first time:
Installation and uninstallation of software under Linux
When installing the software under Windows, just run the software installer (SETUP, INSTALL, etc.) or decline to install, run the anti-installation program (Uninstall, Unware, "Uninstall", etc.) The software is cleared, fully graphically the operation interface, simply when you use the mouse to click "Next". LINUX seems to be different, many beginners complain that they are very difficult to install and uninstall software under Linux, not as intuitive as using Windows. In fact, installation and unloading software under Linux is also very simple. There is also a way to install the wizard or decompression installation. It is not the same. In addition to software distribution in the binary form, there are many packages distributed in the source code. Let's talk about the installation and uninstallation of these software in detail below:
First, the binary distribution of the binary distribution package and the unloading Linux software refers to the release form of a package that has been compiled in the binary form, which is that the installation is easy, and the disadvantages are lack of flexibility. If the package is The specific hardware / operating system platform is compiled, which cannot be performed correctly in another platform or environment. 1, *. RPM form of binary package installation: rpm -ivh * .rpm Uninstall: rpm -e packGename Description: RPM (RedHat PackGe Manager) is the package manager from Redhat, using it to easily pairs RPM The form of software package is installed, upgraded, uninstalled, verified, query, etc., easy to install, and the software can be installed in a multi-purpose directory in multiple directories, so recommending beginners use the RPM form package . RPM parameters - I is installation, -v is the verification, -h is displayed with the hash character display the installation schedule, *. rpm is the file name of the package (here * .rpm specifier * .src.rpm) Files with rpm suffix); parameters-E is delete packages, PackGename is the software package name, which is different from the file name of the package, it is often a string in front of the file name, such as Apache-3.1 .12-i386.rpm and apache-wevel-3.1.12-i386.rpm are package file names, and their package names are apache and apache-wevel, respectively. For more rpm parameters, please refer to the man page: Man rpm. If you don't like to install or uninstall these packages under the character interface, you can use the package management program for the graphical interface under X-WINDOW, such as the graphics interface such as GLINT, XRPM, or KPackGe, which is KDE, such as software. Package installation, upgrade, uninstall, verification, and query can be easily done by clicking on the mouse. 2, *. Tar.gz / *. TGZ, *. BZ2 - Binary package installation: TAR ZXVF * .TAR.GZ or TAR YXVF * .bz2 Uninstall: Manual Delete Description: *. Tar.gz / *. BZ2 The form of binary package is packaged with TAR tools, compresses Gzip / Bzip2, and unchecked directly when installing. For software after decompression, use the command "RM -RF Software Directory Name" when uninstalling; if the file is dispersed in the multi-area directory after decompression, you must manually delete (slightly trouble), want to know the decompression time to the system Which files have been installed, you can get a list with the command "TAR ZTVF * .TAR.GZ" / "TAR YTVF * .bz2". TAR parameter z is called Gzip decompression, X is unpacking, V is the check, f is the result, y is calling BZIP2 decompression, t is a list of files listed. For more parameters, please refer to the man page: Man Tar. If you prefer the action of the graphical interface, you can use KDE ARK compressed file management tool under X-WINDOW. 3. Software packages that provide installation programs This package has provided installation scripts or binary installation wizards (Setup, install, install.sh, etc.), just run it, you can complete the software installation; while uninstalling A reverse installed script or program is provided. For example, Sun's StarOffice Office Software uses the installer named Setup, and provides a counter-installation function after the software is installed. This type of package is still relatively small, because its installation and uninstall are the same as Windows software. So there is no need to talk more.
Second, the source code distribution of the source code distribution package and the source code distribution of the unloading Linux software refers to the release form of all program source code for the software, which requires the user to compile the executable binary code and install, and the advantage is that the configuration is flexible. It can be free to remove or retain certain functions / modules, adapt to a variety of hardware / operating system platforms and compilation environments, and the disadvantage is that the difficulty is difficult, generally not suitable for beginners. 1, *. Src.rpm Source code package installation: rpm -rebuild * .src.rpm CD / USR / SRC / DIST / RPMS RPM -IVH * .RPM Uninstall: RPM-E PackGename Description: RPM --Rebuild * .src.rpm Command Compiles the source code and generates binary RPM packets under / usr / src / dist / rpms, and then install the binary package. PackGENAME is as mentioned earlier. 2, *. Tar.gz / *. TGZ, *. BZ2 Source code package installation: TAR ZXVF * .TAR.GZ or TAR YXVF * .bz2 is first decompressed and then enter the decompressed directory: ./configure Configure Make Compile Make Install Installation Uninstall: make uninstall or manual deletion description: It is recommended to read the instruction file before you can understand what needs to be installed. If you need to change your compilation. Some packages of the source code can be uninstalled by the make install command after compiling and installation. If this feature is not provided, the uninstall of the software must be deleted manually. Since the software may be dispersed in multiple directories in the system, it is often difficult to delete it, then you should configure it before compiling, specifying the software will be installed to the target path: ./ Configure --prefix = directory name This can use the "RM-RF Software Directory Name command to make a clean and thorough uninstallation. Compared to other installation methods, it is the most difficult to compile installation, it is suitable for people who have some experience in Linux, generally do not recommend beginners. Regarding the installation and uninstall Lanche under Linux, there are so many, but some people may ask how to know a tar.gz / bz2 package is a binary package or a source package? If you use the compressed tool, you will understand that the compressed package is not necessarily software, it may also be a number of pictures of backup, or it may be a general information packaged together. To distinguish it is the best way to check the package. File list, use the command tar ztvf * .tar.gz / tar ytvf * .bz2 or use graphical ARK compressed file management tools under X-WINDOW, the files in the source code are often included in the source code file. Header file * .h, c code source file * .c, C code source file * .cc / *. CPP, etc., the files in the binary package will have executable files (with the software as the same name is often the main execution)) The logo is a directory that its path contains bin (only a few exceptions). It turned out to be so simple, you can't try yourself!
The second article:
How to install Linux software
Installing software under Windows, you feel easy, just double-click the setup or install icon, then follow the prompt step by step, you can do it, but install the software under Linux is not as easy as Windows, sometimes you It is more troublesome to find the software code that is not compiled, and you will introduce how to install Linux software! Software under Linux is generally compressed, main formats have these few species: RPM, TAR, TAR.GZ, TGZ, etc. So first, the first thing to get the software is to decompress. First, the software installation is easier to install in the RPM format under xwindow, as long as the right button is moved on the file, there will be three items in the pop-up menu (only if you right click the RPM file) show INFO, UPGRADE and INSTALL, these three mean everyone is very clear, I will not say much. The RPM format said that it is TAR, TAR.GZ, TGZ, etc., double-click files in XWindow, which will automatically decompress, unpacking rather than the install option like RPM, install files will be solved in you. After compression, I have to say it first. I suggest it before you double-click Install, you should look at Readme first, because you have to install these software may not be compiled, so look better. Second, I have finished installing and decompression under xwindow, and then speaking how to decompress and install in text mode, there is a compilation source code. First, RPM, after logging in with root (can be logged in with other identities, but some software can not be installed) Type rpm -i you want to decompress the file extension (of course, rpm) is not very difficult, Here I am going to say "-i" means install, if you want to uninstall or do other instructions, play rpm --help, watch the computer to your prompt, in order to take care of those E text is not very good People I will write a few common parameters: -e: Uninstall related applications, -u (note is uppercase): Upgrade package, -pql: List the relevant information about the RPM package, -qf: Find the specified file Which package belongs to. As for software in other formats, you can use Gunzip, Gzip, Tar, and Unzip, etc. to decompress, and then run install. After unpacking, you will get some files, and then enter the file directory to see the files obtained using the "ls -f -color" instruction, generally have two cases: the first is the program that has been compiled. (No need to compile) Use the above-mentioned viewing file command to display the bright green with the "*" tag; the second, the source code that needs to be compiled by yourself. If you get the source code, we need our own compilation to get the runable program.
Compiling the source code I heard that it is scared to be scared. In fact, add a few words, and a few words, for beginners, I need to use the operating system, waiting for you to learn in mm. When I first revealed ..., I have to read the Readme document before compiling. The old birds don't need it. After you read it, you will execute ./configure make make install (only root identity can be performed This command is completed after the compilation is complete, and the software can be executed in the current directory or SRC subdirectory. The introduction is over, everyone is not aware of the software installation is relatively easy, but my personal opinion is still more than the software other than the RPM format, because the source code of compiling software can make a certain basis for you later. (Shanghai Zhang Guorong), the third article:
Easily install, uninstall Linux software
The installation and unloading of Linux software has always been a problem that plagues many new users. In Windows, we can use the software's own installation uninstallation or "Add / Remove Programs" in the Control Panel. Similar to it, there is a powerful software installation uninstall tool in Linux, named rpm. It can be used to establish, install, query, update, and uninstall software. This tool is used in the command line. After the SHELL prompt, enter the RPM, you can get the help information of the command.
There are two different forms of software installation under software installation Linux. The first installation file is named xxx.tar.gz; another installation file name is xxx.i386.rpm. The software issued in the first way is mostly transmitted in the source code; the second mode is sent directly in binary form.
For the first, the installation method is as follows:
1. First, copy the installation file to your directory. For example, if you log in as root, copy the software to / root.
#cp xxx.tar.gz / root
2. Because the file is compressed and packaged, it should be decompressed. Command is:
#tar xvzf filename.tar.gz
3. After executing this command, install the file Press the path to decompress the current directory. Use the LS command to see the decompressed file. Usually in the file generated after decompression, there is a file with "install". The file is a plain text file, which describes the installation method of the package.
4. Execute an executable script that is called CONFIGURE after decompression. It is used to check if the system needs to be compiled, and whether the library version satisfies the system information required for the need for compilation. Prepare for subsequent compilation work. The command is: #. / Configure.
5. After checking, the Makefile file used to compile is generated. At this point, you can start compiling. Compiled processes depending on the size of the software and computer performance, the time consuming is different. The command is: #make.
6. After successful compile, type the following command to start installing:
#make install
7. After the installation, the files generated during the temporary file and configuration process generated during the compilation process should be cleared. Type the following command:
#make clean #make distclean
At this point, the software installation ends.
For the second, its installation method is much simpler.
Like the first way, copy the installation file to your directory. Then use the RPM to install the file. The command is as follows:
#rpm -i filename.i386.rpm
RPM will automatically unpack the installation file and install the software to the default directory. And register the software installation information into the RPM database. The role of parameter i is to enable RPM to enter the installation mode.
Unloading of software 1. The uninstall of software is mainly made using RPM. Uninstalling the software first wants to know the name of the package in the system. Type command:
# rpm -q -a
You can query all packages installed in the current system.
2. Determine the name of the software to be uninstalled, you can start uninstalling the software. Type the following command to uninstall the software:
#rpm -e [package name]
The function of parameter E is to enable RPM to enter the uninstall mode. Uninstall for a package name [Package Name]. Due to the mutual dependence between the various packages in the system. If there is a dependency, the RPM will give a prompt and stop uninstall. You can use the following command to ignore the dependencies and start uninstalling directly:
#rpm -e [package name] -Nodeps
Ignoring the uninstallation of dependencies may cause some software in the system that cannot be used.
supplement:
If it is the binary software ending with .bin, you can use the following method (as an example of SO-6_0-Beta-bin-Linux-zh-tw1.bin):
Run analog terminal under the folder where SO-6_0-beta-bin-linux-zh-tw1.bin is located: ./so-6_0-beta-bin-linux-zh-tw1.bin and press Enter!
Of course, you can also enter: ./so again with [Tab]
(.) The current directory, if the terminal does not open in the directory where the software is located, the corresponding path needs to be entered before the software name.)
If you are in the graphical interface, you can also click (or double-click, depending on the specific mouse settings)!
