OK, you have to talk about hard drive. Before talking about this problem, I will tell the concept problem, what is the concept of concept? You still remember the first time, I heard A: disk, B: disk, C disk, how did it?
Before that, I might knew that the computer had a place to store data, because I saw the tape drive on TV or advertisement (I have never known why I have been a long time for a long time, one of the tape cases in front of a tape cabinet now It is the tape device of the garbage that will constantly become the default background of the TV table to play computer theme programs) or the image of the hard drive. But don't have a concept computer how to use these devices until you first play DIR A: or open Explorer to see a: c: The word directory tree. If you still remember the feelings of the time, congratulations, this feeling is back.
For the average person, just know what the computer can do, so for them, what is the simpler, the more it doesn't need them to spend time learning, so the computer from the beginning of the earnings to the next keyboard screen Now, now I will develop intelligent interactions in voice. This is very good, let those people who take the computer more focused on their work (of course, they will pay for us - the constructor of the computer). It can be said that MS is very good in this regard, no one will deny that Windows is a very "easy" operating system. This means that from the user, you don't need too much to understand the knowledge inside the chassis, or you can make your computer work as soon as possible. For example, a very complex hard disk is made by it in the middle of the operation. C: D: E: A disk like this, let a secretary that only need typing, can also know how to store the file (of course, there will be stupid Spoken. But this is also a problem that the approach (MS is to do everything for you) is also obvious.
You have no chance, or there is no more opportunity to learn more about a deeper level. And when you only know "C: D: E:" in your mind, you only have the road to walking with Windows.
OK, the words retired. Install Linux hard disk partition problem. This problem is said to be a new hand of Linux, and even some people have a certain level, they don't dare to say clearly or mastered (including myself). The hard disk is a very weird, its basic temper is, a little bit is not good, a large piece of data is to be lost, and the throwing is clean. I haven't only seen someone's graduation papers, and there is no backup for hard disk problems before the defense. The installation Linux is necessary to deal with the hard disk very underlying, rather than the installation of the program under Win is so secure. So my first suggestion is that if there is important data on the hard disk, it is best not to train Linux. A better way is to find a machine that is not important, the hard disk can be re-partitioned, install multiple Linux, multi-test, and all kinds of cases in Windows and Linux. This will have an end in my heart. If you really want to install, you must back up important data, remember.
Lower talk about Linux concept for hard drives. Just consider the IDE hard drive. A lot of operations for a hard disk. What we need to know is that the hard disk is composed of many 512-bytes of sectors. These sectors are organized into a "partition". These are the same for each operating system, and every operating system is managed by each operating system yourself to manage the partitioned partition. For Windows, it will format these partitions and manage it according to the CDE disk. LINUX is different. So, a hard disk is divided into multiple partitions, installing multiple operating systems such as Windows, Linux, Solaris, etc. are complete. However, since each operating system is different from the operation of the partition, it can only be installed in the partition without having the operating system to the CDE disk (UMSDoS method is not mentioned). The 0th sector of each hard disk is a special sector, which does not belong to any partition. It is stored two things: the first is a small program, it is running by the computer when starting, this program is typically a startup program with an operating system, which will start an operating system after running. User selects to launch an operating system. Windows's 0 sector launcher is simple, it is to start Windows, so before this, you will not have multiple operating systems to coexist on a hard disk. The startup program belled in Linux allows you to choose which operating system started, it is called Lilo. We will often touch it in the future. 0 sector also stores another important data: partition information. As mentioned earlier, the hard disk is partitioned, so how is it, this information is a 0 sector. The partition rule of the hard disk is this: all sectors of a partition must be continuous, the hard disk can have up to four partitions, which can be four primary partitions or three primary partitions plus an extension partition. The logical partition can be continued in the extension partition. For example, a 10G hard disk, install Windows, with C: D: E: three disks. Then there is this situation in its partition:
Partition 1: The main partition 4G, formatted to C: disk
Partition 2: Extended partition 4G extended partitions cannot be formatted, it can only be re-partition as logical partition
Remaining space (can be partitioned three, four occupied) 2G
In the extension partition, establish two logical partitions each is 2G, formatted to D: E: disk.
So what is it in Linux? Note I mentioned that the partition is the same for any operating system, although Linux does not agree with the C D E disk, but these partitions are the same. So Linux is also a partition one, partition second-class. But it is different from the logos and interpretations of these partitions.
Under Linux, the hard disk is a device, in fact, what is the device under Linux. For the IDE hard disk, Linux believes that there are four devices, corresponding to the four positions of the IDE. If we install the machine, we know that there are two slots, IDE0, and IDE1 on the motherboard. You can hang two devices, primary discs, and slave plates on each slot, which can be a hard drive. So how do linux think these devices? In Linux, these devices are indicated by / dev / hdx. The primary disk on the IDE0 is / dev / hda, from the disk is HDB, so that there is a plurality of IDE slots to continue to HDE HDF, etc. In short, each hard drive is connected by Linux, is considered to be a / dev / hdx device. If your machine is the primary disk on the IDE0 slot, it is HDA, if the primary disk on the IDE1 slot is a CD-ROM drive, then it is HDC. FDISK under Windows is a "hard disk 1", "hard disk 2", and FDISK under Linux
It is an operation to / dev / hda, / dev / hdb, etc. This is very flexible, it is very intuitive, isn't it? So how do you see partition under Linux? The partition concept under Linux is that each partition on the hard disk is also a device (come back). Their logo is / dev / hdxy, where HDX roots indicate which hard drive, Y represents the first partition. Take HDA as an example. HDA1 is the first partition, and HDA4 is the fourth partition location. The logical partition begins with HDA5. So just now, Linux seems to have 10g of HDA. HDA1 is the primary partition, format is Windows. HDA2 is an extension partition, which draws HDA5 and HDA6 on it, and the format is Windows. HDA has 2G remaining spaces to continue to establish HDA3 and HDA4. Note Because the HDA2 space has been divided, the logical partition cannot be established.
The things of these hard drives are easily confused, and it is recommended to practice more. You can refer to some books, early DOS books told some of the installation section. There are also a lot of Linux installation sections. There is also some introduction information on the Internet.
Understand the processing of Linux to the partition. It is a partition strategy. Start with RH6.2 CD, the return of the default setting will go to a partition interface. Here you need to tell the Linux installer where Linux is installed on the hard disk. You need to tell it some information, including, build a new Linux partition, how big, where MOUNT is. Here you need to introduce the concept of mount.
We know that the hard disk can be divided into many partitions, each partition is formatted by each operating system and then can be used. But there must be a way to use. Windows, or DOS practice is to format a formatted partition (or mount) into C: D: E: disk. The assignment of the drive is determined by the operating system (can be specified after NT). How to use it in a partition under Linux must specify yourself. The underlying partition in Linux does not assign according to C: D: E, but a mount to a directory. The storage space structure of the entire UNIX is a directory tree (instead of each C: D: E: each has its own directory tree). The last layer is root directory (with / indicated, notice that the backslash of Windows) has other directories under the low. First, you need to have a partition mount into /, then build another directory below and put the partition mount to these directories. So a whole to see a UNIX storage system is a directory tree, but it can include many partitions, even other storage devices, such as optical drives, memory discs, or network disks.
In addition to / there are several directorys in Linux, we need to know that / usr, / home is / root. Don't do what they do, in general, we need to divide a space, specify it for the Linux native type, then Mount Point is one of these directories. In addition, it is also necessary to note that there are two types of Linux partitions. Native is the kind of that can store files to establish a directory. There is a Linux Swap. This is a Linux memory switch partition. You must specify one when installing RH. So at least one zone, type Linux native, mount, and then a partition type Linux swap, then a partition type Linux swap, and the system is handled separately.
It is a partition size problem. It is also a matter of 1G space in the installation of Linux. It is a 2G partition Mount Point for the first installation. Then a swap. The size of SWAP is as large as memory, up to 128m. It can be used to establish other partitions to Mount, such as / home, based on your own requirements for your hard drive. For machines that have already installed Windows, you can delete a Windows partition in the Linux installer. Generally, it is a logical partition (you don't want to delete C: discs), then build Linux partitions in its space.
Linux / can be the primary partition can be a logical partition. But you need to pay attention to the 8G problem. I think you may have heard of 8G, what is 8G? The specific problem is more complicated. So if your hard disk has 16G, the first 6G has been given to C: disk, and the latter is two 5G D: E: Dish, wondering you to delete the D disk partition to establish the Linux partition instead of the E disk, because the E disk It has been behind 8G. There is no problem after 8G after installing Linux, just
Unable to start. Of course, this is a solution, but in the novice status, I still recommend trying to follow the simplest situation, and I will practice other.
After the district, continue to install, you are also asked to configure some other things. Including root password, LILO, configuring network, X, etc. Where LILO is a more important part. You will be required to install LILO to MBR, partition boot sector, or on a floppy disk. You need to choose whether it is installed on the MBR or FLOPPY. Generally, it can be installed on the MBR. For the sake of insurance, you can do the floppy disk so that the machine is started with the hard disk or the set of windows, and enter Linux can start with a floppy disk. Note that you need to turn off the Virus Warning in the BIOS, otherwise you cannot install it on the MBR.
If your machine is configured, the network card, the sound card, the display card, etc. can automatically detect, and you can enter Linux all the way. If your luck is not good (most case) Net card sound card does not match when starting, it doesn't matter, it will be configured in the same way as Windows. In short, these will not affect you installation.
OK, the machine is started again, and it is a LILO: prompt to the STARTING MS WINDOWS 98 .... This shows that LILO has been installed normally. You can enter Linux now. If you want to go to Windows, you can play DOS and enter your bus. If you specify a different Windows partition launch flag, you can use the [Tab] button to see what choice you have.
This is a question that is often asked, here is here. For some reason you want to delete Linux, you know the DOS disk boot and then fdisk deletes the Linux partition or reinstall NT to remove the Linux partition. But when you are installed, Windows can't start, LILO: This symbol is there, the machine is dead. Don't restrict formatting is useless. Then a half bottle of bon vinegar may tell you "Didn't save, low." Remember, unless the hardware is damaged, the hard disk does not require low. This is because other installed programs do not rewrite the 0 sector, that is, the LILO caused by MBR cannot be deleted. The solution is very simple, please remember: start with a DOS disk, run the FDISK / MBR of DOS. This command is the standard program for rewriting the 2-sector boot program, which can start DOS, Windows, WindowsNT, Windows 2000, without changing any other information of the hard disk partition. So it is absolutely safe, absolutely safe, absolutely safe. Remember fdisk / MBR when you touch LILO can't be deleted. OK, you successfully launched Linux, entered a graphic or character interface to log in. You will have a pile of questions. I will ask how to ask questions and how to find help.
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