, execute "umount / mnt / floppy", then remove the floppy disk.
54. How do I read the content of the non-Linux partition under Linux? 1) Create a directory: MKDIR / MNT / OTHER 2) Execute "Mount -T file system type partition / mnt / other" command; Note: The file system type includes: modos-FAT16, VFAT-FAT32, NTFS-NTFS; partition finger The device name of the partition. 55. KDE, what is the characteristic?
The KDE project was initiated in October 1996, its purpose is to create a completely easy-to-use desktop environment on X-WINDOW. KDE now except that KFM (similar to IE4.0), KPRESETER (similar to PowerPoint), Killustrator, etc. Heavyweight software, and a considerable user's GUI configuration software helps users configure UNIX / Linux to make them deep Welcome by the user. However, because KDE is based on the QT library developed by Trolltech, it has also been criticized. Although QT itself is very good as a C cross-platform development tool, but unfortunately it is not free software. Qt's license allows anyone to use QT to write free software and free copies to other users, but if you use QT to write non-free software, you need to purchase their license. More importantly, no one can modify the QT source code at will. If Trolltech change QT License, the company is closed or giving people to the acquisition will make KDE before. 56.Gnome What is it? What is the characteristic?
In August 1997, in order to overcome the difficulty of QT license agreements encountered by KDE, the 250 programmer headed by Mexico's Miguel DE ICAZA was started, starting from the beginning, this is GNOME. After 14 months of joint efforts, this project was finally completed. Now Gnome has received support for the maximum distributor Red Hat of Linux market share, with a large number of applications, including text processing software Go, spreadsheet software gnumeric, calendar gnomecal, graphic image processing software GIMP, comparable to Photoshop, etc.. Now GNOME and KDE have become two major competitive camps, which will make Linux easier to use.
57. How to play CD under Linux?
When you successfully driver your sound card in a Linux environment, you can play CD by using a CD player in X-WINDOW, which is in the multimedia tool.
58. Can you play VCDs under Linux?
You can use MPEGTV Player 1.0 to implement your desire under this VCD player under this Linux. Installing MPEGTVPLAYER does not require a special hardware device, just run x window can be used. It mimes the playback control keys of the recorder, such as: play, fast forward, fast retreat, stop, fixed, search, volume adjustment, calm, volume balance, loop play, screen zoom, automatic play, etc. The playback process will display the entire program to use time, used time. You can download MPEGTV Play: http://www.mpegtv.com.
59. Is there a MP3 playback tool under Linux?
There are many MP3 playback tools under Linux, where the MPG123 should be the most classic, which can be used in the console. MP3 playback software in many graphical interfaces uses this program to play MP3. Below is some of its basic parameters introduction: -a Device Set the sound device used, preset to / dev / audio or / dev / dsp - @ file from the file file to read the MP3 file name list to play - Z Random Place If you just want to play one or two songs, or play a song in a whole directory, you can use the MPG123 to be a good choice. If it is a complicated function, if you want to select a specific MP3 file within a multi-directory, then You may need to write Script to execute.
60. How to browse the web in Linux?
Want to browse the web, you need to meet two conditions: 1) Your computer has been connected to the Internet; 2) Use browser software to implement browsing; there are two commonly used browsers under Linux: Lynx can be used under the console; The Linux version of Netscape can be used in X-WINDOW; their usage is basically similar to the browser in Windows. 61. How to send and receive E-mail under Linux
Under Linux, you can use mail, Pine, send and receive E-mail on the console command, you can use Kmail in X-WINDOW to collect E-mail.
62. Can you make Linux display Chinese?
With the English version of Linux, you can install Chinese analog terminal ChDRV to display Linux to the command line status. After CHDRV starts, establish a virtual terminal in TTY7 (with Ctrl Alt F7), and the user can use the Chinese support available after logging in TTY7. Go to ftp://ftp.ihep.ac.cn/pub/chinese/system Get the compiled chDrvbin-0.23.gb.tar.gz file and font file chDrvfont.tar.gz then execute: tar xvzf chDRVBIN-0.23.GB .tar.gz mv chDrvfont.tar.gz chDRV-0.23.GB/ CD chDRV-0.23.GB enters this directory ./installbin runs the installation file
63. Is there a Chinese input method under Linux?
If you use Linux is a Chinese version, there is no need to install it. If you use the English version of Linux, you can install chinput to implement Chinese input. You can download: http://www.turbolinux.com.cn/~justiny/download/chinput-2.1.tar.gz 1) After downloading, untick this file: Tar -Xvzf chinput-2.2.tar. GZ 2) After the unwraway, enter the chinput-2.1 / src, modify the chinput.c file, find the GBK word, change it to GB2312. Find SYSTEM ("/ usr / bin / zwincontrol &"); statement, cancel it (add //); 3) After modifying, execute the make command compile; 4) After completing, you can be in X The -window environment is used.
64. In addition to VI, have other text editing software?
VI is the most common editing software in the UNIX / Linux environment, but it is not very friendly. If you are not satisfied with it, you can try some other editing tools such as Emacs, Joe. The author has recommended Emacs, which is the masterpiece of the Father FSF of the Free Software FSF, and the first heavy bomb of the GNU project, it is indeed very good, it is worth a try. But the biggest shortcoming is too complicated.
65. Is there a software like Office?
Yes, Staroffice is a kit based on Linux, which is a commercial software package, including the word processing, spreadsheet, slide production, etc. MS Office software contains software. A free version is also available for your personal users. Users can download below: http://studio.linux.org.cn. Staroffice Office Suite for Linux is prepared for non-commercial users, and commercial users should use StarOffice Office requires licenses. FTP: //ftp.gwdg.de/pub/linux/staroffice66.linux Is there a software like Photoshop?
Yes, there is a very famous flat graphic processing software -Gimp under Linux. Its interface is more concise than Photoshop, only one toolbar is started, looks like Photoshop. The main menu is popped up when you right-click the open image, like Channels, Layers, Brushes ... Should be complete, the appearance is also very similar to Photoshop, and it doesn't take time to adapt. .... This is not characterized. There are many places than Photoshop: such as the supported image format, support Texture Brush, As Painter brushed out of the shading pattern. Filter is more, such as a kind of alien map, the RGB three-color SIN, COS operation, to achieve special effects, really whispered. Uddo function is also good, I Try it, at least 5 UNDO. There is also more joyful, it is to support the web, you can easily make custom arrows, buttons, background patterns, etc., more powerful than PhotoImpact. If you can't leave Photoshop, you can't afford the Adobe shopkeeper, and you don't have to play the art without a D version. Try GIMP!
67. Can you play games under Linux?
Now there is a game of For Linux, in addition to the famous DOOM, there is also some like ACM-air combat simulation game, XDemineur-digging mine, xjewel-Russian square, XBoard-chess, Xboing-boulevard game. And now more and more, add a trace of fun to your boring learning.
68. Is there a C language under Linux? Other languages?
A heavy bomb created by Free Software FSF under Linux - GCC, it is a powerful compiler, currently the highest efficiency of the world's efficiency, now widely used in various UNIX environments under. Although, there is no integrated development environment in C language, but this does not affect GCC's popularity, this may be the power of freedom! At the same time, it also provides support for many languages such as Fortran, Pascal, Perl, Cobol under Linux.
69. What database software is there underlinux?
There are many database software available under Linux, in which Oracle for Linux, IBM DB2 For Linux, MySQL, MSQL, POST, etc.
5. Do a good job in Linux: 21 questions
70. How do I check the Linux hard disk usage?
In the Linux environment, you can use the DF command to view the use of the hard disk. Below is a DF -T -H (-t parameter: display file system type, -h parameter to display information with high readability) command input instance: FileSystem Type Size Used Avail Use% MOUNTEDON / DEV / HDA1 EXT2 7.5G 4.7G 2.5G 65% / / DEV / HDA2 EXT2 653M 6.6M 613M 1% / Root / DEV / HDB1 EXT2 7.5G 3.5G 3.7G 49% / USR
71. What compression tools under or underlinux?
There are many compression tools under Linux, commonly used: 1) Gzip / gunzip: This is the free software developed by GNU, which is quite wide. The compressed file extension is ".gz". How to use is simple, for example: gunzip eos.gz gzip /Home/test/*.txt; 2) compress / uncompress: This is a pair of historic compression programs, and the file is compressed after it is compressed. " Z". 3) In addition to this: ZIP / UNZIP, BZIP2 / BUNZIP2, etc. 72. How to manage processes?
The process is an execution of the program. You can use "PS -AUXW" to list the details of the process currently executing, including process ID numbers in each process. You can terminate this process through the "Kill Process ID". 73. What does the authority of the file or directory mean?
The permission bit of the file or directory consists of 10 bits, such as -RWXR-XR-X. 1) The first representative file / directory type: D represents the directory, - represents the file, L representation link; 2) The remaining 9 points into 3 groups, 3 digits per group; 2-4 bit describe the authority of the file owner, 5 -7 bit describes the permissions of the same user group with the file owner, and 8-10 bits is the permissions of other users. 3) RWX: The three of each group are: read permissions, write permissions, execute permissions; if it is - do not have this permission. That is to say that -RWXR-XR-X is represented, this is a normal file, the file owner can read, write, execute this file, and can read and execute this file with the user of the file owner, and other users.
74. What is a user account?
In the Linux system, you can identify each user through a user account, and enter a different user account and password when logging in to determine your identity. That is, the Linux system passes all users of the user account and the management system. Then you can create some user groups to join the user to the group to get the permissions of the user group.
75. How to manage users under Linux?
If you want to add a user: 1) Log in with root, then execute "AddUser User Account Name 2) Execute" PasswD User Account Name "to set a password for this user account. Execute "UserDel User Account" to delete a user; implement the "GroupAdd User Group Name" Add a user group; execute the "GroupDel User Group Name" to delete a user group;
76. How to make a disk limit for users?
1) The partition of the disk limit will be set, modify the / etc / fstab file in the following format: / dev / hda2 / home ext2 defaults, USRQUOTA 1 2 2) Create an empty file quota.user #touch under the partition directory to set the disk limit /Home/quota.user #chmod 600 /Home/quota.user 3) After restarting the system, you can use the Edquota -u username to set.
77. How to back up the system?
In Linux, you can use the dump / restore command group to implement the system's backup and recovery. Suppose you need to complete all the files under the / usr directory to the tape drive (assuming that the device is RMT8, different tape drives are different), you can use the command: dump -o -f / dev / rmt8 / usr's -O The parameter represents the full file, the "-f device file name" parameter specifies where the backup is home, and the last directory name specifies the content to be backed up. You can then recover using the following command: restore -r -f / dev / rmt878. How to install .tar packages?
Linux software has two release methods: one is a source code, and the other is an executable file package. Most of the release packs are first archived, and then compress them with Gzip, and generate files ended with .tar.gz. You can use the "TAR XVFZ file name" to complete the decompression and solve the TAR package. If you get an executable file package, the installation work is over. If you get a source package, you also need to compile: 1) Run "./configure" in the decompression directory; 2) Run "Make" in the decompression directory; 3) Run "make install" installation .
79. How do I use rpm to install Linux software?
RPM tools provided by Redhat make it more convenient to install Linux software installation. 1) Install: rpm -ivh somesoft.rpm 2) Anti-installation: rpm -e somesoft.rpm 3) query: rpm -q somesoft
80. What should I do if I forget the password of the root?
If you forget the password of the root, you can restore: 1) Restart Linux, when LILO: When you enter LinuxSingle to enter a single user mode; 2) If you don't have a password, you have obtained root privileges; 3) Run Passwd Set the password of the root. 81. What should I do when reloading Windows and destroying LILO?
In this case, two method recovery: 1) Start with the Linux boot floppy disk, then execute / sbin / lib, re-establish LILO; 2) Start using the Linux installation CD, select the upgrade system, will rebuild LILO.
82. How to make a Linux boot disk?
Under Linux, there is a tool MkBootDisk to make a system boot disk: 1) View the system version, can be seen by LS / USR / SRC; 2) Insert an empty floppy disk; 3) Execute "mkbootdisk --verbose 2.2.5 ".
83. How to use Linux remote?
We can use Telnet, Rlogin, RSH, RCP and other commands to implement remote use Linux, but this method is clearly transmitted in the transmission process, so it is possible to bring many unsafe factors. Therefore, you should try to avoid remote use root account login systems.
84. How to build a safe remote login?
Using SSH to achieve secure remote login because SSH implements encryption of data transmission. 1) Get the SSH-1.26.tar.gz file from ftp.cs.htu.fi/pub/SSH; 2) Unlock this package with TAR XVPF SSH-1.26.tar.gz; 3) to the unlocked directory / USR /LOCAL/SRC/SSH 1.26 directory execution ./configure; 4) Perform make and make install to complete compilation and installation. 5) You can use SSH to create a secure remote connection with a server installed SSH. 85. How to run a planned task?
It is much more familiar to planning tasks in Windows, which can complete some tasks at some simple settings. In the maintenance of Linux systems, we can also need to perform some tasks regularly. This can be used: 1) AT command: It can read the instructions in the keyboard or file, then execute in the specified time; 2) crontab wait : Perform some tasks by setting its profile.
86. What did the boot process of Linux?
1) One boot, the CPU hands the control to the BIOS, BIOS completes the power-on self-test; 2) The BIOS is then read on the first sector on the disk and loaded into the Lilo of the main boot sector; 3) LILO selection according to the input selection Different kernel images, if you select Linux to read the core image under / boot; 4) Initialization of the core start hardware detection and device driver, then run the init 5) Init process according to the configuration of / etc / inittab A series of initialization scripts; 6) After completing, start the Getty process to accept the user's login.
87. How do I set the boot automatic running program?
You can join the commands you want to start the system in the following scripts: /etc/rc.local ,/etc/rc.sinit, and /etc/rc.d/init.d.
88. Why do you need to recompile the kernel?
You need to recompile the kernel or add a dynamic kernel module: 1) Update the driver; 2) Customize the most reliable kernel according to your own needs; 3) Upgrade the Linux kernel.
89. How to recompile the kernel?
1) Enter Linux Source Chat Directory: CD / USR / SRC / Linux 2) Execute "Make Config" or "Make MenuConfig", "Make XConfig" Configure the kernel option, select the module you want, remove unwanted modules; 3 The "Make Zimage" command is executed. After about 30 to 90 minutes, a zimage new kernel image file is generated, stored in / usr / src / linux / arch / i386 / boot directory; 4) and copy it to / Boot directory; 5) Modify lilo.conf file, join: image = / boot / zimage label = newlinux root = / dev / hda1 (according to the original file) Run / sbin / lilo makes the modification take effect. 6) Restart, when LILO, enter newlinux can start up.
90. What is a dynamic kernel module?
The dynamic kernel module is a successful design of Linux, which makes Linux more flexible and easy to customize. In fact, the dynamic kernel module is a kernel module that dynamically adds some functions to the kernel with the "Insmod Module Name" command without recompiling the kernel, and removes the kernel with the "RMMOD Module Name" command. Six, cheap network solutions --- Linux: 9 questions
91. How do I use the Linux to set up a web server?
The Apache server is the first choice for setting up a web server in Linux. You can choose to install it when you install Linux. If you do not install Apache when installing, you can find a file from the disc or on the Apache website: Apache-1.3.12.i386.rpm, then perform the following command to complete the installation: 1) rpm -ivh apache-1.3.12.i386 .rpm 2) Modify the configuration file httpd.conf, access.conf, access.conf, etc. in the / etc / httpd / conf directory; 3) Place the home page file in / home / httpd / html directory; 4) Execute "/ etc / rc. D / init.d / httpd start "Start the Apache server If you need to close, you can execute the /etc/rc.d/init.d/httpd stop command.
92. How do I use the Linux to set up the FTP server?
In Linux, the most commonly used FTP service software is a number of wu-ftpd if it is not installed when it is installed. You can get its RPM package from the CD or website rpmfind.net/linux/rpm/wbyname.html: wu-ftpd-2.6.0-9.i386.rpm. Then do the following command to complete the installation: rpm -ivh wu-ftpd-2.6.0-9.i386.rpm Edit "/etc/inetd.conf" file, point to the new FTPD daemon, as follows: ftp stream TCP NOWAIT ROOT / usr / sbin / tcpd in.ftpd -l -a to this, your Linux can accept FTP service.
93. How do I use the Linux e-mail server?
In Linux, the most commonly used E-mail server is Sendmail, you can select it when you install Linux. 1) Do a MX record for the E-mail server on the DNS server; 2) Edit the /etc/inetd.conf file, remove the annotation of the row of POP and SMTP; 3) Execute the kill -hup inetd to make the modification take effect The user of the e-mail server can send and receive mail through client programs such as Outlook.
94. How do I use the Linux to set up the NEWS server?
When installing Linux, select the INN package and allow the InND when booting. Most of the configuration work has been completed when the system is installed, and there is no need to compile the source code. 1) Configuration /etc/news/inn.conf: domain: foo.com Organization: Foo Company News Site Server: Localhost fill in according to the actual situation; 2) Configuration /etc/news/nnrp.access nnrp.access is used to complete news The Readers service's waiter NnRPD configuration file is used to control access to the site, modify this file does not have to start InND. 3) Add newsgroup: You can use the ctlinnd command to increase by manually editing / var / lib / news / Active file. If the newsgroup is modified manually, the following command must be executed to take effect: CTLinnd Reload Active "Modify Active" 95. How to use Linux to set up BBS?
1) Download the source code release package file Pbbs.Tar.gz; 2) perform TAR ZXVF PBBS.TAR.GZ until the TAR ZXVF PBBS.TAR.GZ unfained file; 3) Enter the PBBS directory, run install; 4) Change the default settings according to specific requirements.
96. How to make Linux a file server?
In Linux, you can use Samba to make a file server, you can select Samba when you install Linux. 1) edit /etc/smb.conf, modify the configuration:. Netbios name = linux workgroup = SambaServer server string = Samba Server hosts allow = 192.168.9 127. securoty = share interfaces = 192.168.9.1 / 24 name resolve order = host dns Bcast Wins Support = NO 2) Restart SMB Server: /etc/rc.d/init.d/smb restart 3) Edit client's HOSTS file, join the resolution of Samba Server; 4) You can nearest online I saw it.
97. How do I use the Linux to set up a proxy server?
1) to http://squid.nlanr.net/squid/ download Squid proxy server software Squid-2.2.stable3-src.tar.gz; 2) Perform tar xzxf Squid-2.2.stable3-src.tar.gz 3) Execute ./configure 4) Perform make, make install installation to / usr / local / squid directory; 5) Edit /usR/local/squid/squid.conf file, join: ACL ALLOWED_HOSTS SRC 192.168.9.0/255.255.255.0 Note : Suppose your intranet IP address is 192.168.9.0; 6) Execute / USR / local / Squid / Bin / Squid -z for initialization 7) Execute / usr / local / squid / bin / Squid open service 8) on the client Set the proxy server IP and port 3128, you can access the Internet. 98. How to use Linux to make a transparent gateway?
Confirm that the Linux kernel has supported ipchain, then write a script ipchains.rule, the content is: Note: Suppose the external network address of the transparent gateway server is: 1.2.3.4, has been connected to the Internet; the intranet address is 192.168.9.1, Online. #! / bin / sh / sbin / ipchains -f forward / sbin / ipchains -f output / sbin / ipchains -p forward deny / sbin / ipchains -p input accept / sbin / ipchains -p output Accept external_interface = 1.2.3.4 / sbin / ipchains -a input -j accept -i lo / sbin / ipchains -a output -j accept -i lo / sbin / ipchains -a infut -j deny -i eth1 -s 192.168.9.0 / 24 / sbin / ipchains -a input -j deny -i eth1 -d 192.168.9.0/24 / sbin / ipchains -a output -j deny -i eth1 -s 192.168.9.0/24 / sbin / ipchains -a output J Deny -i Eth1 -d 192.168.9.0/24 / sbin / ipchains -a input -j deny -i eth1 -s $ external_interface / 32 / sbin / ipchains -a input -j deny -i eth1 -s $ external_interface / 32 / sbin / ipchains -a output -j deny -i eth1 -d $ external_interface / 32 / sbin / ipchains -a forward -j accept -i eth0 -s 192.168.9.0/24 -d 192.168.9.0/24 / sbin / modprobe IP_MASQ_FTP / SBIN / MODPROBE IP_MASQ_QUAKE / SBIN / MODPROBE IP_MASQ_IRC / SBIN / MODPROBE IP_MASQ_USER / SBIN / MODPROBE IP_MASQ_RAUDIO / SBIN / IPCHAINS -A Forward -J Masq -i Eth1-S 192.168.9. 0/24 After running this script, all machines in the 192.168.9.0 network simply set the gateway to 192.168.9.1, it can be connected to the Internet. 99. What server can Linux still build?
Linux can also be a domain name server, a PPP server, a CVS server, a router, a firewall, and can also build a server cluster system through the LVS solution.
