This paper analyzes the common problem of software project management: lack of project management system training, project plan awareness, management awareness, communication and consciousness, risk management awareness, do not pay attention to the summary of project experience, related issues related to the project team, project team division Some solutions have been put forward on the problem of collaboration, and some solutions are proposed, and the project constrained rope and multiple target models are proposed.
Keywords:
Software project management, problem, analysis
text:
At present, many software development companies have implemented ISO quality management systems, and more and more companies have passed the CMM software maturity corresponding level certification. Software combines some of the ideological and technologies of some project management when formulating the ISO quality management system, so these certified companies' project management work has certain specifications under the ISO quality management system or CMM, the project can follow The prescribed process step by step. However, the ISO system focuses on quality management (ie, the quality of the process guarantees), and the early days is for the manufacturing industry, and CMM is mainly for the key process domain of the software development process, and there is no comprehensive category of project management, such as , Scope, progress, manager resources, cost, communication, risk, procurement, etc. Even if there is also a professional requirements to ensure various quality requirements through the professional requirements, it needs to rely on projects in process regulations. Relevant parties use project management knowledge, tools, collective and personal wisdom to make project management better to ensure that projects are completely prepared on time, and resource conditions.
Recently adopted "Project Management Knowledge Training", I have systematically learned the project management foundation and project management practices, and I have mastered the knowledge necessary for project management in system integration. Combined with the project management knowledge, we can use the common problems existing in our original project management, and use project management knowledge to analyze, and propose solutions, I hope that you will gradually improve our project management. These programs can only play the role of a throwing jade or reference due to the limitations of their knowledge and work experience.
Analysis of the current project management requires improvement, from the perspective of several related roles: project manager, member of the project team, company administrant, market personnel, customers, etc.
Question 1: Lack of project management system training
Related objects: project manager, managers
Problem Description: Project Manager has less training in project management less or not enough. Project managers or managers do not understand the knowledge system and some common tools and methods of project management, so there is no guide to project management knowledge in actual work, depending on personal existing knowledge skills, arbitrariness management work, and blindness is relatively large. . Some students said: "Listening to these classes knows that there are so many learning in project management." For example, how to use the work decomposition structure to make the project's work range, how to sort the activity and estimate project progress , Formulate project schedules, how to use earning value to track project progress, project manager's responsibilities and must-have quality, how to work, how to choose according to various organizational structure and its advantages and disadvantages, how to qualitative Quantitative analysis, etc. With this training, there is a preliminary master, which will be able to apply quickly to actual work.
Review: In software companies, there have been few people who have barely recruit project management professional to serve project managers (even very little management professional), and the project manager appointed is mainly because they can be unique, and management In particular, the knowledge of project management is lacking. Therefore, the project manager accepts system management knowledge training is very necessary. With the knowledge and practice of professional fields, coupled with the organic combination of project management knowledge and practices and general management, it will greatly improve project managers. Project management level.
Solution: Implement the project manager knowledge skill qualification assessment system, let the project manager consciously supplement the knowledge of learning project management and some common tools and methods.
Question 2: Project plan awareness
Related objects: project manager
Problem Description: The role of project managers on the overall plan, stage plan. The project manager believes that the plan is not as fast as change, there are many uncertain factors in the project, and the plan is to go through the field. Therefore, it is more casual, so it is more casualties, many things have not been carefully considered; the stage plan is often delayed, resulting in planning Control management is detachment and cannot perform effective progress control management. Review: Asymptotic is the characteristics of the project, but this does not mean no plan. Projects that do not have a plan or a casually irresponsible plan are an uncontrollable project. In high-tech industries, it is the main feature of the day, so the development needs to be continuously improved under the restrictions and assumptions of a certain condition. For example, a secondary WBS method can be used for the working decomposition structure of a larger software development project. That is, the overall WBS divided according to the overall stage and the secondary WBS specifically for detailed design or coding stages. The reason for this part is that the particle size of the demand is often relatively thick at the beginning, so it is also relatively large depending on the estimation error range of the scale of the overall project. More important reason is that demand is often not an accurate basis for encoding work decomposition, because a functional point of a requirement may correspond to multiple code modules, and multiple demand function points may only correspond to one or a minority code module, as well as Software reuse is considered, so only the secondary WBS of the detailed design or coding phase can only be accurately obtained after the summary design is completed, the secondary WBS derived from the reasonable division of the code module can design, the coding stage and even the even The test phase plays to effectively grasp and control progress. Some projects need to be done in detail, and cannot be referred to in the decomposition, equilibrium distribution, and progress management of work tasks. It should improve it in time.
The process of formulating a plan is a process that gradually understands the project. By serious development of plans, the project manager can know which elements are clear, which elements are gradually clear, and the project plan is continuously improved. The work reports contained in the stage plan and the next phase of work arrangements are the basis for mastering project progress. From the stage plan to compare the overall plan, they can see the progress of the work at a glance. The process of formulating a plan is also a balance between progress, resource, and scope. The essence of the development of the plan is not to write a good-looking document, but to apply your wisdom to deal with various problems and face risks and make forward-looking thinking. Once the plan is completed, he can give yourself a foundation of a management or customer to help you prevent the emergence of various problems during the project, help you ensure that the project is completed on time.
Solution: Improve the planned awareness of the project manager, use the project plan to formulate relevant knowledge, technology, tools, and strengthen the evaluation of the effectiveness of the development plan, stage plan.
Question III, management awareness
Related objects: project manager
Problem Description: Some project managers don't realize the role of our project manager, and to grasp the management of the entire project in general, but burying the specific technical work, resulting in a busy busy, busy, and planning for the project team members. The task is uneven, the resource isted.
Review: In software companies, most of the project manager is a technical backbone, technical knowledge is relatively profound, but whether it is project management knowledge, or project management necessary skills, project management must have to replenish and improve, project Management experience is also to be enriched. Some project managers have no better management methods for some technicians who do not accept management, and work is not well arranged. In addition, due to the rationality of the design of the work decomposition structure, the project task cannot be effectively assigned to related members to achieve "load balancing". Therefore, before the technical backbone, it is best to pass the system's project management knowledge, especially the human resource management, communication management, and continuously improve its management quality, enrich project management experience, improve project management experience. Project management awareness.
Solution: Strengthen project management training and better do project management through the reasonable settings and promotion of the assessment indicators. Question 4: Communication and consciousness
Related Arts: Project Manager, member of the project team
Problem Description: Some important information in the project do not have sufficient and effective communication. In the development of plans, feedback, news, technical issues, and related personnel and related personnel, causing everything, repeating labor, and even unnecessary losses; some people do not have time to collect mail every day, As for receiving the latest information in time.
Review: Project communication management points: "Managers should use 70% of time for communication with people, and project managers need to spend 90% or more." Similar to the problem of problems, in software companies, most of the project manager is a technical backbone, and members of the project team are also "high-tech personnel", all have "from professional or academic start, work independent, self-appreciation, Self-centered "and other common features. Therefore, the factors that hinder communication are mainly "sensory and attitude issues", which is to communicate and consciousness and habits. In the implementation phase of the system or the trial operation of the software development, the project member is basically continued to work in the client, and this situation is very easy to neglect communication. Between project groups and organizations, between project groups and project group members, even between different members of the same project group, there may be in different locations, if there is not enough communication and communication system, communication tools, It may cause less information, thereby increasing the risk of project failure. Even in the company should also communicate in time. Therefore, the project manager not only puts the focus on communication, good at communication, but also guides, agreed to fully communicate in time.
Solution: Develop an effective communication system and communication mechanism, report to the incident caused by the lack of communication as a lesson reminder to improve communication awareness; communication mode should be diversified according to content, pay attention to efficient communication; Since the loss of liability is caused in time to charge the email; for a variety of ways to communicate in a variety of ways to ensure that it is transmitted in place, such as the sending email, call reminders, the receipt, etc., the important content must be held Various meetings are conveyed.
Question 5: Risk management awareness
Related Personnel: Project Manager
Problem Description: The project manager did not fully analyze the possible risks, and the strategy to deal with risks is relatively simple. Project managers often do not do special risk management plan documents during the project plan, but merged in the project plan. Some project managers have not fully aware of the importance of risk management, and the chapters of risk management in the plan are simple, and they will listen to several risks. Just write some simple countermeasures. What is the rear risk prevention? Guiding effect.
Question: Project risk management is the process of planning, identifying, estimating, evaluating, response, and monitoring of project potential losses, and is a proactive control means for project objectives. Take active action, create conditions, to expand the favorable results of the risk, ensure safety, reliably implement the project objectives with minimal cost. Therefore, project risk management is very important to ensure that the implementation of the project goals is very important.
Solution: Master the knowledge necessary for project risk management by learning project management knowledge to master risk identification, quantization, countermeasure research, reaction control. Improve the risk management awareness of the project team by strengthening the review of the risk management plan of the project plan. Summarize the risks and its countermeasures in the industry projects as the necessary risk content in the risk management plan, and effectively assess the effectiveness and feasibility of the corresponding countermeasures.
