First, keep the camera's stability, just learn the moving picture of the picture often encounters the blurred picture of the picture, which is caused by the shaking of the camera, so avoid the camera sway in shooting. Generally, the left hand is against the chest, or let the body * a stable object. Use a telephoto lens and must be added with a tripod. The technique of moving the shutter must be stable and gentle, and the whole person should relax, after adjusting the breath, the breath is taken. Sitting posture or single knee posture can be used when shooting low-visual shooting to enhance stability. Second, the sun behind you is a perfect combination of light and shadow, and enough light is needed to be irradiated onto the subject when shooting. The easiest way is to make the sun behind you and have a certain offset. The light can illuminate the subject, make it color and shadow, and slight offsets can produce some shadows to show the texture and three-dimensional sensation of the object. However, attention should be noted that you should generally don't let your shadow enter the picture. Third, the selected camera of the shooting style (vertical or transverse), the image effect of the photographed is also different. The photo-shot photos can emphasize the height of the subject (such as shooting forest), while the cross-shot can emphasize the width of the subject (such as a mountain range). But when the pocket camera is taken, it should be noted that don't let your fingers block the flash. Fourth, the transform shooting style should continue to try new shooting methods or sentiments in shooting, otherwise it will give people a constant feeling. Personal shooting has a lot of arbitrarily, can you get to where, just feel that the picture is full or meaningful, you can play freely. For example, you can shoot some people close-up, panoramic images, the same scene in different climates. 5. Recruitment shooting is sometimes, it is not to take all people or all the people, and emphasize the scene of the scenery, but will have a strong visual impact. It only needs to be close to the subject, you can get better results than the distance. Sixth, the visual effect of enhancing the depth of field is very important for shooting. Each photographer does not want his photos to shoot without a three-dimensional feeling, it seems like a plane. So in shooting, it is necessary to increase some of the extension of the object to show relative relative. For example, you have to take a distance of the mountains, you can add characters or a tree in the foreground of the picture. The wide-angle lens can exaggerate the spatial and depth of depth of the subject. Seven, the correct composition photographic composition highlights the easiest way to place the main body in the center of the picture. Since the subject is in the central part of the picture, the entire photo has a special stability. But it always places the subject to be in the middle. It will make people feel bored. A good photo is usually patterned, and more common in photography is the gold segmentation composition, that is, the screen is divided into three parts (horizontal and vertical), and then places the subject to be placed on or the intersection. . So you may wish to use gold segmentation to make the shooting diversity. 8. Capture details Use a wide-angle lens to take a large scene, but such shooting will make you throw a lot of details, especially the meaningful details. So sometimes use zoom lenses, making the picture becomes smaller, capturing interesting small pictures. Nine, pre-focus shooting people When shooting the characters, can hold the rabbit, before determining the position and angle, pre-regulate the exposure amount and the focal length. Strive to shoot in a short time, reduce the tension of the subject, get a photo of nature. In the variable weather, the light is also changed, and there is a need to take more film so that there is enough image for the last choice. Ten, the best utility of the camera, the best camera, play the best aperture in the shooting skills is 5.6-8, and the maximum aperture dial 2-3 in the small light circle. Keep the camera's stability, master the correct portability and body posture, select a higher shutter speed, such as the 135 camera 100mm lens, preferably 1/125 seconds.
If you must shoot with a slow shutter speed, you should use a tripod to keep your camera's stability to ensure the clear photo imaging. Different colors of lens filter can create clear tone differences between some colors of the scene. UV filter can protect the lens from rain and mist, while minimizing the effects of coastal areas and mountain ultraviolet rays. Source: People's Photography =============================================== ====================
Excessive exposure is excessively exposed, and its image is pale and lack of contrast. The cause of such problems is complicated, including the speed of the sensitivity control disc of the film to be lowered, the metering meter is not allowed: the aperture shrinkage is unintegrated; the shutter failure can have such problems. Excessive development also increases the image density, but its image is increased, and it can be distinguished from it. When such a problem occurs, first check the set value of the sensitivity on the camera, check if there is a fault of the meterometer, the aperture, and shutter, and the development is problematic. For film that has been taken, if it is a color reversing piece, it cannot be handled; if it is a color negative piece, it can be considered to increase the exposure time and give appropriate corrections when zooming. Black and white tablets can also be saved by thinning. The image of the film expired expired film was gray, the contrast was low, the shadow part was high, and the color piece also appeared to be yellowish color. There are two aspects of the cause of this problem: one is that the validity period indicated on the film box has been more than a long time, and the second is before the photographing and flushing, the film is stored in a high temperature. In particular, there is a latent shaded film that has been taken without flushing, and it is most likely to be affected by the temperature, and the latent shadow is reduced. Therefore, photographers need to develop habits of film according to the prescribed conditions, and use it within the effective period of the film and rinse it as soon as possible. The film has been photographed. If the film image quality is poor, the contrast and correction color processing can be appropriately increased by copying. The average brightness body is not exposed to the photograph and transparent sheets, and the density is dark, and the density is low on the film. The main problem is that the camera may fail; or the speed value of the film sensitivity control disc is too high; or the metering meter is not allowed; or uses a handheld meter to transfer the camera transfer exposure data; or second The shutter curtain is too fast. In addition, there is a similar problem with lack of density, but its shaded part density is higher than the exposure lack of film, which can be distinguished from it. Anyone who has found insufficient exposure first needs to check the set value of the film sensitivity, whether the metering table is calibrated, and there is no problem in shutter and development. In the film that has been taken, the quality of the reversing sheet is difficult to change, copying with a copy, can improve the brightness of the image, and can improve the contrast of the image. For the exposure slightly insufficient color negative, the colorful saturation of the image may affect the color saturation of the image, because the color negative film is slightly more than enough. The black and white negative sheet can improve the quality of the image by selecting high contrast paper and amplification processing. The overall exposure is not enough to be on such a film, in fact, can not see the identifiable image, the reversing film looks almost black, the negative film looks almost transparent. It is important to distinguish whether there is no image at all. A severe exposure film, in general, is absent due to the loss of sensitivity settings or operations, but it is possible to have problems in shutters. Similar phenomena will occur, such as the temperature too low, and there will be similar phenomena. When you find this problem, you need to check the shutter carefully, you may need to send the camera to the professional maintenance department to deal with or check the rinsing conditions and the quality of the drug. The film that has been taken can only be invalid. When the lens glare is in reverse photography, the image has a pale atomization effect. Severely affecting the performance of the image level. The reason for the lens glare is that the inferior lens or color filter or lens is not filled with a film, so that the light is scattered on the surface of the front lens, the lens glare needs to distinguish the phenomenon of leakage of the camera, the camera leaked the light, so that the film appears as gray, but Does not affect film bonding, while lens glare is similar to the exaggeration effect of atomite. If the camera has such a problem, it is necessary to add a hood in front of such a lens or remove the existing filter to mitigate its effects. The film having such a problem can increase its contrast when zooming in and replicating to mitigate its impact. The airplane is taken on the plane using a polarizer on the plane using a polarizer to take a photo on the plane, and the color change of the rainbow sample can appear on the image.
If you need to take pictures on the plane, the best treatment method is to remove the polarizer, and you can also open the window on a small plane. Mixed haze plaque in the water flowing photography, its shape or is not easily recognized or is approximately circular. Especially in reverse photography is the most prone to appear. Such glare is caused by water droplets or other liquids in the lens. The most prone to water mist glare is a rainy day photography or photography by the sea, and when there is a wind, the problem is more serious. So, when we take photography in such an environment, check the front lens at any time, avoid splashing, and keep it clean. The lens that has been splash is needed to clean it. The impact on the image is different from the degree of splashing, or serious, or lighter. The impact can be properly trimmed on the photo. The lights showed a whole blue in the sun environment, which is often due to the use of Type A or B lights, or after shooting under the light with the sunlight, it is forgotten to take the color filter. The color sheet (80 a or similar filter) is removed, and this effect is also produced. The film that has been taken, if it is a color reversed film, its effect is very poor; if it is a color negative film, you can give a certain degree of correction by the corrected filter of the amplifier, but the effect is still not ideal; however if used The black and white photo paper of higher contrast is enlarged, and it is possible to place a more satisfactory black and white photo. The light-colored body exposure is insufficient in the color reversing film, and the negative film is extremely shallow. The reason for producing such a problem is that the internal test of the camera is calibrated at an average value of 18% gray plate. If the body is too bright (such as white snow, beach), it will make compensation for the brightness of natural light, and the result will make such body images be gray. For this method of processing such a problem, the bright body needs to be displayed more brightness than the average brightness body, so when shooting such a body, it is necessary to press directly to measure light, and then increase the L-2 block. The amount of exposure, or use a handheld meter, the readings of people are measured, or the readings are measured from the nearby average luminance body, or use a 18% gray plate or its substitute to measure light. For the treatment that has been taken out, if it is a reverse back film, the quality difference of the image is difficult to change. Copying with replication can be made moderately change the density of the image, but the detail level of the shadow portion will remain lost. If it is not too serious, it is not too serious, and it is a color negative film, then the effect is still acceptable. Black and white plates can be used to make great technical treatment with high contrast phase paper. The imaging of the hood uses the mistake shot as a four-corner black, the edge is soft. The reason for generating a problem is that when taking a photo with a shorter focus, the hood of the telephoto distance lens is used, or when using a plurality of films, the thickness of the color filter is shaped in the field of view of the lens. The method of processing is to remove the hood and the color filter. For film that has been taken, proper cut can be carried out when zoomed or replicated. The inaccurate performance of focus is softened by the main image, but from perspective, not all the focus of all distances is not clear. Its most important reason is that the main focus is not accurate. Some automatic focusing cameras, when the main body deviates from the center, and it will often happen when it is locked. Another important reason is that when the long zoom lens is positioned in a tripod, the focus is often possible due to the focus of the focus, and often occurs. In addition, the focus screen of the camera itself is inconsistent with the focus of the film plane and the visual focus. The lens itself may also have problems, but it can be seen on the focus screen of a SLR camera. When we find the above problems during the photography, you need to check your camera's focusing screens and lenses. It is also necessary to check if the focus of the film plane is clear. And when you take a piece, pay more attention to accurate focus.
Gradient filter position error This is that the photographer after using the gradient filter, when shooting another photo, forget to rotate the gradient filter or remove it, make the film image after shooting. While dark, make the colors that are seriously disordered. This is a gravity filter of the gravity. Therefore, we need to check the color filter after each photo, and correct it in time. For the film that has been taken, the same gradient filter can be used in reverse when zoomed or replicated, and it is often possible to correct it. The main body movement is clear in the screen, and only the body portion is dynamically blurred. This is caused by the film movement during the exposure. It is easier to take a quick motion of the camera with a low speed shutter. In order to avoid the movement of the subject, press the shutter when it is slowed down. Or is the speed of improving the shutter. In addition, some people succeed in deliberately use a low-speed shutter, followed by the quick moving object, so that the main body is clearly blurred, thereby obtaining a dynamic photography effect. But doing so requires higher photography skills. The camera vibration is full of images, which can be clearly seen after zooming, and its lines have a mild double or multi-shadow. The reason is that the camera is caused by vibration during exposure. This phenomenon is most likely to use a low-speed shutter and install the camera to take a photo on a light tripod. On the feature of the double shadow dislocation of the image, we can clearly distinguish between different focus issues. When you take pictures in the handheld camera, the most fundamental approach to the camera sway is to avoid exposure to use a higher shutter speed. It is generally believed that the minimum shutter speed that avoids shaking when the camera is photographed, is the reciprocal of the lens focal length. That is to say, when using a 50mm standard lens, the shutter should be set to L / 60 seconds. When using 100mm center focus lens, the shutter should be in L / 125 seconds, and it is pushed. In cases where low shutter speeds must be used, you need to install the camera on a stable tripod, release the shutter with the shutter line or Selfie function and lock the mirror to reduce the possibility of vibration. Farming is also required in a windy environment. Flash shutter does not synchronize the captured picture, there is an image, and the other is a black piece with no image. This is the reason for this problem: when making flash photography with single-lens reflective cameras, the speed of the shutter is too high. Such a problem, check the flash synchronization shutter speed on the camera and correct it. SLR cameras currently produced by different manufacturers often have different highest flash synchronous shutter speeds. Frequently with L / 60 seconds, 1/90 seconds, and L / 125 seconds. On the advanced SLR camera, you can also see the highest flash synchronous speed of 1,300 seconds. Flash photography can only use this shutter speed or slower shutter speed than it, but cannot use the faster shutter speed, otherwise The above problems will occur. Only on the camera of the mirror shutter can only achieve complete synchronization of all shutter speeds. The film crease film is expressed as unlatted crease ======================================= ==============================
How to take a good landscape John Shaw is a professional scenery photographer, and it is also a lot of landscape photography, 1994 edition, book number ISBN 0-8174-3710-x. This book is from the book to now 8 years In the past, the technical revolution has a considerable progress. Although John Shaw cannot predict the current standard, as everyone, its experience is still very reference, especially for my amateur enthusiasts. The original book has a lot picture , But limited to conditions, shrink up one, do not dare to be unive, the brothers are divided into the same year. I don't here, DX point. Trolls 11.08 / 16/02 want to shoot good scenery photography work, must constantly improve their cultivation, Integrate nature's landscape into individual unique insights; at the same time, you should continue to improve your skills, know how to choose the right lens, location, and aperture / shutter combination. To a certain extent, the master is the combination of craftsmen and artists. So, we How to start? "The * head after the dog head (mine) is a decision factor" "to buy you can buy the best equipment" is Jin Yu Yan Yan. The camera 135 camera is enough to take outstanding scenery, but the selected SLR is the most It is good (note, it is recommended: if your machine does not have these functions, there is no need to change the machine immediately) The following functions: exposure control: manual exposure control automatic option: aperture (a) or shutter (s) priority, but thousand Don't expect to replace everything with automatic (P). Shutter range: For scenery photography, pursuing top shutter speed, such as 1 / 12,000 "is meaningless. Wild flowers, ISO50, F16, 1/60, and F2.8, 1/2000, which one is you choose? In fact, there is not much chance to use above 1/500. The depth of field predicts: very useful indicators, professional photographers should see the films of film, not Guess the results. How to do small aperture, viewfinder? John Shaw suggests that the black cloth is like using the landline. Shutter line: Help reduce the vibration, even if you use tripod, it is also recommended, but the electronic shutter line is expensive ..... Reflective lens lock: reducing a motor vibration of 1 / 8-1 / 15 seconds, especially with a lens having a 100mm. You can replace the view: Recommended for a lattice for the view screen, namely: Nikon: "E" type Surely). Canon: "D" type, Minolta is "S" type. Point measurement: It is very helpful, in case your camera doesn't have this function, you can use a telephoto lens to measure light, you can get a similar point measurement Local data, replace the right lens, use this data. Automatic focus / manual focus: Manual focus can be photographed, auto focus can also, but if you press Auto Focus lock, one hand Press Auto Exposure Compensation, you can only With the toe impetuous bar / PTZ, the manual focus is easy. But the automatic focus is easy to focus under the weak light. The lens is at least 24mm to 300mm, preferably The range of 20mm-600mm. The addition can be one. For the scenery photography, most of the cases will f5.6 or less, so the fast lens of the large-scale is not necessarily, but the polarizer is added , The amount of light is reduced by two, and the scene is dark .... When the quick shot, the hero is very color. Flexo is still zoom? Fixed is good, the zoom is also good, 28mm zoom is 28mm, 35mm, 50mm, 70MM focus section is not 28mm f1.4, 35 f1.4, 50mm f1.4, 85mm f1.4, but it also has optionally, the advancement of technology makes the gap between the two. But don't use zoom ratio too much (20- 600mm ?, I want to have one, otherwise it is tired of a bunch of lenses). Wide angle: You can only choose one, affirm 24mm, two: 24 35, three: 20 28
35. Or: 30-75, 28-80 zoom is also a choice. Header: 50 / 55mm may be the sharp sharpness in all your lenses, header macro is more functional, and more F32 aperture can get a larger depth. Zhongjiao: 70-210 / 80-200 F2.8 Professional zoom and 85, 105, 135, 200 professional is equipped with a stroke. Use the lens focal length exceeding 135mm, with a footger. Some squirrel zoom lens can be added And / or near-mirrors for macro photography, recommended Nikon near-mirror 3T / 4T 52mm mouth, 5T / 6T 62mm oral, telephoto: 300-600 mm, can highlight local, or wildlife, tools, strength. Cutting lens / leaf: Can increase the depth of field, a function of a seat. Film: Generally, the positive film is more sharp than the negative film, as a professional photographer, John Shaw uses Fuji Velvia and Kodak Kodachrome, Velvia is more common. Occupation The photographer's habits are to buy a bunch of different exposure compensation to determine the hue. Tripod / head: One of the shortcuts to improve your photography is to buy a good tripod and use it. The weight of the tripod is better, the day is better. The less, the better, try not to stick to the column, one words: stable. Recommended Jiexin, Manflu map. Yuntai / Ball: Sanli Puna provides accurate composition, the ball is convenient, the more steady, the more steady, the more steady, the more steady, the more steady, the more steady, the more steady, the more steady, the more steady, the more steady, the more steady, the more steady, the more steady, the more steady, the more steady, the more steady, the more steadily It is best to have a fast-mounted board. Filter: For scenery photography, common filters have polarizers and medium-gray graviths. Polaroscopic (CPL): Common filter makes the sky more blue (sky color order, wide-angle mirror The viewing angle is large, the effect is more obvious), and the reflective, increase saturation. CPL can be used on wide-angle mirror, there may be a dark angle. Reduction method: buy ultra-thin, or use large-one polarizers to add circles. (GND): The human vision range can accommodate the light change of 12 to 14, while the width of the film is 5 gears, the function of the medium -resy mirror is to reduce the amount of light. Suppose you want to shoot snow mountains, melt snow value F16, 1 / 250 ", in order to make the snow, add two-stage exposure to F16, 1/60", then test the foreground stone (18% ash, no compensation), F4, 1/60 ", two differences between the two If the stone is exposed, the stone is dark, but the stone is exposed, the snow is integrated into the sky. At this time, a piece of-2 gear can be used to use. GND suggests buy -1, -2 file two, if necessary Optimization. Small light use GND utility is obvious. Light: Nature is changing, seasonal, weather, climate affects the change of the light. The appropriate timing can take a film. And time, morning and evening is the most beautiful Good time, bad weather is often a good weather for scenery. The negative film is melted in the dark, and the front is light. It will be added to the sun. If you use a front, the middle tone object (18% ash) Light, get the correct exposure value, exposure 1 / 2 block, the object is slightly bright, the exposure is 1 stop, the object is bright, the exposure is 1.5 block, the object is bright, the exposure is 2 stops, the object is too bright, the exposure is 2.5 block, the object is full, the same, the same, the exposure 1/2 file, The object is slightly dark, the injection is 1 gear, the object is dark, the injection is 1.5 files, the object is very dark, the bare exposure is 2 gears, the object is very dark, the bare exposure is 2.5 files, the object is all black. Learn to apply the sunshine 16 rules, long exposure Do not forget Tour rate., John SHAW recommended to increase exposure (file) as follows: Kodachrome 25, 1 " 1/2; 4" 1; 8 " 1.5; 16" 2, 1 ' 3.5; Fuji Velvia: 1 " 0; 4 " 0; 8" 1/2; 16 " 2/3; 1 ' 1.33. Composition: highlight the body, choose good prospects, horizontal lines to level, vertical composition / horizontal composition based on different environments, Diligently observed different angles. John SHAW Name, 20mm 1/250 ", still use tripod anti-light mirror lock shutter line! (Oh, don't be afraid) Keep in mind: Good technology can make up for the lack of equipment: medium volume Level equipment plus good technology can still have excellent works, the best equipment is used to use only rubbish. Select the appropriate timing to take a film. Practice, take more.
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Take a good day, ready: choose the right place, suitable time, shoot sunrise and sunset with the right equipment. Everyone knows that the sun is east, and passes through the sky from left to the right. When you think about it in advance, you want to take a certain effect. For example, you want to use a rock that needs to be on the ground as a prospect, but the sun does not just fall back to it; the sun will move to the right and may miss this stone, if your purpose It is when the sun sprinkles is taken to these rocks, you must move first to the left to take the ideal picture. Second, the right season: The best season of shooting sunrise and sunset is spring, autumn. This two quarter is late from the summer, the sunset is early, which is advantageous for shooting, more in the spring and autumn clouds, can increase the results of shooting. Third, Cloud: Cloud is a natural reflective object in shooting, which can spread the red light of the sun, which is constantly changing. The cloud can also be used as the main subject for shooting. However, pay attention to observing the situation that occurs when the cloud covers the sunset; the light will be taken from the cloud, thereby adding the photo to the extremely moving effect. When the sun is close to the edge of the cloud, the scenery is also very suitable for shooting. Pay attention to observation, when the sun gradually appears from this bright edge, you should take a shot. Four, reflection: photographing the water reflection of the sunrise and sunset. Photo color, calm sea or lake can reflect the scenery in the sky. Exhibits the same image as the mirror, and the breeze that is overwater is always disturbing this reflection. Leave a more dazzling light on the water, and striking a light from the horizon to the front of the picture. This optical path will extend to your eyes when the sun gradually drops. Five, because of the first. Directly to the sun, the exposure reading is always not allowed. This will cause only the sun on the screen, and the rest is insufficient. There are two ways to help you determine the appropriate exposure reading. One is to let the sun in three different locations in the viewfinder, then take the average of these three exposure readings. Another method is to use the exposure reading when shooting over your head. Shooting sunrise and sunset, using different exposure will produce different shooting effects, so you can choose to take a picture of the exposure reading (increasing a gear and shrinking). Sixth, lens: You can shoot sunset with any shot. But if the sun itself is the picture topic, you should use the long focal length as much as possible. On the standard 35 mm screen, the sun is only 1/100 of the focal length. If it is a standard lens of 50 mm, the size of the sun is only 0.5 mm, with a 200 mm lens. The sun has a size of 2 mm, with a 400 mm lens, the sun is 4 mm. Once the sun begins to fall, the brightness of the light will decrease significantly, soon you will need to use slow speed, and turn the telephoto lens with hand, very unstable. Therefore, when you shoot the sun, you have to pay a tripod. Seven, aperture; when the sunset is the subject of the work, you should pay more attention to the size of the control aperture. The solar is used to present the effect of the stars, the smaller the aperture, the better this effect. Eight, glare: Direct shooting the sun will create glare in the lens, so that the contrast of the screen is severely disordered, and the incident light is generated on the surface of the lens to form a spot line. High quality hood helps to limit glare, while using the minimum aperture can reduce these spots. The contrast disorder is absolutely avoided, but the spot lines caused by the lens surface reflection can be constructed as a composition of the work. With a single-lens reflective camera, there will be such a light shift, but it is easier to make errors and problems using other cameras. Nine, color arrangement: When the sun gradually drops in the air, the color temperature is reduced, forming a warm tone. Before I saw the sun in the naked eye, it has begun to show dark yellow, then orange, and finally on the film. This effect will make the picture to color, but there will be a photographer, you can think of changing it is essentially wrong.
