Computer Science Connotation and Extension
Zeng Yi
Transfer from Microsoft China
To learn computer science, we believe that there is at least one of the connotation and extension of computer scientific research. For computer-based students who have just enrolled, although I have learned a long time, I still feel very confused, what is most people in computer science research may not be clear, this article focuses on computer science research category In order to inspire students.
Talking about the computer scientific direction in the history of computer science is the US Computer Association. In 1946, the United States established the US Computer Association ACM (Association for Computing Machinery) in Washington, DC. Forward-looking forecast: divide the development direction of computer disciplines into three parts:
[1] Research on computer basic issues:
(1) Calculation Theory: (THEORY OF Computation)
The calculation theory is to calculate and calculate the mathematical theory of machinery.
The main contents include:
1. Algorithm: Accurate Description of the Process
2. AlgorithMics: The design, analysis and verification of the research algorithm of the system
3. Computational complexity of computational complexity: Calculation complexity disciplines in various problems.
4. Compurative Theory: Theory of mathematics theory of the calculated general nature.
5. Automata theory: To study the function and structure of discrete digital systems and mathematics theory of the main content.
6. Form language Theory: The syntax theory of natural language and manual language is studied with mathematical methods.
(2) Computational Geometry: (Computational Geometry)
The computer representation, analysis and integrated emerging marginal disciplines of geometric profile information is studied. It is a mathematical basis for computer-assisted geometric design (CAGD).
The main contents are as follows:
1. Bezier curve and surface 2.B spline curve and surface 3. Confucius
(3) Parallel calculation: (Parallel Computation)
The so-called parallel calculation is "simultaneously executing" multiple calculations
His extension has:
Parallel Zing Compilers
Parallel Programming Language
Parallel Processing System
Parallel Database
Parallel Algorithm
(4) Formal method (FORAL METHOD)
Establish software development methods based on strict mathematics. During the whole process of software development, from demand analysis, regulations, design, programming, system integration, testing, documentation, to maintain all phases, and how to use strict mathematics language, it is called formalization. method.
(5) Programming Language Theory: (THEORY OF Programming Language)
Research on the discipline of writing computer program language.
Main content: study grammar, semantic, pragmatic, and advantages and destitutes in programming language.
(6) Artificial intelligence:
One of my country's artificial intelligence founders, Professor, Beijing University of Science and Technology, is defined in artificial intelligence: artificial intelligence is imitating, extension and expanding the intelligent technology science of people and nature. Education in the United States artificial intelligence official website made the following definition of artificial intelligence:. Artificial Intelligence, or AI for short, is a combination of computer science, physiology, and philosophy AI is a broad topic, consisting of different fields, from machine vision TO EXPERT Systems. The element that the Fields of ai Have in Common Is The Creation of Machines That Can "Think".
Research problem:
(1) Symbolism: (Symbolics)
Symbol calculation and programming foundation
Knowledge expression method: knowledge and thinking, generating rules, language network, first-order word logic
Problem method: search strategy, heuristic search, search algorithm
Regulations
Predicate calculation: Candarin principle, attribution process
Expert system: Establish a method and tool of expert system
(2) Connectionism (Neural Network Science)
The neural network school has strive to break through some frontier problems of artificial intelligence by studying the working conditions of life nervous organization. 1988 US authority pointed out: database, network development has risen straight, and neural networks may be the only way to solve artificial intelligence.
[2] system:
(7) Architecture:
The Moore Law of the Computer World: Computer hardware performance is doubled every 18 months, and now it is basically able to maintain this speed. The high computer architecture requires a lot of human material, and our domestic, National Defense Science, Harbin Institute of Technology. jobs.
Current new computers include: optical computer, quantum computer, biological computer.
(8) Network and communication:
At present, the United States has already paved the second generation of Intel., used for distance teaching, remote diagnosis (such as mechanical diagnosis) my country's second-generation Inter-network collaborative national key laboratory, the responsible unit, regarding the specific research content We will be involved in future articles.
(9) Object-Oriented: (OOA, OOD, OOP)
Design classes and methods and processes of the class constructor, simulate real-world objects with computer objects.
(10) Constraint program design:
The relationship expression containing variables is called constraints.
(11) Software Engineering:
Application of computer science, mathematics and management science, development software engineering
CMM divides the grade of software projects into 0-9, China's software design is level 3
(12) Software quality control:
Software Quality: Reflecting the Software Systems or Software Products to meet the sum of the characteristics of clear or implicit demand.
(13) Real-time system and embedded system:
Real-time system: The time standard is completely equal to the system of the system original model.
Embedded System: The system embedded in other systems as an information processing component.
(14) Database System (Database System)
NTRMI DBS.DBS is a collection of computer software / hardware resources that implement organized, dynamically stored a large number of related structured data, and a collection of computer software / hardware resources using databases. That is, a computer system for database technology.
(15) I / O in large-scale calculation
Implementation of information exchange with peripherals in large-scale computing.
[3] Computer Application:
(16) Scientific and engineering calculations:
This range is very wide, simply talk about: biological information processing, weather forecast, etc.
(17) E-commerce and digital library
(18) Human-machine interaction: 3D virtual reality: more prominent surgical surgery
(19) Computer education: used for teaching, cultivate computer talents
Regarding the future of the future, we may wish to understand that the Chinese Academy of Sciences has made the following aspects of China's computer scientific development trend: summing up: mmoon
That is: a large-scale computer multimedia processing capability open system structure -oriented network calculation will create a human harmonious computing environment.
Let's talk about the main line of calculating scientific research, see if there is any inspiration to everyone: talk from the bottom
Application layer:
Mobile computing and global positioning computer automatic control computer auxiliary manufacturing computer integrated manufacturing system
Robotics Calculation Visualization and Virtual Reality Data and Information Retrieval Computer Creative Computer Network Application Software
Scientific computing multimedia information system computer-aided design information management and decision system natural language processing
Pattern Identification and Image Processing Technology Computer Graphics Calculation Geometric Manual Intelligence and Knowledge Engineering
Data representation with storage network and open system interconnection standard software test technology human machine engineering (man-machine interface)
Computational scientific professional base layer:
Software Development Methodology: Software Engineering Technology, Program Design Methodology, Software Development Tools and Environment, Software Development Specifications
Coding Theory Cipher Computer Architecture Project Theory Data Representation Theory and Database System
Electronic computer system basic computer interface and communication computer network and data communication technology automatic reasoning
Fault Diagnosis and Device Test Technology Fault Tolerance Technology Compilation Technology Operating System Advanced Language Program Design
Design and Analysis Compilation and Interpretation Technology of Digital System Design Symbol Calculation and Computer Algebra Data Structure Technology
Calculate the scientific basiba:
Control Theory Basic Digital System Design Basic Information Theory of Foundation Network Theory (Petri Network Theory, etc.)
Box diagram theory algorithm theory can be calculated (induced) computational complexity programming language theory
Calculation Model (Various Abstract Machines) Models and Non-classic Logical Affairs Collection Theory Form Language and Automata
Mathematics and physical layer:
Numerical Analysis and Calculation Method of Foundation Number and Analog Circuit Basics of Basic Electronics Basic Electronics Basic Electronics
University Physics Function The Theory of Foundation (Rehabilitation Functions, Calculation, Functional Analysis) Pan - generation Probability Theory and Mathematical Statistics
Algebraic Logic Foundation of Partial Mathematical Abstract Algebraic Mathematics Abstract Algebraic Mathematics Abstract Algebraic Mathematical Abstract Algebraic Mathematics
Space Analysis Geometric Mathematics Analysis of the Number of Higher Algebra of Boolean
