The basic method of computer maintenance 1. Observing method is observed, it is the first method of maintenance judgment, which runs throughout the maintenance process. Observing is not only serious, but also comprehensively. The content to be observed includes: 1, surrounding environment; 2, hardware environment. Including connector, seat and slot, etc. 3, software environment; 4, user operation habits, process two, minimum system method minimum system means, from the perspective of maintenance judgment, the most basic hardware and software running in the computer can be turned on or running surroundings. There are two forms of minimum system: Hardware minimum system: consists of power, motherboards, and CPUs. In this system, there is no connection to any signal line, only the power supply to the motherboard. During the judgment, it is determined by the sound to determine whether this core component is working properly; software minimum system: consists of power, motherboard, CPU, memory, display card / display, keyboard, and hard disk. This minimum system is mainly used to determine if the system can complete normal startup and operation. For software minimal environments, the software has the following points to explain: 1, the software environment in the hard disk retains the original software environment, just when analyzing judgment, isolation such as unloading, shielding, etc.). Retain the original software environment, mainly to analyze questions about judgment applications 2, software environments in hard disk, only one basic operating system environment (probably unloading all applications, or reinstalling a clean operating system ), Then load the needs of the need according to the needs of the analysis judgment. It is necessary to use a clean operating system environment, it is to determine the system problem, software conflict or soft and hardware conflict. 3. Under the software minimum system, you can add or change the appropriate hardware as needed. Such as: When it is determined to start the fault, because the hard disk cannot be started, you want to check if you can start from other drives. At this time, you can add a floppy drive or simply use a floppy drive in the software minimum system to check. Another example: When determining the fault of the audio and video, you should need to add a sound card in the software minimum system; when judging the network problem, you should add a network card in the software minimum system. The minimum system method is mainly necessary to judge whether the system can work properly in the most basic soft and hardware environments. If you don't work properly, you can determine the most basic soft, hardware to make a failure, resulting in fault isolation. The minimum system method is combined with step-by-step adding method, which can be positioned rapidly in the failure of other board software, and improve repair efficiency. Third, gradually add / remove the step-by-step addition method, based on the minimum system, each time you only add a hunning / device or software to the system, check whether the fault phenomenon disappears or changes, with this to determine and locate the fault location . Gradually remove the method, just in contrast to the step-by-step operation. Gradually add / remove the method generally to fit the fault location more accurately to the replacement method. Fourth, the isolation method is a judgment method that will prevent hardware or software shielding of fault judgment. It can also be used to suspect a hardware that conflict with each other, separating the software to determine whether the fault changes. The hardware and hardware shield mentioned above is to stop its operation, or uninstall; for hardware, it is disabled, disabled, uninstalling it, or simply removes the hardware from the system. V. Alternative alternative method is to replace the Ning Ning that may have faults in replacement, to determine if the fault is disappearing. A good hunger can be the same model or may be different models. The order of replacement is generally: 1, according to the phenomenon of the fault or the fault category in the second portion, it is necessary to carry out the replacement of the Ning or the equipment that needs to be replaced; 2. Alternatively, according to the first simple and complex order.
Such as: first memory, CPU, the main board, and if you want to judge the printed fault, you can take care of whether or not the print driver has problems, and then sadly the print cable has faults, and finally the printer or the parallel port is faulty; 3, First, I checked the connection line, signal line, etc. connected to the Ning Ning connected to the fault, followed by replacing the doubt of the trouble, and then replaced the power of electricity, and finally the other related to it. Yu Ning. 4, from the high failure rate of hunting, the most replacement is the first to replace the Ning Ning. Take a high failure rate, Ning, is replaced first. Sixth, comparative method comparison method is similar to the replacement method, that is, the comparison of the appearance, configuration, operational phenomena, etc., the use of good taking, configured, operational phenomena, etc., can also compare between two computers to determine The fault computer is different from the environment setting, hardware configuration, so that the fault is found. Seven, the lifting cooling method is in the process of the on-site service, the use and maintenance between the use and repair are different due to the limitations of the tool. The temperature rise method in the door-to-door service can be used in the case of the user, try to reduce the ventilation power of the computer, and the heat of the computer itself is warmed; the temperature is: 1) Generally select a low ambient temperature, such as a clear morning or The later time; 2) Realize the computer shutdown 12 to 24 hours; 3) Blow the faulty to speed up the cooling speed with the electric fan to speed up the cooling speed. Eight, the knocking method is typically used in suspected of being able to have a bad failure in the computer, through vibration, appropriate distortion, even or rubber hammering, the special mining, Ning, Ning Ning Now, it is judged a repair method of the fault picking. Nine, there are some computer failures for computer products, often due to more dust in the machine, asking us to pay attention to observing the disk, if there is more dust, if yes, if yes, It should be carried out first, and then subsequent judgment repairs. In the following aspects, the following aspects should be paid to: 1, pay attention to the cleaning of the airway 2, pay attention to the cleaning of the fan's cleaning fan, it is best to clear the dust, point a little bit Watch oil and enhance lubrication. 3, pay attention to the plug, seat, slot, board gold finger part of the clean gold finger, can use the eraser to wipe the gold finger portion, or wipe with alcohol cotton. The removal of the oxidation phenomenon on the metal pins of the plug, seat and slot: First, wipe with alcohol, one is to use a metal sheet (such as a small word ") to gently scrate on the metal pin. 4, pay attention to the cleaning cleaning of the large-scale integrated circuit, components and other pins, apply small brush or vacuum cleaner, etc., while observing the piping without domainless welding and moisture, the component is deformed, discolored Or leakage phenomenon. 5. Pay attention to the tool for cleaning the tool, first is anti-static. For example, a small brush for cleaning, a brush made of natural materials, disable plastic brushes. Second, when cleaning is cleaned using a metal tool, the power supply must be cut, and the metal tool is discharged. Tools for cleaning include: small brush, tiger, vacuum cleaner, rag, alcohol (not available to wipe the chassis, display, etc. Plastic shell). 6. For a more humid, you should find a way to dry it. Available tools such as electric fans, hair dryers, etc., can also be naturally air dried. Ten, several methods and recommendations of software debugging 1, operating system. The main adjustment content is the startup file of the operating system, system configuration parameters, component files, viruses, etc. Repair the operating system startup file. 1) For Windows 9x systems, you can use the SYS command to fix (to ensure the size of MSDOS.sys is 1KB), but requires that the partition parameters should be guaranteed before fixing.
This can be implemented using software such as DiskMap; 2) For Windows 2000 / XP systems, there are two ways - fix the boot file, use the fixboot command; repair the main boot record, use the fixmbr command. Adjust the operating system profile. A. For Windows 9x systems, there are many tools, such as: msconfig command, system file inspector, registry backup, and recovery command (ScanReg.exe, it requires running in the DOS environment. If you want to use scanreg.exe to recover registration Table, it is best to use the second backup file in the listed recovery menu), etc .; B. For Windows 2000 systems, the available tools are relatively small compared to Windows 9x, but some debug commands can be used in Win98 some commands (If the msconfig command under win98 can be used under Windows 2000); C. For Windows XP systems, the available tools are mainly msconfig commands; D. Adjust power management and related services, the commands you can use are, you want to run text Enter gpedit.msc in the box; E. Repellence of all operating systems can be commissioned by the control panel, device manager, and computer manager (None Windows 9x system). Fixed component files (including .dll, .vxd, etc.) are reinstalled by adding delete programs; B. By extracting installation from .cab file; C. Available system file inspector (sfc.exe command) to fix Wrong file; D. Copy from a good machine. Check the virus in the system. It is recommended to use the virus killing software in the command line mode and can directly access the like NTFS partitions. 2, device driver installation and configuration. The main adjustment device driver is matched with the device, whether the version is appropriate, and the corresponding device can respond properly under the action of the driver. A. It is best to automatically recognize the operating system (except for special requirements, such as some special requirements, the sound card driver, the driver of non-plug and playing equipment, and the post-injury is forcibly installed. This is conducive to judging the quality of the equipment; B. If there is a driving of the operating system, it is used first, and it is still not possible to properly or not meet the application needs, then the device comes with the drive; C. Replace the device, first uninstall the driver Replace again. Uninstall driver, you can uninstall from the device manager; then uninstall from safe mode; then remove it in the INF directory; finally by registering; D. Update drivers, if there is a problem, you must uninstall and update first. 3, disk conditions. Check if the partition on the disk can be accessed, whether the medium is damaged, and the file saved is complete. Available adjustment tools: A. Diskmap, easy to find the correct partition; B. FDISK and FDISK / MDR, check whether the partition is correct and restore the main boot record to the original state; C. When the hard disk capacity is greater than 64GB, if you want Re-partition or view the partition, requiring the fdisk command in the snapshot partition floppy disk with a random disk partition. This command can be replaced by the fdisk command under Windows Me; D. Format, Scandisk, the disk detection program provided by the manufacturer, check if the disk media has a bad track; E. When the file is incomplete, it is required to change the incomplete file first. The method described in the operating system is reconstructed. 4, application software.
If the application is compatible with the operating system or other application, use whether or not the configuration is compliant with the description manual, whether the application software is complete, etc.; 5, BIOS settings. 1) The optimal state should be restored before necessary. Suggestion: First restore the BIOS to the optimum state (usually the state of the factory), and then set to the appropriate value according to the needs of the application. 2) BIOS refresh does not have to refresh to the latest version, sometimes it should be injured to reduce the version. 6, rebuild the system. When the hardware configuration is correct, and get the user license, it is recommended to determine the software failure of the operating system by reconstructing the system. In the case of user disagree, it is recommended to use the own hard drive to perform the operation of the reconstruction system. In this case, it is best to rebuild the system, gradually recover to the state of the user's original hard disk to determine the fault point. 1) Reconstruction system, must be based on one-button recovery, followed by recovering installation, and finally is completely reinstalled. Restore installation methods: For Windows 9x systems, you can implement recovery installation directly from the CD, or perform Tools / SysRec / PcRestor.bat. When the recovery installation is recovered, it may affect the normal operation of the installation process due to the existence of Win.com. At this time, it can be reinstalled after the Win.com directory is removed. Another recovery installation is to change the system.1st of the root directory to System.dat overwrite the same name file in the Windows directory, and then restart. But this method is not true to reinstall, and is similar to completely reinstallation. For Windows XP or Windows2000 systems, use its installation disc to start, select the repair installation in the installation interface, two options will appear when R: First, quickly fix, use this option for simple problems; another is a fault repair station, The fault repair station can be enabled if you choose the correct installation directory. The fault repair terms are similar to the DOS interface. 2) To ensure the clean system, execute the fdisk / mbr command (you can also use clear.com) before installation. When necessary, execute the Format
The normal standard of the computer can see the "Lenovo Desktop Computer Test Specification"; 2. Must perform the entire machine according to the content listed in "XX Maintenance Inspection Confirmation", eliminate the failure discovered by the user as much as possible, and timely Exclude. § 2.2 Computer repair operation In the repair process, the following provisions should cause practical attention and attention. First, in the process of performing a fault phenomenon, the repair judgment should avoid the expansion of the fault; II. In the maintenance, you must check, check the packing order and configuration; three, you must communicate with the user. Understand the user's operational process, the operation of the failure, the user uses the level of the computer. Fourth, the first thing to pay in maintenance is to observe - observation, observation, and then observe! ! ! 1. Surrounding environment: power environment, other high-power electrical appliances, electricity, magnetic field conditions, machine layout, network hardware environment, temperature and humidity, environmental clean level; whether the desktop of the computer is stable. Whether the peripheral equipment is deformed, discolored, odor, etc .; 2. Hardware environment: cleanliness, temperature and humidity in the chassis, the jump line settings, color, shape, smell, etc. Whether the connection is correct; there is no error or miscondack, a short-needle / break, etc.; the user is installed with other devices that can be operated by other devices that can run related to the machine; 3. Software environment: A. System What software is loaded, they have other soft and hardware have conflicts or mismatched places; B. In addition to standard software and settings, to observe the drivers of equipment, motherboards and systems, whether the patch is installed, whether it is appropriate; Whether the fault to be processed is a recognized bug or compatibility problem in the industry; other applications and configurations of users are appropriate; 4. Observation during the power-on process: the temperature, odor, odor, smoke, etc .; if the system time is correct 4. Observing the time of disassembly and packing: There must be a good habit of recording the original installation status of Ning, and we must seriously observe the shape, color, original installation status of the Ning Ningyuan device; 6. Observe The user's operational process and habits, and whether it meets the requirements. 5. Before the repair, if dust is more dust, or suspect is caused by dust, it should first remove the dust. For its unfamiliar applications or equipment, it should be handled after carefully read the user's manual or other related documents. Seven, usually pay more attention to the technical information and other engineers from the "Technology Expansion", "Technical Engineering Information Notification" to accumulate their experience and improve the level of maintenance. Eight, the maintenance engineer is prohibited to install the floor for the user. If the user wants to install the ground, please contact the official electrician to install it. Nine, if you want to make a fault judgment through a comparative method, the user's consent should be obtained first. X. In the process of carrying out the repair judgment, if it is possible to affect the data stored in the user, it is necessary to do a good job, or protect measures, and obtain the user's consent to continue. Eleven, when a large number of similar faults (not only possible to determine if a batch failure), be sure to take the surrounding environment, connected equipment, and other mining or equipment related to the fault picking Ning. Check and record to identify the root cause of the fault. Twelve, the treatment of random faults. Randomness fault refers to: randomized crash, random error error, randomness, unstable phenomena. The processing idea for such faults should be: 1. Care hardware, especially when the on-site service. Be sure to make hardware replacement on a certain analysis after sufficient software debugging and observation. If you are not sure, it is best to perform hardware replacement operations in the maintenance station. 2. Software adjustment is mainly.
