From: "Informatization Construction"
More than half a year in contact with e-government, is convinced that e-government will flourish in China, and it will play an important and far-reaching impact in interaction with government management innovation. However, both in classroom learning, magazine journals, or online search, there are very few applications about e-government in rural areas. Think carefully, it is true, the rural conditions are poor, and the telephone penetration rate is not high, the per capita cultural level is low, and it is not a new "big leap forward"?
However, in understanding India's Gyandoot Plan and the practice of some parts of my country, it feels that it is not true. As we are well known, we can implement special development plans in rural areas.
Status of domestic and foreign
1, India's Gyandoot Plan
Gyandoot is a unique e-government program in India, which is scheduled to start in November 1999, mainly for rural and tribal services in Dhar. Many local important population information such as income, class, origin, land ownership, creditor, etc. are deposited in the computer, and computerized management. This network system runs through the area of the region and 21 independent operations, which is more convenient to enter the road of people in the village and town center. There, each villager can enjoy a variety of services, such as the provision of origin certificates, house ownership certificates, local welfare and latest agricultural price information. Even if some farmers do not know, they can also understand the price figures appearing on the screen through the operator.
In addition to the above service functions, the villagers can also directly reflect the situation, complaints, such as the lack of agricultural experts, the lack of agricultural experts, the water pump failure, official people's duty, and the sales of fake seeds, inferior fertilizers, and under supervision, There must be a reply within seven days.
India is an agricultural big country. There are 70% of the population being scattered in 600,000 villages. In the case of Indian telecommunications density (fixed line and mobile communication) only 7%, the rustic coverage rate of telecommunications services reached 83%. . Not only that, but they have established new goals: there is a wireless Internet access in any rural radius.
2, some domestic attempts
In September 1998, Zhongshan Agricultural Commission and the Municipal Telecommunications Bureau jointly built Zhongshan Agricultural Information Network. When popularizing agricultural computer network technology applications, Zhongshan Agricultural Information Network purchased a computer for online farmers to give each household 2,500 ~ 3,000 subsidies. , Exemption, free installation, online operation training, and local circulation professional households, cultivate professional households, website, website, website also provides domestic markets (especially South China) market price information, so that the information center has become circulating Information of intermediary organizations.
In 2000, the Liaoning Provincial Department of Agriculture and Billionika Technology Co., Ltd. jointly launched a rural information science and technology demonstration household project, built more than 1,000 "farm nets" in rural areas, these "Internet cafes" is held by farmers, and operates for farmers. Farmers provide accurate and practical business news and promptly post information in time.
In 2001, Beijing Guangcai Agricultural Commission Development and Development Successful Agricultural Information Important Entry Network System, ie "China Agricultural Science Information Entering Village (SPEC System)". As of April 2003, the "Glorious Agricultural Credit Machine" project passed the promotion pilot in 14 provinces and cities across the country, which has played a huge role in rural production and operation. The system is officially pushed to the market in 2003. This system has the following characteristics: (1) Easy to operate: will be handled by literacy; (2) Cost inexpensive: accept information about only 3 angles of money every day; (3) Maintenance: Do not die without a virus, no dead machine. The system's data transmission mode uses packaging compression technology, with an average of about 10,000-word agricultural information, information can be browsed offline, and can be customized according to user needs. This system has broken through the bottleneck of my country's agricultural informationization, "the last kilometer", realizing the entrance households of practical agricultural information. In 2002, in Pingliang City, Gansu Province has established 50 "Farmers Information House" in Pingliang City, it is the first in the country. It fundamentally solves the lack of information on the current rural information, and takes all the way to open all day, free service. The warm welcome of the peasants; rural comprehensive economic information networks that have been professional services for farmers, agriculture, and governments at all levels have been built.
In October 2003, Xuchang City Agricultural Administration and Henan Mobile Company cooperated to conduct a pilot of "Rural Credit" service platform in the local area, help farmers to obtain agricultural information, query agricultural product supply and demand information, market conditions. At present, Xuchang City has already used "Rural Credit" system, many flower farmers, food and agricultural and other plants, farmers, and receive various agricultural information anytime, anywhere, and the agricultural website networking in the country. Post information.
In June 2004, a combination of satellite broadband network and computer Internet, covers the province of Jiangsu Province, with satellite transmission-oriented, broadband agricultural distance training and information service platform, has become one of the best ways of Jiangsu farmers accepted agricultural science and technology training. .
The necessity of promoting the development of e-government in rural
1. Promote agricultural informationization and reduce the gap between the rich and the poor
As we all know, in China, the Niki coefficient of the rich gap between urines and rural areas has been close to the warning line. If all citizens are universally benefited, then information will only further expand this gap, so that the original strong group is stronger, and the weak group is weak, further exacerbating the turmoil of society. In this way, in the future, it will appear in the islands that are scattered, those elites can easily cross these islands with advanced communications and transportation technologies, and feel the "Oceary than neighbor", but at the same time They can't easily face the unbalance caused by the expansion of gaps. They have to worry about the approach from "Ocean" depths, due to unbalanced psychology, the arrival of criminal behavior.
In fact, farmers are not high in informationization, they urgently need to understand dynamic information such as climate environments, national policies, agricultural products, market supply and demand, scientific information and employment training, and provide this information does not require high cost. At this point, there are many countries' experiences worth learning, such as Canada and Singapore to provide a purchase computer for low-income families; Jamaica uses the post office, the UK uses public libraries, and India uses public information booths to facilitate residents to enter government websites.
"Southern Weekend" report in July 2004: China has encountered the first "Millennium" in 20 years. Some scholars are analyzed, this is related to "information transmission lag". On the side of thousands of vacancies, the other side is hundreds of millions of rural surplus labor. We also don't just hear a large number of migrant workers blindly into the city after the Spring Festival, but in addition to the small part of people can find the work, most people can only leave. I think if they don't just have an oral employment information, but more ways to understand the labor demand situation in all over the city, you can avoid the waste of such huge human financial resources. In addition to land and labor capabilities, many farmers have almost all, only the full flow of information can make them have new relying, and they can have a hard work without returning to the hometown and contribute to the local development.
2. Maintain rural order and promote villagers' autonomy and expand employment
Nowadays, the rural young and middle-aged labor and social elites have lost much, because of the population flow and rapid changes, the village public opinion is mostly solved, the village order has become more confusing, and the villagers are difficult to implement. The system represented by the family's family law has no longer existence, and interpersonal relationships and economic benefits are increasingly linked. In this case, the moral obligations constituting attachment in traditional blood relationships are weaker. Interpersonal relationship between rural areas has become more and more indifferent. Many farmers from the back of the hometown have gradually lost their feelings in the past.
It is conceivable that through the implementation of e-government, you can maintain the emotions between farmers and hometown. For example, the township government can establish an online exchange platform, regularly announce the dynamic news of each village, supply and demand of various products; provide online license, etc. Construction and recommendation and advice, and the bridge. In recent years, the state has cultivated a lot of computer talents, most of which only mastered some basic skills, and the work experience is still very short. Through the popularity of e-government in rural areas, this part of the talent can be absorbed, or a batch of rural youth with high school cultural level is employed by short-term training, and cultivate rural informationors.
3, pull new demand, will become a new profit growth point for future companies
Rural is a hidden huge consumer market. No matter however, this market will be excited, who will inspect this opportunity, who can benefit from new profit growth points. As long as the development price is suitable, the operation is easy to operate, and the products that meet farmers 'needs can also mobilize the enthusiasm of farmers' consumption. The above "Brilliance Agricultural Cherism" is an example. Enterprises can also start their own business from cheap computers and network alternatives, rural information, public information kiosks, second-hand computers, and ease of use software.
It is grateful that there have been companies that have begun to pay attention to and enter this market. On July 12, the world's first Chinese CPU has launched Hong Kong Cultural Communications and IBM, which claims to strengthen cooperation, fully promoting the E-Town products of Cultural Communications Group, using low-end network computers, DVD machines, set-top boxes and Multimedia calls bring in China's rural areas.
How to implement e-government in rural
Combined with the current national conditions of the Chinese country, I think: don't have to stick to a single online way, you can take a variety of forms, combined with existing information transmission methods (broadcast, television, telephone, etc.), the service of information and government Feed thousands of households, let farmers feel convenient and practical.
1. Develop cheap network alternatives, such as production prices, simple function, easy to operate network equipment or set-top box; development unified news service UMS technology, such as transceiving Email through telephone, fax, and SMS, making the people can easily acquire Information from the Internet.
2. Take advantage of the agricultural expert system, develop a speech recognition system to reduce the threshold for farmers to obtain information. Farmers need to understand the information you need to pass by phone, and then convert it by speech recognition system, or through information, enter the agricultural expert system, and the system respond quickly, and then feed back the results in accordance with the corresponding form. 3. Establish a public information kiosk in a place where the post office, the village office, the agricultural product trading center and other population flow density is established, and the rural information service is assisted to provide paid information services, and the acquisition part is used to expand the equipment and improve the network.
4. Rural information service is based on the establishment of a farmer information service center, improve the rural scientific and technological information network, integrate dispersion information resources, and provide comprehensive analysis of practical technology information, meteorological information, market price information, and will be provided to farmers. Farmers collect consolidated questions in the production of difficulties in production, and will be given to expert consultation.
5. Before the cheap computer appears, Internet cafes are still an indispensable and economical choice for low-income people. We should survive, will turn around Internet cafes all over the country to develop agricultural informatization frontiers.
6. Establish a universal service telecommunications fund to vigorously promote the universal service of telecommunications. Wireless communication devices can be used to lay wireless communication devices in areas where India taken during the implementation of telecommunications services is not convenient to establish telecommunications wired networks or are basically unopened.
7. Establish a public telephone booth in the low telephone penetration rate.
8. Use broadcast and television to teach online browsing, send and receive mail, query information, etc. Basic operation technology.
9. Open a channel, establish the second-hand computer market in urban and rural areas, and use existing resources reasonably and effectively.
