Li Kai Fu Di 3rd experience Talk: Technology, Talent and Education
After more than 20 years of flourishing, the Chinese people have seen a peaceful rise in a sense of reason, self-confidence, and dynamic Asian countries. From the Flying Dreams of Shenzhou, I gathered in Beijing's Olympics in 2008, from the national savings of more than $ 1 trillion per year, to the world's largest mobile communication market, in these inspirable facts, we saw China. Huge market prospects, open-minded guidelines and hard work, up, perseverance, hard work. China is in an important crossroads: It is only in the four small dragons in Asia, becoming the biggest economies in Asia, or in a successful basis, comprehensive approach or transcend US technology. , Education and national income levels become new super strong countries? In fact, there is no moreover gap between success and excellence, as long as we solve these three of scientific and technological, talent and education to the fundamental problem of national planning people, China may create new glories in the new century. In the past 32 years, I have been studying, working and living in the United States for 30 years. 30-loaded travel, let me deeply understand: The United States has successfully benefited from a good technology, talent and educational environment, and China is only learning to study in the United States in these aspects, in order to truly move from success to excellence. In this article, I am willing to combine my own brigade and share the success of the United States in technology, talent and educational development. The United States's advantage in the United States is developing into the world's largest super strong country in the 20th century, mainly because the United States has established a well-centered benign circulation mechanism. In the United States, the government has invested a lot of funds for education and scientific research, spare no effort to create a good atmosphere for talent growth; from education, a large number of talents from education and research institutions bring a large number of world-leading technological achievements into the United States large and small business, help Enterprises produce the most competitive products; under the guidance of global economic model and customer first, US companies sell products to customers around the world, and create a lot of wealth; companies and national rich rich It will inevitably lead to an increase in US government revenue, which in turn protects the government's continued promotion of education and scientific research. It can be seen that the advantage of the United States is a full advantage. In the United States, first-class education creates first-class talents, first-class talents create first-class technology. It is a first-class technology. The United States can develop from an immigrant country to the world's largest economy in just more than two hundred years. Taking the IT industry as an example. In the early 1980s, the PC and DOS and other operating systems were born in the United States. They gave birth to electronic forms, words and other applications, which not only made the computer truly tools in people's work and life. It also helps IBM, Microsoft and other enterprises have created considerable wealth; subsequently, mouse, graphical user interface, local area network and other technologies have promoted the development of desktop publishing, corporate applications, etc .; HTTP, HTML, SMTP, 1995 to 2000 , XML, SOAP, etc. Internet related technologies and browsers, emails, etc. have brought the changes in the era in the global IT industry; today, speech and handwriting identification, embedded equipment, wireless network, web services, etc., a large number of advanced technologies, etc., A large number of advanced companies are committed to creating more products and wealth using these new technologies. Since 1980, the birth and development of each new technology triggered the major changes in industrial environment, high-tech enterprises and IT products. Every change has also effectively expanded the size of IT industry and created new market opportunities and New wealth. At present, the global IT industry has reached the size of $ 200 billion per year, and the United States has always been in the field of leaders in the IT field with its unparalleled technology, which should be due to the United States in technology, talent and education. The enormous advantage. The United States's scientific and technological advantage scientific research system is coming from a successful scientific research system. The US scientific research system has a place worthy of our reference at different levels of industries, universities, and countries.
In terms of industrial research, a basic criterion that US companies always implemented is: important not innovation, but "useful" innovation. That is, US companies pay great attention to the demand for end users, and can be accepted by the market. No business will be separated from market demand, innovation in order to "innovate". I have done a speech at a university, and the university has a practice: Every speaker has to leave a sentence after the speaker is finished, this sentence will be engraved on the wooden sign as the school's alert. I am talking about "" Important is not innovation, but the "useful 'innovation". I mean: We can't be more new, no one has done it, you will do it; before doing anything, we should first understand what substantive help can provide users and companies. In college scientific research, US universities pursue an anonymous review, public and private scope audit and outcome evaluation system. A researcher's work performance is neither a status of his name, and does not depend on his interpersonal relationship, but is a scientific or technical value in his research results. Usually, researchers have anonymous to submit issues or project applications to the Expert Group, and the expert group evaluates its rationality in anonymous manner. After the study is completed, the expert group is still anonymous to assess the results of research results. I have had many years of speech technology research experience. When the United States just started researching voice technology, you always say that your design is reasonable. I said that my program is excellent, there is no objective assessment standard, and the credibility of technology is reduced. At this time, a research institution in the United States actively requested all people who use the institutional funds to study voice technology every six months to accept the agency's review, and the data used in the review is confidential for all researchers. Under such an objective evaluation mechanism, the advantage of each technology is at a glance. In addition, there is strict boundaries between scientific research and industrial scientific research in the United States, and the researchers are rarely engaged in the landscape of college research services. In the view of the researchers in American colleges and universities, research is to be confused with business concepts such as products, profits. In American universities, every research fund fee is very sacred and serious, and can only be used in related projects. At the same time, professors or students can also engage in specific, similar to business-related product development, but similar work must be prossed with the scientific research in colleges and universities, only in this way can guarantee the quality of scientific research work. In national scientific research, the scientific research institutions at the national laboratories such as the United States have masters and experts who have hosted research directions and research topics. On this basis, the state has put a large amount of funds to promote the risk of high risk, and ordinary enterprises are unable to bear but strategically, the research results produced by these projects are likely to become the future mainstream commercial platform. In this regard, a well-known example is the birth and development of the Internet. The Internet was earliered by the US Department of Defense, a distributed network model that presided over the US Department of Defense. Before widely popular, Internet first made people's recognition in military, scientific research, education and other institutions. With more and more universities and research institutions into Internet, related technologies and products are also fast. All of this has made a solid foundation for the Internet's largest information network platform in the world over the past decade. Science and technology transfer smooth and efficient technology transfer is also one of the important reasons for the United States to obtain scientific and technological advantages. There is a huge difference between scientific research and product development work. The research work encourages adventure and not afraid of failure, encouraging researchers to have long-term goals and planning, do long-term investment; product development work more considering the interests of the eyes, the purpose of only one is to meet the needs of customers. The chairman of General Electric Co., Ltd. has said that we only have a mission to understand our customers, and meet the needs of customers faster than other companies. This is actually a fundamental principle that all technicia companies have always followed when they are engaged in product development.
Therefore, research institutions develop science and technology, production sector manufacturing products, and researchers are usually "thinkers", and product developers are more "practical home." The difference between these two types of work and two technicians is very obvious. If we want to better promote the transfer of research results to actual products, we must create a good environment for their collaboration on the basis of maintaining their respective characteristics. And conditions. For example, when a company has both a research department and has a production department, these two sectors have to maintain strict division of labor and clear boundaries, and they must also cooperate closely to cooperate. Microsoft has made very successful in this regard. Microsoft has both special research departments such as Microsoft Research Institute, and also has a number of product development departments. In order to promote the transfer of research results, Microsoft encourages researchers to act as new technology sales, to promote scientific and technological achievements to the product department, and encourage product sectors to promptly feedback to the research department in time for users' needs and industrial development. Bill Gates recently said in a speech that Microsoft has two types of things, one is to meet the needs of users, and the other is to meet the future needs. This shows that Microsoft has considered scientific research and development as two main lines developed by the company. In fact, Microsoft has developed a common goal for two types of different institutions, and has established communication channels, which also strictly divides the boundaries of the two, and has developed different assessment systems for different types of institutions. At the same time, Microsoft also allows and encourages talents to transfer and flow between two types of institutions. For example, I have been transferred from the Microsoft Asian Institute of China from the Microsoft Asian Institute. This is an example of studying talents to develop or manage talents. Correspondingly, there are many products from product development departments. Examples of research and development work. Now, the Microsoft Research Institute will output a large number of research results to the product department each year. Most of these achievements have been applied to various successful software products of Microsoft. Corporate cultural corporate culture is also an important foundation for companies in scientific research and market. Most successful companies have excellent corporate culture. Microsoft has formed open, advanced, Microsoft-character corporate culture through long-term accumulation. For example, Microsoft adheres to the spirit of "Music to meet major challenges, from the long run, not easy to give up". Taking the R & D process of Windows NT as an example, Microsoft has not earned how much money from the product in the first few years of developing Windows NT products. But Bill Gates firmly believes that Microsoft needs a more stable and secure operating system than Windows 3.1, Windows 95, to enter the enterprise to calculate the market. With the support of this belief, Microsoft's technicians finally made a huge success of Windows NT and its subsequent versions of Windows 2000. If you don't adhere to the principle of "starting from the long run", Microsoft will not have any gains in the global server market today. "Passion on customers, partners and technology" is an important aspect of Microsoft's corporate culture. Microsoft's employees regard the work as a pleasure, and it is full of passion at work. At the same time, Microsoft employees put their customers and partners in the first place, dedication to customers and partners. Microsoft clearly knows that technology is just a means of providing services for customers and partners, companies should pay attention to and encourage technological innovation, but they cannot be separated from customers, just for innovation, technology research and development work. Microsoft's evaluation system for each employee is also based on this principle. In the annual employee evaluation process, the company must specifically investigate what practical contributions to customers, partners, or company's technology accumulation. Microsoft's corporate culture emphasizes employees to be responsible, "as the result, promise and quality". " Each employee should develop a practical goal in his work and is responsible for the goal. If you reach your goals, you can accept the company's praise. If you fail to complete the goal, you should accept the corresponding punishment.
In Microsoft, employees have a spiritual spirit on the development of products. They always feel that the products can be improved, and they cannot only be "good enough", but must reach "very good", this is also Microsoft energy One of the reasons why they always maintain success. "Yonggy, always pursue excellence", such corporate culture reminds all Microsoft employees to maintain a self-criticism of courage and spirit. I have a speech in Peking University, and the topic is "How to make a speech". After the speech, I have a classmate asked me: "Can you evaluate yourself?" I still remember the classmates and his wise question, his question reminds me, only courageous self-criticism People can have enough persuasion in front of others. Bill Gates is such a person who is good at doing self-criticism. For example, once Bill Gates has come back from India, it is said that India has walked in front of Microsoft in the field of e-government. He asked Microsoft's relevant departments to study in India. It is because there is such a never complacent leader, Microsoft has achieved great success in the field of software research and development. The US talent advantage is that people are in the information age, and the value of talents is particularly important. We can imagine that in the industrial era, an excellent mechanic and an ordinary mechanic have no great differences, but in the information age, a senior programmer and an ordinary programmer's income may be as high as five to ten times. When Microsoft has just started, Bill Gates wrote a Basic language interpreter for early microcomputers. The interpreter he wrote can run in memory in 64kb or less, which is a great achievement at the time. In a sense, it is that Bill Gates's day is a subsequent software giant - Microsoft, the success of Bill Gates fully illustrates the importance of talents for the information industry. American society adheres to people-oriented employers, almost all high-tech companies regard talents as their most valuable wealth. For example, Microsoft's President and CEO Steve Bauke has a unique "Talent Report", which is the result of more than 600 senior talents of Microsoft., Records, work records, and assessment results. Steve Bain often flies this "Talent Report" before going to bed, in order to study the strengths and deficiencies of each senior talent, and design the best path for their development in the company. Anyone who is only the Yixian company emphasizes anyone. In this regard, Microsoft's successful experience includes: encouraging managers to hire talents than themselves; use strict talent hiking and evaluation process; for all employees, colleagues, leadership insistence. The effective employment system of these lines has effectively guaranteed Microsoft to bring together the world's best IT talents in the company, providing powerful support for the company's long-term development. For example, IBM's famous dark blue computer doctors Xu Fengxiong have previously joined Microsoft. Dr. Xu Fengxiong is my good friend, I tracked him at least five years. At the time of the festival, I will always call the doctor, talk about him, talk about his current situation, and explore his thoughts. In the end, when I know that he wants to leave IBM, it will invite him to Microsoft. In Microsoft, many people are actively engaged in discovering talents, tracking talents and attracting talent. People do their best to encourage the flow and development of the company's internal talents. Steve Bauke emphasizes every middle manager, and your managed talent is not your own, but belongs to the entire company. When a person is found to be suitable for new positions, Steve Bulmer will directly jump through his supervisor leadership and make a decision of talent mobilization. Microsoft's other level managers also follow similar talents. In this way, Microsoft's internal talents have more frequent flows, and excellent talents can find a development path for themselves. Microsoft also designed a "double orbit" mechanism for the development of talents. In a general company, when an employee performs very well, the leaders will make him develop on the management track, let the managers first, and then do the general manager, then do the vice president, and so on.
However, not everyone is suitable for management work, and some people want to study on the road of technology. To this end, Microsoft is allowing both excellent employees to develop on management tracks, and also allows them to develop according to their own will, and even allow employees to try to fail on a certain track, transfer to another track development. For example, Microsoft has more than 20 senior engineers, and they are in the company's status and their income and vice president engaged in management work. Such "Double Track" policy guarantees the diversity of talent development paths from the system, which is beneficial to attract talents and retain talents. The diversified talent system is a diversified talented system. In the United States, different types of talents can find their position and get enough room for development. For example, in software companies such as Microsoft, researchers, engineers, architectors, testers, support staff, usability security personnel, etc., have completed project R & D tasks, managers, business people, market personnel and process control personnel. All kinds of talents jointly guarantee the normal order of the company's management and operation. In Microsoft, different talents can have their own efforts to get respect and recognition of others. Inspiration leadership leadership is a special talent. American companies have accumulated many valuable experience in cultivating leadership talents. Generally speaking, all leaders should have basic qualities including highharitis, science and technology and professional knowledge, business mind, execution capabilities, strategic capabilities, experience, etc. But it is necessary to become a real leader, only these basic qualities are still far enough, we must also have honesty and trustworthiness, music to communicate, active enthusiasm, self-criticism, lifelong learning. For example, a leader should communicate directly with people in the work. For example, when meeting discussions, someone said that I have a new idea to improve the company's existing products. If you don't agree with his thoughts, you will be mentioned in the face, you can't say that it is in the meeting, and it is said that he said to others in a meeting: "The idea is not very good, I will just be embarrassed to criticize him. "This communication method is very dangerous, which will reduce productivity and easily cause misunderstanding between people. Based on the above values, in order to become excellent leadership, we also need to have excellent interpersonal communication capabilities (team spirit, communication, and people with people) and good emotions. Emotional business is an important aspect of leadership, mainly to personal abilities related to understanding self, control sentiment, motivation, and handling interpersonal relationships. In the various capabilities, consciousness, self-control, concretion, and social influences are the key factors that determine the decisive role in the success or failure of modern people. The United States has a famous survey. The survey found that the influence of emotional success is nine times more impact than IQ. This fully illustrates the importance of emotional business to leaders. In the "From Excellence to Excellence" book, the famous enterprise management is pointed out by a large number of case investigations and statistical analysis. If a leader must work hard to cultivate himself "modest" "The" courage "and" perseverance "are the quality of these three aspects. Modesty makes people progress. Many leaders are only emoticated in their work. They can't listen to others, they can't tolerate others and their opinions. These do not know how to be modest, but they can achieve temporary success, but they can't make progress in their career, reach outstanding realm. . Bill Gates is a very modest person. After he often, please write a speech, what is the shortcomings of his speech, so that the next improvement. Successful people need enough courage to face challenges. Any business achievements are not easy to get. One person wants to be outstanding in the work, it must face a variety of difficulties, and must face the career setback and failure.
I have worked in a company in front of a company. At that time, I was clear that the team's membership did not meet the needs of the company's development, and I should dissolve this team. But at the beginning, I didn't have the courage. Because the people of this team, most of them were personally selected, and they mean that they would recognize my own mistakes in talents. But in the end, I am still determined to dissolve it, and the newly established team has also completed research and development work very well. As a result, the company's leaders did not blame me, but think that I courage to admit mistakes and do bravely and courageous. Perseverance means that we must adhere to the correct direction, and do not until you do the established goals. Whether it is company or a personal, once it is recognized, it is necessary to work hard under the direction of the direction. I can't get a real success in the work of giving up or giving abandonment or in the three priests. The example mentioned in the previous Microsoft developed Windows NT proved this. The higher education environment in the United States is in the best university in the world, and 70-80% is the university in the United States. This figure fully reflects the leading position in the field of education. The United States is a place where elites are gathered, and it is the engine of ideological and open communities and social development, and is also a catalyst for economic development. The United States relies on the most superior higher education environment in the world, constantly attracting outstanding talents around the world to study and work in the United States. In Microsoft, Apple and other American high-tech enterprises, you will see the Chinese, Japanese, Koreans, Indians, Canadians, French, Briters, etc. from different countries, most of these foreign elites are The superior educational environment has attracted the United States, and they provide a solid foundation for the United States's technology and industrial development. Private universities contribute to the success of American higher education mainly benefit from the flexibility and efficiency of the US private university system. The US private universities have the support of private donation funds and have autonomous scholarships and their own business. In such an academic government, the leadership team usually consists of experienced educators, with excellent ideas and flexible decision-making mechanisms. All of this makes private universities become the core power of American higher education. The US private universities have strive to develop feature disciplines in accordance with their own office. For example, the University of Mira Institute of Technology is very strong, Harvard University's business school world is first-class, and my alma mater, the IT discipline of Carnegie Mellon University, and all the people who love the computer are to Carnegie. University study. First-class teacher conditions, most of the American colleges have first-class teachers, bring together many outstanding masters. This is mainly because the United States has high degree of emphasis on education. Professor is the work of people's dreams of people, and their work income and social status are very high. In the famous universities such as the Massachusetts Institute or Stanford University, a professor has often applied at the same time. At the same time, the US educational institutions also implemented strict teachers' assessment systems, and objectively assessing the qualifications of teachers. In colleges in the United States, a taught prose for a lifelong system is very difficult, and must be reviewed by peers. In addition, American colleges and universities emphasize the focus on education and basic research, do not encourage enterprises, business, etc. to affect teaching quality. Flexible teaching method The American teaching method is also very flexible, teachers and students exchange ideas and learn knowledge in direct communication. Regardless of primary school, middle school or university, American teachers generally do not instill the students in a large number of knowledge, and will use experiments, cases, discussions, interactive exchanges and other various ways to improve the enthusiasm of students' learning. [G:] That Can Be Used In Management! In the United States, teachers encourage students to chase interest rather than chasing "hot". I just entered the college, I want to engage in law or political work. After more than a year, I found that I was not interested in it, and the academic performance was only in the middle. But I fell in love with the computer, and I am crazy every day, soon, I will attach the teacher and classmates.
