Source: New Economic Guide Li Guanggan
Recognize the government portal
When you know the concept of "Government Portal", you must clarify the following aspects:
First, the government portal depends on the informationized basic conditions of the government departments. However, this basic condition does not necessarily require that government departments have achieved networked offices, and government departments can have a complete internal office and business information management application system.
Second, government portal is not only a government information release platform and business processing platform, but also integration of knowledge processing platforms, knowledge decision platforms, and knowledge access, which makes information sharing and communication between government departments office staff. Through data mining, data processing makes zeroat information becomes knowledge, so that the relevant personnel can use appropriate knowledge in the appropriate time to provide adequate information and knowledge support for administrative decisions.
Third, the integration of background is the key to the approval of government portals to other websites.
Unlike Internet portals and corporate portals, government portals have two "front desk-background" relationships.
The first is a double "front desk-background" relationship, namely: the portal as a front desk connected to all government websites, does not directly face the business function of government agencies, it is just as a powerful search engine, quickly and convenient To find a government website for the corresponding business, this is the first "front desk - background" relationship; on this basis, the customer can directly face the business function department through the specific government agencies, here, the government website Compared with its functional departments, it constitutes another "front desk - background" relationship.
The second is a single "front desk-background" relationship. In this case, the client can enter the business handling procedure through the government portal, and customers do not need to deal with specific government agencies (websites), and don't know which government agency is dealing with. At this point, the customer seems to face a "super government" through this portal because people can handle the business of all the portals through this portal.
Whether it is the first or second, it is necessary to integrate the background business. Although in the first "front desk-background" relationship, government portal is just a website business connection of all government agencies, but it still needs to be classified and arranged for all government agencies' business types, according to a topic The logical relationship organizes all of these services, and has a new requirement for the portal and in management, for example, the portal should be considered as all via this. Business supervision window of government agencies of the portal.
The second "front desk - background" relationship exceeds the concept of "e-government", has become a true "e-government". Here, all government business units have been restructured in accordance with the business process, and traditional government agencies have gradually faded out of the e-government's "business treatment workshop". Therefore, all government portals are government websites, but not all government websites are portal; and the meaning of "government" in the sense of government portal is no longer a "government agency" in the traditional sense. It has exceeded the meaning of existing government agencies and became a virtual "super government".
Foreign government portal restructuring
The development of government portals is directly benefited from the development of Internet portal and corporate portal. At the same time, in recent years, the flood of government websites has also brought certain side effects to the development of e-government. In the face of such a large government website, people often don't know what they do, therefore, there is an urgent need "simple, practical, focus Single government processing entry website prominent.
Caused from 2000, there were relatively perfect information infrastructure conditions, and e-government began to go out of independence and their respective "political". Under a unified government website, they integrated a comparative various government websites into a coordinated directory, and develop a series of integrated government service projects based on the needs of specific user groups. Government portal begins as a unique e-government website providing government services. At present, the government portal is still in development, and there are great differences in the practice of countries. From the perspective of development, it is still in the first "front desk - background" relationship stage, that is, mainly in accordance with the needs of the business process, through technical means to connect all government agencies in series, but there is also some business already implemented online. Real-time processing, is transforming to the second "front desk - background" relationship, Singapore's "electronic citizen" website is representative of this.
As far as the development of international government portals, the United States, the United Kingdom, and Singapore's practices are typical, including systematic innovation of government administration and services under many network conditions. The following will introduce the three countries to build a government portal.
US government portal
The United States is the most developed country in e-government, and the number of government websites is also up to 20,000. These government websites are very rich, with a number of tens of millions of pages, and the general citizens are difficult to get government services accurately through online search, which of course requires the portal to boot.
We can analyze the US government portal from geographical properties and power properties. From the government administration level, the US government can be divided into federal, state and city and county. Due to the implementation of the federal system, the three-level government is relatively independent of many administrative management, and the government portal is divided into such a three-level, and the service content of each government's portal is different, and there is a clear relationship between each other. Division. Each state government and the city (county) government have established a single portal, enterprise or citizens to obtain a variety of different sources according to business content, by visiting the local area or city (county) government website. service. Each government portal has a characteristic, including tax, license, registration, and passport information, and information that meets each resident in the region.
The government portal of the federal level is the "First Government website" (firstgov.gov.). The website began construction in June 2000 and has become the most powerful super government website in the world. As the unique government service website of the federal government, the site integrates all the service projects of the federal government, and has established links with many government departments such as legislation, justice and administrative departments, and also have the portals of the state governments and the city county government. link. As a comprehensive network portal, users can connect to any government website through the site, including state and local governments. One of the primary goals to be achieved by the "First Government Website" is that you can find all kinds of government information and services you need only by clicking 3. It allows users to search all 27 million web pages, using a high-intensity search engine developed by private companies and federal governments, individuals can search by keywords, topics or institutions, can be within less than 1/4 seconds Search for a halfgroup. In this sense, the website and the federal functional department, state and city county-level government websites have actually constitute a relationship between the front desk and the background, any enterprise and citizens pass the front desk, firstgov.gov, you can find all USA All services provided by the government department.
From the perspective of content classification, the website is divided into the region, including 50 states and local counties and local counties and local counties, and the city's related materials and website links; on the other hand, according to agriculture and food, art and cultural, economic and commercial industries. To divide, the relevant introductions and websites of all walks of life are also with a point. The site is very characteristic, it divides government services into three categories, namely online services for citizens, online service for businesses, and online services to government agencies (Online Services for Governments. Every category is divided into many projects. For example, "Online Services to Citizens" includes applying for passport, weather forecast, lottery winning number, etc .; "Online Service to Enterprise" includes online application patents and trademarks, restricted contracts, business law And regulations, etc .; "Online services to government agencies" include federal employee salary changes, federal employee remote training, and federal government positions. This design is simple and clear, and anyone who is looking for government online services can easily find the services you need. British government portal
As early as 1994, the British government has established a website similar to government portal: www.open.gov.uk, its function is mainly to provide a government website, but there is very little service. In December 2000, the British government has developed a single government service portal system for a service content, and more convenient and more powerful, which is also a "UK" website (www.ukonline.gov.uk) and Composition of the "Government Virtual Portal" website (www.gateway.gov.uk). The "British Online" website not only connects thousands of government websites, but also combines government services in accordance with public demand, enabling the public to get online information and services of all government departments around day. The content of the site is divided into five blocks: life channel, fast search, online transaction, citizenship, and news. "Life Channel" can set up 11 subject services to users, and users do not need to consider the responsibilities and division of labor of all government departments. Other large blocks also include many themes service content.
The "Government Virtual Portal" website is a special website that has received government online services for public and enterprises, providing registration registration services, which allows public and businesses to communicate and implement online administrative affairs through multiple departments of the government through a single entrance. . In the main service items that have been run in the "Government Virtual Portal" website, there is a online return of online income and partial value-added tax on line. The website is an important part of the "Integrated Government" service strategy, which has formed a relationship between the "British Online" website.
Singapore government portal
Previously, Singapore also established a government website separately from all government departments, and did not integrate integration between each other. In 1999, Singapore's e-government began to have a integrated trend. Some business no longer set up in accordance with the department, but in accordance with the process, the citizen or businesses do not have to consider the governments of each government when handling online business. After completing various relevant procedures, but in accordance with the business process, all of these related business procedures were completed on a single website, and realized the "one-stop" online office.
All of these packaging services can be found through Singapore's government portal (http://www.gov.sg). The government site is like a government white paper, fully represents the government, rather than a government of a government. For example, the site has a unified part of the user feedback, and the user's opinion, suggestions, feedback, etc. here are available through the unified format here.
Unlike the US First.gov, the center site divides government services into government information and electronic services, news announcements, for enterprises information and electronic services, for non-Singapore citizens and electronic services and electronic civilian services. Although it is not as simple as the e-government of G2G, G2B, G2C, which is still divided into G2G, G2B, G2C, but it is still clear, and the setting of the column is clear from the logic. In fact, in terms of e-government, the most important thing is that the business process setting between the front desk and the business coordination processing between different government agencies in the background. It is precisely at this point, Singapore's e-government building is unique, which is praised by people. The most striking is the "Www.ecitizen.gov.sg) and" Government E-Commerce Center "(www.gebiz.gov.sg).
"Electronic Civilian Center" was founded in April 1999, its purpose is to integrate government agencies to be integrated with electronic methods, and easily and conveniently provide all Singapore citizens with a package. "Electronic Civil Center" will divide a person "from the cradle to the grave" life into many stages. In every stage, you can get the corresponding government services, the government department is a "station" in your life trip. . Every "station" has a group of interrelated service packs, for example, in the "Employment Station", you can find these service packs: "Employees" (designed for employers), "Search for job seekers Design), "Retirement", "Improve Skills" and "Work in Singapore" (providing foreigners), etc. At present, there are nine stations in the "Electronic Civilian" website, including commercial trade, national defense, education, employment, family, medical health, housing, laws and regulations, and transportation, and these stations have smartfully of different service functions of different government departments. connect together. For example, in the "Family" station, the "Old Man Care" service package comes from the Health Department, and the "marriage" service package is from the Ministry of Community Development.
The "Government E-Commerce Center" was officially opened in December 2000. It is actually a procurement system of the Singapore government, which integrates the financial system of various departments and institutions of Singapore to work together. The government department's trading partner can get the invitation of government bidding online and purchase bidding documents. Suppliers can ask for invoices online, check payment, and submit product catalogs and bidding. Like the B2B trading center of the private sector, it is also a product of cheap and beautiful products through the fierce competition from many suppliers from all over the world, saving more time through online places, and reducing costs through lower stocks. At present, the Government has reached 110 million US dollars through the "Government E-Commerce Center", and the 80% of government procurement will move to the "Government E-Commerce Center" in the future.
Five recommendations for the construction of our government portal
my country's e-government construction is mainly based on two ways. One is the government online. Government Internet Projects have prompted the number of government websites to increase rapidly. According to the latest statistics, the government internet project has been implemented for three years, and the website established by the national government department has exceeded 10,000, and the net increase of ten times in three years. The second is to establish a longitudinal business application system. my country's longitudinal business application system is increasing in the "Gold" word engineering, from the initial three increases to the present, many government function sectors are also building their own special e-government applications, and hope to be able to "Gold" word works.
However, the negative effects have been fully exposed only according to these two ways. On the one hand, the state has invested a lot of funds, and the enthusiasm of e-government in government agencies at all levels is very high. The number of government websites has increased rapidly; on the other hand, the social application level of government websites always can't mention it, the block segmentation, Information about the island, even though the world is well known, it is no longer. Many private networks say that they are "gold" word project, which cannot be shared. Therefore, the number of information and services provided by each government website is very limited, each other, business The process string cannot be found, the fast, convenient, disclosure, and transparent advantages of e-government will naturally appear. This situation severely restricts the social application level of e-government, which will have an extremely adverse effect on the smooth development of future e-government. Building a government portal can effectively solve this difficult situation. The government portal has begun to be concerned, for example, in my country's e-government construction plan, it has put forward the content of the construction of "two network one stops four", "one stop" means a government portal. On the other hand, most local governments have worked hard in this way, starting to spend a lot of energy to build their government portal. However, from the relevant e-government construction plan, we have lack a clear understanding of the nature, characteristics of the government portal, and the government portal is equivalent to the general government website, other of the government portal and e-government construction. Relevant issues have not been made in a clear arrangement. In addition, in the local government portal, it has achieved certain results in Beijing (www.beijing.gov.cn) and Shanghai (www.shanghai.gov.cn) have achieved certain results, most local governments do It is very unsatisfactory, some even stayed in the government internet stage.
For the construction of future e-government and government portal, the following recommendations are proposed:
I. While continuing to build 12 important business applications, improve government portals in the future of my country's e-government construction, regarding government portals as the core of my country's e-government strategy. That is to say, on the one hand, through the "Gold" word project to improve the work efficiency of important sectors, on the other hand, the integration of office resources through the government portal, eliminating the splitting between "strips" and "block". In order to see an angle, this means that through the development of "gold" word projects to strengthen the supervision of economic life, the essential requirements of "serving the people" in the government through the development of government portals.
At the same time, it is necessary to adjust the government online project and transfer the work to the construction of government portal. Therefore, future e-government should focus on quality and effect from the number of attention.
Second, combine government portal construction with government institutional reform. The new round of government agency reform will adhere to the principles of "streamline, unity, performance", transform government functions, establish behavioral norms, operate coordination, fair transparency, and integrity and efficient administrative system. All of these requirements are consistent with government portals, and government portals can be used as the direction of government agencies.
Third, the hierarchical planning of the construction of government portals. Government portals can be established on the central government, provincial and city (floor) level, and establish a unified management agency. For example, in terms of the provincial level, it is necessary to put on the e-government application system established by those directions and bureaus. It must be put in the province for the functional offices of the Establishing or intend to establish an e-government application system. The planning of the portal site is planned, and the functional departments should not be encouraged to establish their own government websites alone. For example, in the central government level, you can consider establishing a central government portal www.china.gov.cn, unifying the government websites established by the Ministry, and planning the future development. In short, the development of e-government should be planned according to the requirements of the government portal.
Fourth, correctly address the relationship between the internal network and the external network of government agencies. The relationship between the National Information Leading Group on my country's E-government Construction and the relationship between government network and government procedures and "Internet" have been clearly stipulated, it is necessary to emphasize that the "Internet" of the government agencies To meet the unified requirements of the government portal construction, you can manage the unified management agency of the government portal. In addition, government affairs Internet and government external network construction should also accept unified management of this institution. 5. In the current government portal, the government agency is urgent to establish its own government website, and the "outsourcing" business of e-government should not be encouraged. At this time, "Outsourcing" will only strengthen the existing patterns of "politics", which is not conducive to the comprehensive integration of future technology, business and management.
