First part of the general rules
Chapter 1 Basic Principles and Methods for Computer Maintenance
Chapter 2 Computer Maintenance Procedure and Maintenance Operations Precautions
The second part common fault judgment
Chapter 1 Plus Failure
Chapter II launched and closed faults
Chapter 3 Disk Class Failure
Chapter 4 shows the fault
Chapter 5 Installation Fault
Chapter 6 Operation and Application Fault
Chapter 7 Local Area Network Fault
Chapter 8 Internet Category Failure
Chapter 9 port and peripheral fault
Chapter 10 audio and video failure
Chapter 11 Compatible Fault
Part III Appendix
Basic knowledge of hard drive
Several methods for saving hard drives
Hard disk logic lock
Windows Blue Board Interpretation
Practical port Daquan (Chinese version)
Chapter II launched and closed faults
First, definition example
The fault related to the startup, closing process. Starting means that the problem occurred from the process of self-test to the process of entering the operating system application interface; the shutdown system refers to all processes between the power disconnection from the click to turn off the button.
Second, possible fault phenomenon
1. Cancer during the startup process, error, black screen, repeated restart, etc.
2. Report a file error during the startup process;
3, during the startup process, always do some should not operate (such as always disk scan, start an abnormal application, etc.);
4, can only start with security mode or command line mode;
5. Failure, error, or crash when logging in;
6. Cancer or error when turning off the operating system.
Third, the campaign that may involve
BIOS settings, startup files, device drivers, operating system / application configuration files; power, disk, and disk drives, motherboards, signal lines, CPUs, memory, and possible other boards.
Fourth, judgment points / order
1. Preparation before maintenance
1) Disk data line;
2) a multimeter;
3) Reproduction software.
2, environmental inspection
1) Machine surrounding and appearance check:
A. Whether the city's electrical connection is sloppy, there should be no phenomenon that is too loose or inserted;
B. Does the host hard disk indicator shine correctly, should not have a phenomenon of brighter or normally.
C. Whether the system is odor, whether the temperature of the component is high;
D. Observe if the speed of the CPU fan is not enough, or if it is too slow or unstable;
E. Whether there is an abnormal sound when listening to the drive.
2) Drive connection check:
A. Whether the power connection of the drive is correct and hurt. Whether the power supply connection socket on the drive is false;
B. The jumper setting on the drive does not match the position of the drive on the cable;
C. Whether the drive data cable is connected or missed, whether the specifications are consistent with the technical specifications of the drive (such as supporting the DMA66 drive, you must use the 80-core data cable);
D. Does the drive data cable failure (such as exposed core wire, dead or hard marks), in addition to judging by observation, can also be checked by replacing a data cable;
E. Whether the drive is connected to the system via other boards or by other boards (such as hard disk protection cards, dual network isolation cards, etc.).
3) Check the installation of other hunger:
A. Check the fault to disappear by re-inserting the Ning (including CPU, memory) (including CPU, memory) (before re-plugging, you should do dust removal and clean gold finger, including slots). If you always be solved by re-plugging, check whether the pickup is installed, is it too loose, whether the size of the rear file is not suitable, the socket is too tight, inserted inserted or extruded;
B. Check if the CPU fan is in good contact with the CPU. It is best to install it once.
4) Observation of the content displayed: Pay attention to the contents of the screen error, the location of the dead, to determine where the fault may occur.
3. Trouble judgment
1) Follow the user to communicate with the user to understand the processes that cannot be started and the operations of users;
2) BIOS settings check:
A. Whether to have a hardware that has been replaced by different models. If the motherboard BIOS supports the booteasy function or the BIOS security switch is turned on, it is recommended to turn it off. After the complete start is complete, turn it back; b. Do you add a new hardware. At this time, the added hardware should be removed, see if the fault disappears, if it is, check if the added hardware is faulty, or if the settings in the system are correct (by comparing the new hardware manual);
C. Check the settings in the BIOS, such as starting order, start the device parameters of the disk. It is recommended to recover CMOS;
D. Check if the BIOS problem (including settings and functions) causing the operating system to start or close, the renovation will be renamed the BIOS.vxd (or vpbiosd.vxd) of the Windows directory to BIOS.OLD, then restart, or close If the fault disappears, it is solved by modifying the BIOS device or updating the BIOS, otherwise it is not related to the BIOS. Note After the test is complete, you must change it back to the original name (Note: In addition to Windows 98, other operating systems have no files);
E. In some special circumstances, it should be hurt to upgrade the BIOS to check. Such as: For the first start-up startup, some applications or devices cannot work, in addition to the problem of checking the device itself, you can be injured to update the BIOS to resolve.
The following checks should be performed under the software minimum system.
3) Disk logic check:
A. According to the error prompt during the startup process, check whether the partition on the disk is correct, whether the partition is activated, is formatted;
B. Check if the hard disk is partitioned, format;
C. Add another fail-free drive (such as a floppy drive or optical drive) to check if you can start from other drives (if you use a floppy drive, it is best to use Seagate's detection floppy disk.). If you can, the checks of steps 3), 4), otherwise the fifth) step is performed; then, whether the partition is activated, there is no chance, etc.
D. Whether the startup partition on the hard disk is activated, whether the startup file or command used when there is startup;
E. Check if the startup partition on the hard drive can be accessed, if you cannot, check if the hard disk is faulty with the corresponding manufacturer's disk detection. There is a fault, replace the hard disk; in the event of a fault, by initializing the hard disk, if the fault still exists, replace the hard disk;
F. When using other drives, it cannot be started, first remove the hard drive, see if it can be started, if it is still not, it is still not possible to check the Ning in the software's smallest system, including the hard disk drive and disk transfer - Disk interface, power supply, memory, etc. If it is activated, it is best to initialize the hard disk once, if the fault does not disappear, then replace the hard disk;
G. If you want to initialize your hard drive, but the user has useful data, it is recommended that the user finds the data repair company to resolve.
4) Operating system configuration check:
A. For prompts with file errors, the file should be fixed according to the corresponding software debugging method mentioned in the first part;
B. In the case where you cannot start, it is recommended to "select the last start" or restore the registry to the registry to recover the registry of the registry with ScanReg.exe to check if the fault can be eliminated;
C. Check that there is a third-party program in the system in operation, or improper settings or device drivers in the system caused abnormal startup. In addition to the autoexec.bat and config.sys files, you should block these two files, check whether the startup fault disappears; d. Check the boot settings, the items in the launch group, the key value in the registry, whether to load it. Unnecessary procedure;
E. Check if there is a virus. Requires in one system, only one antivirus software is installed;
F. If necessary, check the fault in the startup by one-button recovery, recovery, etc.
G. When the display is not normal (such as black screen, flower screen, etc.), should be checked according to the judgment method of the display class failure, but should first pay attention to whether the driver of the display device is normal, the display setting is correct, it is best to change change Check the standard VGA mode.
5) Hardware taking the Ning check:
A. If the started drive is connected by additional control card, connect the drive directly in the default drive interface (on the motherboard);
B. After the normal system is started under the software, you should gradually return to the original configuration status, and the positioning caused to cause normal startup;
C. Pay attention to check the power supply capacity, that is, whether the output voltage is within the allowable range, whether the fluctuation range exceeds the permissible range (see "Maintenance Tool User Manual");
D. The inspection of the drive, the method of determining the fault of the disabled disk class;
E. Hardware sadness, should be injured from memory: Use a memory detection program to determine if the memory part is faulty, the location of the memory installation should be installed from the first memory slot, and whether the memory specification is checked for installation. Consistent, compatible, etc. See Appendix Second to the relevant part of Appendix Second to the memory specifications.
6) For phenomena that cannot be properly shut down, check from the following aspects:
A. View the bootlog.txt file in the command prompt (in the root directory). This file is a boot registration file. It records the record of failure when the system works. Saves a record of the system working properly, compares the problem after the problem, finds the problematic driver, in Win.ini System To find the option corresponding to the driver, or find the associated corresponding key value, change or upgrade the driver in the registry, it is possible to solve the problem;
B. Upgrade BIOS to the latest version, pay attention to CMOS settings (especially APM, USB, IRQ, etc.);
C. Check if there are some system file damage or not installed (see Appendix Second (3) related content)
D. Problems caused by applications, turn off the application in the boot group, check whether the sound program when the shutdown is corrupted;
E. Check if there is a device that cannot be turned off normally, such as a network card, a sound card, can be checked by updating the driver or replacement hardware;
F. Check the patched or upgrade operating system;
G. For shutdown issues for the Windows 98SE system, see Appendix Second (3). One of them has attracted the discussion of other Windows systems.
V. Judgment flow of this type of fault
See Appendix (2).
Sixth, case
Case number one:
Description of the problem: Customer computers Install the Win 2000 Professional operating system, start a blue screen each time, report Memory Error.
Solution: Arrive at the client, faulty, to understand the situation, and the customer has installed a memory bar before the failure is installed, and this type of failure has occurred. After shutting down, unplug the memory strip, turn it back, still blue screen, but no more reported Memory Error. Injury, Win 2000 is high for hardware, and the fault is a fault that appears after the memory is installed, which can basically determine the original hardware and software system of the machine. Restart the computer again, press the F8 key when booting, select Enter "VGA mode", which can start normally and log in. After running a normal login, restart to standard mode, the computer starts normally, to this, the troubleshooting. Case 2:
Problem Description: The client machine is run a malicious program, causing a dialog in each startup, and the dialog cannot be turned off, only forced end, the client machine has important programs, and does not want to reinstall the operating system.
Solution: First, if you suspect it is a virus, you can't kill if you use common anti-virus software. Enter "Msconfig" in "Start" - "Run", but the program cannot be found in the "Start" group. Run "scanreg" and restore the registry to the oldest version of the fault. Finally, I have to edit the registry, run "regedit", "HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE / SOFTWARE / Microsoft / WINDOWS
/ Currentversion / run, find the corresponding program file name, remove the corresponding key value, restart, troubleshoot. (Note: It is recommended to register the "Export" function of the Registry Editor before changing the registry.)
Chapter 2 Computer Maintenance Procedure and Maintenance Operations Precautions
§2.1 Computer maintenance steps
Maintenance of the computer should follow the steps below:
First, understand the situation
That is, before the service, communicate with the user, understand the situation before and after the fault, performs preliminary judgment. If you can understand that the fault has as detailed before and after the failure, the accuracy of the on-site maintenance efficiency and judgment will be improved. Understand whether the user's failure and technical standard have conflict.
Understand the situation to the user, the analysis judgment method in the second part should be communicated with the user. This will not only initially judge the fault location, but also help the corresponding maintenance spare parts.
Second, the reproduction fault
That is, when communicating with the user, confirmation:
1. Whether the user repairs the fault phenomenon is existing, and the preliminary judgment of the seen phenomenon is determined to determine the next operation;
2. Have other faults exist.
Third, judgment, repair
That is, it is judged, positioned, and the process of generating a fault is found, and the process of repairing is made. In the process of judging the judgment repair, the principles, methods, precautions, and second, and three parts described in the "Maintenance Judgment" below should be followed.
Fourth, test
1. After repair, you must check, confirm the fault phenomenon of the recovered or discovery, and the user's computer does not have other visible faults. Normal standards of computer machine, see "Lenovo Desktop Computer Test Specification";
2. Must perform the entire machine according to the content listed in "XX Maintenance Inspection Confirmation", eliminate the failure of the user's unrecognized failure as much as possible, and seasonly exclude.
§2.2 computer maintenance operation
During the maintenance process, the following terms should cause practical attention and attention.
1. In the process of performing a recurring failure, the repair judgment should avoid the expansion of the fault;
Second, when repairing, you must check, check the boxes and configurations;
Third, it must be fully communicated with the user. Understand the user's operational process, the operation of the failure, the user uses the level of the computer.
Fourth, the first thing to pay in maintenance is to observe - observation, observation, and then observe! ! ! 1. Surrounding environment: power environment, other high-power electrical appliances, electricity, magnetic field conditions, machine layout, network hardware environment, temperature and humidity, environmental clean level; whether the desktop of the computer is stable. Whether there are abnormalities such as deformation, discoloration, and odor;
2. Hardware environment: cleanliness, temperature and humidity, and hip line setting, color, shape, smell, etc., color, color, or wrong connection, etc. / Broken needle, etc.
3. Software environment:
A. What kind of software is loaded in the system, they have conflict or mismatch with other soft and hardware;
B. In addition to the standard software and settings, it is necessary to observe the driver of equipment, motherboards and systems. If the patch is installed, whether it is appropriate; whether the fault to be processed is the industry's recognized bug or compatibility problem; other applications and configurations of users is it suitable;
4. Observation during the power-on process: the temperature, odor, whether it is smoke; if the system time is correct;
5. Observing the time of disassembly and packing: There must be a good habit of recording the original installation status of Ning, and we must seriously observe the shape, color, original installation status of the Ning Ningyuan device;
6. Observe the user's operational process and habits, and whether it meets the requirements.
5. Before the maintenance, if dust is more dust, or suspected that dust is caused,
6. For applications or devices they are not familiar with, they should be handled after carefully read the user's manual or other related documents.
Seven, usually pay more attention to the technical information and other engineers from the "Technology Expansion", "Technical Engineering Information Notification" to accumulate their experience and improve the level of maintenance.
Eight, the maintenance engineer is prohibited to install the floor for the user. If the user wants to install the ground, please contact the official electrician to install it.
Nine, if you want to make a fault judgment through a comparative method, the user's consent should be obtained first.
X. In the process of carrying out the repair judgment, if it is possible to affect the data stored in the user, it is necessary to do a good job, or protect measures, and obtain the user's consent to continue.
Eleven, when a large number of similar faults (not only possible to determine if a batch failure), be sure to take the surrounding environment, connected equipment, and other mining or equipment related to the fault picking Ning. Check and record to identify the root cause of the fault.
Twelve, the treatment of random faults. Randomness fault refers to: randomized crash, random error error, randomness, unstable phenomena. The handling of this type of fault should be:
1. Carefully change the hardware, especially when the service is available. Be sure to make hardware replacement on a certain analysis after sufficient software debugging and observation. If you are not sure, it is best to perform hardware replacement operations in the maintenance station.
2. Software adjustment is mainly. The adjustment is:
1) Set the BIOS as the factory state (note the BIOS switch position)
2) Killing virus
3) Adjust the power management
4) Adjust the system operating environment
5) If necessary, do disk finishing, including disk defragmentation, cleanup and media inspection of useless files (note, should be carried out in the case where the disk partition is normal and the partition hollow space is sufficient).
6) Confirm that there is no user self-installed hardware, if any, confirm its performance / compatibility.
7) Comparison with a failed machine comparison. One way of this comparison is that inserting the tap nemay (including software) in the faulty machine in the same way as the faulty machine, see the change of the invoice, when inserted into a After Ning, there was no problem with the faulty machine, and it can be sentenced to Ning's fault. Note that the contrast of this approach should be thoroughly made to prevent leakage may have two kinds of homing to cause the same fault. 13. Efforts should be struggled to learn related technical knowledge, master the installation, use of the operating system, the use of the configuration tool, etc .; understand the meaning of each configuration parameter and the applicable range.
XIV, request support to need attention
1. Hardware and configuration information (as far as possible)
2. Software and configuration information (as far as possible)
3. Surrounding environment
4. Complete failure phenomenon description. That is, the failure of the user's first repairs, the changes in the fault phenomenon after repair operation. (Clear description)
5. Maintenance operations (detailed)
§2.3 Basic ideas for computer maintenance
In order to help repair engineers, find the relevant content in the second part, and list the basic judgment ideas herein, for injury.
The second part common fault judgment
This section classifies the computer from the boot until the fault during the shutdown period. The judgment of each class is the organic component of the "Maintenance Judgment" section in the first part, that is, whether or not, the two parts are always used in combination with each other.
The fault phenomenon listed in the following troubleshoots is only part of many fault phenomena, and some can be classified in it, and some cannot be classified. Therefore, this manual provides the method and ideas of the corresponding judgment only for the fault phenomenon listed and categorous therefrom, and provides basic exclusion methods. For other faults that cannot be classified, we will continue to collect, organize summarize in the future work, and then enhance this "desktop computer maintenance instruction manual".
Chapter 1 Plus Failure
First, definition example
From power-on (or reset) to the self-test completion of the failure of the computer during this process.
Second, possible fault phenomenon
1. The host cannot power up (such as the power fan does not turn or turn it down, etc.), sometimes it can not be powered, turned off the gate, chassis metal partial charge, etc .;
2, boot no display, boot alarm;
3, self-test error or crash, the configuration displayed in the self-testing process does not match the actual situation;
4, restart repeatedly;
5, can not enter the BIOS, refresh the BIOS and crash or report the error; CMOS is powered down, the clock is not allowed;
6, machine noise, automatic (timing) boot, power supply equipment problem, etc. Other faults.
Third, the campaign that may involve
Municipal electric environment; power supply, motherboard, CPU, memory, display card, other possible board; setting in the BIOS (can be replied to the factory status by discharging); the switch and switching line, the reset button, and the reset line itself failure.
Fourth, judge the point / order.
The following text narrative part is a supplementation and description of the maintenance judgment process, and it is necessary to read the flowchart. In addition, this chapter only analyzes the failure of the power-on, and can be transferred to the corresponding fault to the judgment process. The following are the same.
1. Preparation before maintenance
1) POST card;
2) a multimeter;
3) Trial electric pen;
4) CPU load.
2, environmental inspection
1) Check the computer device:
A. Whether there are deformation, discoloration, odor inside and outside the surrounding and computer equipment;
B. The temperature and humidity of the environment;
C. After power-on, pay attention to the neutralization, component and other equipment, variability, discoloration, odor, temperature abnormal occurrence.
2) Check the city's situation:
A. Check if the market is in the range of 220V ± 10%, whether it is stable (ie, there is often a common power outage, instantaneous power outage, etc.); b. Wiring definition of the main electricity is correct (ie, left zero, not allowed The zero line is used (phenomena is shorter), and the neutral line should not have a dirty or false connection.);
C. Whether or not there is a leakage protector on the power supply line (and must be grounded on the fire), whether there is a ground wire or the like;
D. Does the host power line in a stroller inserted in the mains socket, should not have a phenomenon that is too loose or inserted, and whether the other end is hurt on the host power supply, should not have a transparent or inserted. Case.
3) Check the internal connection of the computer:
A. Can the power switch will be normal, the sound is clear, free, and the contact is poor;
B. Other buttons, the switch is turned off.
C. Whether the signal line connected to the outside is open, short circuit, etc.
D. Host power is properly connected in the respective sockets of each major hunger, especially the motherboard;
E. Board, especially the jumper settings on the motherboard are correct.
4) Check to pick up the Ning installation:
A. Check if foreign countries in the chassis are short-circuited;
B. or Zero Ning installation causes short circuits (such as short circuits caused by the P4CPU fan on the back of the motherboard);
C. Check the fault to disappear by re-inserting the Ning Ning (including CPU, memory) (before re-plugging, you should do dust removal and clean gold finger, including slots). If you always be solved by re-plugging, check whether the pickup is installed, is it too loose, whether the size of the rear file is not suitable, the socket is too tight, inserted inserted or extruded;
D. Check the installation of the memory, requiring memory installations to be installed in order from the first slot. If this is not the case, please reappear.
5) Check the phenomenon of power-on:
A. When pressing the power switch or reset button, observe whether the indicator is normal;
B. The work of the fan (power supply and CPU, etc.), should not have no action or only actions;
C. Pay attention to whether the motor, the motor, the driver, etc. have a normal operation of sound or the sound of the sound;
D. The host can power it, but no display, listen to the host is normal to self-test (ie, the self-test completion, the hard disk light can be flashed) If there is, check whether the display system is faulty, otherwise check the host problem;
E. For the problem of boot noise, you should distinguish the large part of the noise, in general, the noise is Ning Ning, the hard disk, the optical drive, and the soft drive mechanical tinning. For the fan, it should be checked by dust removal. If noise is reduced, some clock oil can be dripped at the fan axis to enhance lubrication.
3. Trouble judgment
1) Check the host power supply:
A. The host power supply is short of the green line and the black line in the plug of the motherboard without the load, see if it can be powered, and check if there is a voltage output;
B. Whether the voltage value of the output is inspected within the range permitted by the multimeter;
C. In the case where the load is connected, the fluctuation range of the output power supply is exceeded by the multimeter;
D. For the power supply plus, only the situation of stopping work, should first determine whether the power supply is empty or whether it can work properly on other machines (ie check the three points mentioned above);
E. If the power supply is not directly from the city, it is obtained by a regulator device. Pay attention to whether the regulator device used by the user is intact, or whether it is compatible with our products. 2) Check whether the minimum system in the hardware is normal when booting, check whether the minimum system in hardware is normal.
A. View whether the code displayed by POST is a normal value (see the code definition in the Service User Manual);
B. For the code displayed in the Post card, check all the hunger related to it. If the code is related to the memory, the motherboard and memory should be checked;
C. Listen to the minimum system of hardware, there is no alarm sound, if there is no inspection, the key should be in the minimum system;
D. Inspection, it should also be noted that when the hardware minimum system has alarm sound, it is required to insert a fail-free memory and display card (except integrated display card). If there is no alarm sound, there is no alarm sound, and there is display or self-test completion. Sound, prove that the minimum system in hardware is basically no fault, otherwise, the motherboard should be mainly checked;
E. When preparing to replace the CPU, the CPU load should be used, check if the power supply voltage of the motherboard is within the allowable range, and the CPU replacement operation can be performed in the case of normal voltage. If the range is exceeded, replace the motherboard directly. The CPU voltage allows the value of the "Maintenance Tool User Manual";
3) Take a check:
A. If the minimum system in the hardware is Ningjing, after the POST card check is normal, you should gradually add other boards and equipment to check which of the neutralization or equipment is problematic;
B. For the Ning Ning of the Power Display Failure, it should be checked if the rear file size is not suitable, which can be checked by the rear file check.
4) BIOS settings check:
A. Check if the fault is disappeared by clear CMOS;
B. Setting in the BIOS whether it does not match the actual configuration (such as disk parameters, memory type, CPU parameters, display type, temperature setting, etc.);
C. Update the BIOS to check if the BIOS is disappeared as needed.
5) Other inspections:
A. In the environment in which the leakage protector is connected, it must first check that the wiring on the main electrical socket is correct (ie, press the left zero right fire, the upper floor connection method; the zero line can not be short) , Check whether the leakage protector is correctly connected to the fire line, whether the capacity is too small, then check the number of devices connected to the wire line in the line (especially the number of computers - when the operation current of the leakage protector is 30mA It should be connected to 16 ~ 20 computers), and finally check the phenomenon without leakage or leakage current in the whole machine;
B. Check that there is no ground in the user environment. In a non-grounded environment, touch the metal part of the host will have a homework. At this time, after the ground, the machine can operate normally, and the mapping phenomenon disappears, it is normal, not a fault;
C. For the case where the BIOS cannot be entered, or if you cannot refresh the BIOS, you can first stroke the failure of the motherboard;
D. For the case of repeated restart or shutdown, in addition to pay attention to the environment of the city, if the plug is inserted, it should pay attention to whether the power supply or the motherboard is faulty;
E. Whether there is a third-party switch control software is loaded in the system, it should be uninstalled.
V. Judgment flow of this type of fault
See Appendix a (1).
Sixth, case
Case number one:
Problem Description: The machine of the geni-2c / 766, the motherboard is the elite P6Sep-me V2.2D, when the memory is not inserted in DIMM1, the power is not displayed, but the machine does not alarm.
Solution: Tested, when DIMM1 is not inserted, even if DIMM2, DIMM3 plug in memory, it is nothing out. When DIMM1 is plugged in, whether it is inserted on DIMM2 and DIMM3, it is open. Inquiring early weekly reports, this problem is because the memory of this model integrated graphics card is shared physical memory, and the physical memory required by the memory is to obtain from inserted on DIMM1. When DIMM1 is not interrupted At the time, the integrated graphics card cannot be displayed from physical memory, so the user does not show up.
Case 2:
Problem Description: When each computer is turned on, the system will always stop running in the place where 512k cache is displayed. What is the reason?
Solution: Since it is a problem that it is or after the display cache is now a problem. Remember usually boot, this item is turned to the hard disk to start the operating system. Therefore, it is not a problem that is not a cache, that is, the fault of the hard disk. Remove the hard drive to other computers, confirm that the hard disk is good. This is the most commonly used method for checking computer failures - replacement rule.
Now we focus on the cache, enter the CMOS settings, prohibit L2 Cache, the storage exit, restart the machine, the computer can work normally, which can be determined to be the problem with L2 cache.
Touch the cache chip on the motherboard and find that some chips are very hot, and it is estimated that there is a problem. It is right again to confirm the problem.
Touch bypass: If the machine is found to be dead, after a while, use the hand touch the cache chip on the motherboard, find the hotter, you can close the secondary cache in the CMOS, discover if it is dead, and finally defined the fault.
Case 3:
Problem Description: Users use T Kashi 2600 P4 1.6G 12840DSF (special 5409) computer, bootless, how do users now consider how to solve?
Solution: Check the user's environment, found that the user machine comes with two graphics cards - the motherboard integrates a graphics card, there is another separate TNT2 M64 32M graphics card, some customers are not familiar with the computer when they have just purchased the computer, The line received the graphics junction of the motherboard integrated, which will cause the boot to be no obvious, but the host works fine at this time.
If you encounter the user repair and startup or monitor failure, please prompt the customer to check the environment. If it is incorrect, the prompt is corrected, the problem can be resolved.
Part 1 --- General
Chapter 1 Basic Principles and Methods for Computer Maintenance
The principles, methods, etc. of the second part of the second partial classification need to be seriously observed.
§1.1 Basic principles should follow computers:
First, carry out the maintenance judgment must start from the simplest thing
Simple things, on the one hand, the other hand refers to a simple environment.
Simple things are observations, including:
1, environment around the computer - location, power supply, connection, other equipment, temperature and humidity, etc .;
2, the phenomenon of the computer, the content displayed, and the difference between them and the normal conditions;
3, the environment inside the computer - dust, connection, the color of the device, the shape of the Ning Ning, the status of the indicator, etc.
4, computer hardware and software configuration - how hardware, resources are installed; use it to make an operating system, which is installed on it; the hardware setting driver version, etc.
The simple environment includes:
1, the minimum system will be mentioned later;
2. In the judging environment, only basic operation of the Ning / Software, and the doubtful taking the Ning / Software;
3. In a clean system, add users' application (hardware, software) to analyze and determine from simple things, conducive to energy concentration, which is conducive to the determination and positioning of faults. Be sure to note that judgment and repair must be performed by serious observation.
Second, according to the observed phenomenon, "I want to do it first"
I want to do it first, including the following aspects:
The first thing is, I want to do it first, where to start, and actually do it. It can also be said that it is first analyzed, and then repairs.
Second, for the observed phenomenon, please check the relevant information as much as possible, see if there is a corresponding technical requirements, use characteristics, etc., then combine the content you want to talk about according to the information you want, and then repair it.
Finally, in the process of analyzing judgment, according to their existing knowledge, experience is judged, I don't know if I don't know or don't understand it, I must first consult an experienced colleague or your technical support engineer. Seeking help.
Third, in most computer maintenance judgments, "must be" soft after:
That is, from the process of judge the entire maintenance, it is always judged whether it is a software failure, first checks the software problem, when the can be confirmed, if the fault does not disappear, then the hardware will be checked.
4. During the maintenance process, it is necessary to distinguish the master, that is, "grasping the main contradiction"
When recovering a fault phenomenon, sometimes there is more than one fault, but there are two or more faults (such as: the startup process, but the machine is also started, After starting, there is a crash, when it is, it should be judged that the main failure phenomenon, when repairing, repairs the secondary failure, sometimes it is possible to repair the phenomenon.
§1.2 Basic methods for computer maintenance
First, observation method
Observing, the first to be the first method during the process of repair, it runs through the entire repair process. Observing is not only serious, but also comprehensively. The content to be observed includes:
1, surrounding environment;
2, hardware environment. Includes plugs, seats and slots, etc .;
3, software environment;
4, the habit of user operation, process
Second, the minimum system method
The smallest system refers to the most basic hardware and software environment that makes the computer boot or run from the perspective of maintenance judgment. Minimum systems have two forms:
Hardware minimum system: consists of power, motherboards, and CPUs. In this system, there is no connection to any signal line, only the power supply to the motherboard. In the process of judging, it is determined whether the core component is working properly.
Software minimum system: consists of power, motherboards, CPUs, memory, display card / displays, keyboards, and hard disks. This minimum system is mainly used to determine if the system can complete normal startup and operation.
For the software's smallest environment, there is a few points to "Software" to explain:
1. The software environment in the hard disk retains the original software environment, just when analyzing the judgment, isolation such as unloading, shielding, etc.). Retain the original software environment, mainly to analyze problems in judging applications
2, the software environment in the hard disk, only one basic operating system environment (probably unloading all applications, or reinstalling a clean operating system), then load the needed application based on the needs of the analysis judgment. It is necessary to use a clean operating system environment, it is to determine the system problem, software conflict or soft and hardware conflict.
3. Under the software minimum system, you can add or change the appropriate hardware as needed. Such as: When it is determined to start the fault, because the hard disk cannot be started, you want to check if you can start from other drives. At this time, you can add a floppy drive or simply use a floppy drive in the software minimum system to check. Another example: When determining the fault of the audio and video, you should need to add a sound card in the software minimum system; when judging the network problem, you should add a network card in the software minimum system. The minimum system method is mainly necessary to judge whether the system can work properly in the most basic soft and hardware environments. If you don't work properly, you can determine the most basic soft, hardware to make a failure, resulting in fault isolation.
The minimum system method is combined with step-by-step adding method, which can be positioned rapidly in the failure of other board software, and improve repair efficiency.
Third, gradually add / remove
Gradual addition method, based on the minimum system, each time you only add a hunning / device or software to the system, to check if the fault is disappearing or changing to determine and locate the fault location.
Gradually remove the method, just in contrast to the step-by-step operation.
Gradually add / remove the method generally to fit the fault location more accurately to the replacement method.
Fourth, isolation method
It is a judgment method that will be possible to prevent the hardware or software shield of the fault judgment. It can also be used to suspect a hardware that conflict with each other, separating the software to determine whether the fault changes.
The hardware and hardware shield mentioned above is to stop its operation, or uninstall; for hardware, it is disabled, disabled, uninstalling it, or simply removes the hardware from the system.
V. Alternative
The replacement method is to replace the Ning Ning that may have faults in replacement, to determine whether the fault is disappearing. A good hunger can be the same model or may be different models. The order of replacement is generally:
1. Investigate the need for replacement or equipment according to the fault phenomenon or the fault category in the second part;
2, replace it in a simple summary order. Such as: first memory, CPU, the main board, and if you want to judge the print fault, you can take care of whether or not the print driver has problems, and then take care of whether the print cable has faults, and finally the printer or the parallel port is faulty;
3, the first quarter to check the connection line, the signal line, etc., the signal line, etc., after the problem, the signal line, etc., will be replaced, and then the replacement of the power supply, the Ning, and finally related to it. Other hunarings.
4, from the high failure rate of hunting, the most replacement is the first to replace the Ning Ning. Take a high failure rate, Ning, is replaced first.
Sixth, comparative law
The comparative method is similar to the replacement method, that is, the comparison of the appearance, configuration, operation phenomenon, etc., can also be compared between the two computers with the comparison, the comparison of the appearance, configuration, operation phenomena, etc. Set, hardware configuration, thus finding the fault location.
Seven, lifting temperature
During the door-to-door service, the upgrade method is different due to the limitations of the tool. The temperature rise method in the door-to-door service can be used in the case of the user, try to reduce the ventilation power of the computer, and the heat of the computer itself is warmed; the temperature is: 1) Generally select a low ambient temperature, such as a clear morning or The later time; 2) Realize the computer shutdown 12 to 24 hours; 3) Blow the faulty to speed up the cooling speed with the electric fan to speed up the cooling speed.
Eight, beat the law
Type of hitting is generally used in suspected of a poor in the computer with poor contact, through vibration, appropriate distortion, or even use rubber hammering to make a restriction of the chanting or equipment, the fault retrieve the fault, thus judging A maintenance method of failure picking.
9. Suggestions for cleaning computer products
Some computer failures are often caused by dust in the machine. This requires us to pay attention to the weapon in the repair process. If so, in addition to dust removal, follow-up Judgment repair. In the dust removal operation, the following aspects should be paid to: 1, pay attention to the cleaning of the air
2, pay attention to the cleaning of the fan
During the cleaning process of the fan, it is best to clean it after cleaning it, you can take a few a few hours, and strengthen lubrication.
3, pay attention to the cleaning of the plug, seat, slot, board gold finger part
The gold finger can be cleaned with eraser, or wipe with alcohol cotton.
The removal of the oxidation phenomenon on the metal pins of the plug, seat and slot: First, wipe with alcohol, one is to use a metal sheet (such as a small word ") to gently scrate on the metal pin.
4, pay attention to the cleanliness of large-scale integrated circuits, components, etc.
When cleaning, remove dust or vacuum cleaner, etc., while observing the phenomenon without durable welding and moisture, the components are deformed, discolored or leakage.
5, pay attention to the cleaning tool used
Cleaning tools, first is anti-static. For example, a small brush for cleaning, a brush made of natural materials, disable plastic brushes. Second, when cleaning is cleaned using a metal tool, the power supply must be cut, and the metal tool is discharged.
Tools for cleaning include: small brush, tiger, vacuum cleaner, rag, alcohol (not available to wipe the chassis, display, etc. Plastic shell).
6. For a more humid, you should find a way to dry it. Available tools such as electric fans, hair dryers, etc., can also be naturally air dried.
Ten, several methods and suggestions for software debugging
1. Operating system.
The main adjustment content is the startup file of the operating system, system configuration parameters, component files, viruses, etc.
Repair the operating system startup file.
1) For Windows 9x systems, you can use the SYS command to fix (to ensure the size of MSDOS.sys is 1KB), but requires that the partition parameters should be guaranteed before fixing. This can be implemented using software such as DiskMap;
2) For Windows 2000 / XP systems, there are two ways - fix the boot file, use the fixboot command; repair the main boot record, use the fixmbr command.
Adjust the operating system profile.
A. For Windows 9x systems, there are many tools, such as: msconfig command, system file inspector, registry backup, and recovery command (ScanReg.exe, it requires running in the DOS environment. If you want to use scanreg.exe to recover registration Table, it is best to use the second backup file in the listed recovery menu, etc .;
B. For Windows 2000 systems, the available tools are relatively small compared to Windows 9x, but some debug commands can be used in WIN98 (such as the msconfig command under Win98, can be used under Windows 2000);
C. For Windows XP systems, the available tools are mainly msconfig commands;
D. Adjust the power management and related services, the commands you can use are to enter GPEDIT.MSC in the "Run" text box;
E. Debugging all operating systems can be commissioned by the control panel, device manager, and computer manager (None of Windows 9x system).
Repair of component files (including .dll, .vxd, etc.)
A. Reinstall by adding a delete program;
B. By extracting installation from .cab file;
C. The system file inspector (sfc.exe command) can be used to fix the error file; d. Copy from a good machine.
Check the virus in the system.
It is recommended to use the virus killing software in the command line mode and can directly access the like NTFS partitions.
2, device driver installation and configuration.
The main adjustment device driver is matched with the device, whether the version is appropriate, and the corresponding device can respond properly under the action of the driver.
A. It is best to automatically recognize the operating system (except for special requirements, such as some special requirements, the sound card driver, the driver of non-plug and playing equipment, and the post-injury is forcibly installed. This is conducive to judging the quality of the equipment;
B. If there is a driving that comes with the operating system, use it first, and it is still not possible to enter the drive;
C. Replace the device, uninstall the driver and replace it. Uninstalling the driver, you can uninstall from the Device Manager; then uninstall it from the security mode; then remove it in the INF directory; finally uninstall by registry;
D. When updating the driver, if there is a problem directly to upgrade, you must first uninstall and update.
3, disk conditions.
Check if the partition on the disk can be accessed, whether the medium is damaged, and the files saved on it are complete.
Available adjustment tools:
A. DiskMap, easy to find the right partition;
B. FDISK and FDISK / MDR, check whether the partition is correct and enables the main boot record to the original state;
C. When the hard disk capacity is greater than 64GB, if you want to restrict or view the partition, you are required to use the fdisk command in the random disk partition floppy disk. This command can be replaced by the fdisk command under Windows ME;
D. Format, Scandisk, the disk detection program provided by the manufacturer, check if the disk media has a bad track;
E. When the file is incomplete, the incomplete file is required to be renamed first, and then reconstruct it in the method described in "operating system".
4, application software.
If the application software is compatible with the operating system or other application, use whether or not the configuration is compliant with the description manual, the application software, the data, etc. is complete;
5, BIOS settings.
1) The optimal state should be restored before necessary. Suggestion: First restore the BIOS to the optimum state (usually the state of the factory), and then set to the appropriate value according to the needs of the application.
2) BIOS refresh does not have to refresh to the latest version, sometimes it should be injured to reduce the version.
6, rebuild the system.
When the hardware configuration is correct, and get the user license, it is recommended to determine the software failure of the operating system by reconstructing the system. In the case of user disagree, it is recommended to use the own hard drive to perform the operation of the reconstruction system. In this case, it is best to rebuild the system, gradually recover to the state of the user's original hard disk to determine the fault point.
1) Reconstruction system, must be based on one-button recovery, followed by recovering installation, and finally is completely reinstalled. Restore installation methods:
For Windows 9x systems, the recovery installation can be implemented directly from the disc installation, or perform Tools / SysRec / PCRESTOR.BAT. When the recovery installation is recovered, it may affect the normal operation of the installation process due to the existence of Win.com. At this time, it can be reinstalled after the Win.com directory is removed.
Another recovery installation is to change the system.1st of the root directory to System.dat overwrite the same name file in the Windows directory, and then restart. But this method is not true to reinstall, and is similar to completely reinstallation.
For Windows XP or Windows2000 systems, use its installation disc to start, select the repair installation in the installation interface, two options will appear when R: First, quickly fix, use this option for simple problems; another is a fault repair station, The fault repair station can be enabled if you choose the correct installation directory. The fault repair terms are similar to the DOS interface. 2) To ensure the clean system, execute the fdisk / mbr command (you can also use clear.com) before installation. When necessary, execute the Format
3) Be sure to use a random version of or genuine operating system installation medium.
Chapter 3 Disk Class Failure
First, definition example
The disk class fault referred to here is two aspects: one is a fault caused by hard disk, optical drive, floppy drive, and its media; another is to affect the hard disk, optical drive, and floppy drive to Ning (such as motherboard, memory, etc.) failure.
Second, possible fault phenomenon
1, hard drive
1) The hard disk has an abnormal sound, the noise is large;
2) The hard drive cannot be correctly identified correctly in the BIOS, the hard disk indicator is always on, and the hard disk interferes with other drives.
3) Cannot be partitioned or formatted, the hard disk capacity is incorrect, the hard disk has a bad track, data loss, etc.
4) Logical drive letter loss or change, and visits the hard disk;
5) Hard disk data protection failure;
6) Third-party software causes a hard disk failure;
7) The fault caused by the hard disk protection card.
2, floppy drive
1) The floppy drive indicator is not lit or constant, and the disk drive is large;
2) Flopically driven, floppy disk cannot pop up or insert;
3) The floppy disk cannot be formatted, the floppy drive is not read, the floppy drive interferes with the normal work of other drives or devices or applications;
4) The file written in a flop drive cannot be read in another floppy drive;
5) The soft drive letter is lost or changed, and the fault report is wrong;
6) The floppy drive is not installed.
3, optical drive
1) Optical drive noise, optical drive, optical drive tray, can not pop up or close, optical drive reading capability, etc.
2) Light drive character is lost or changed, and the system can not detect the optical drive.
3) Crafts or reports when accessing the optical drive;
4) CD media causes the optical drive to work properly.
Third, the campaign that may involve
Hard disks, optical drives, floppy drives, and other settings, disk interfaces, power, signal lines on the motherboard.
Fourth, judgment points / order
1. Preparation before maintenance
1) Disk data line;
2) Corresponding disk detection software;
3) Reproduction software, etc.
2, hard drive
1) Environmental examination
A. Check your hard drive connection:
a) Whether the ID jumper on the hard disk is correct, it should match the location of the connection to the cable;
Whether the data cable connected to the hard disk is connected or reversed;
c) Whether the hard disk cable is damaged or hard-to-fold. Can be checked by replacement of the cable;
d) Whether the hard disk cable type is consistent with the technical specifications of the hard disk;
e) whether the hard disk power is connected correctly, and should not have a phenomenon that is too loose or inserted.
B. Hard disk appearance check:
a) Whether the components on the hard disk board have deformation, discoloration, and fault defects;
Whether there is a durable or dewrapping phenomenon in the hard disk power outlet;
c) After power-on, the indicator light is not bright or constant when the hard disk is self-test; whether the indicator light is on normal;
d) After power-on, listen to whether the running sound of the hard drive is normal, there should be no abnormal sound and excessive noise.
C. Power supply inspection of the hard disk:
a) Whether the supply voltage is within the allowable range, whether the fluctuation range is within the allowable range.
2) Trouble judgment
A. It is recommended to check under the software minimum system and determine whether the fault disappears. Doing so can exclude the impact of other drives or homogeneous Ning to hard disk access.
B. Parameter and setup check:
a) Whether the hard disk can be correctly identified correctly, the identified hard disk parameter is correct; whether the transmission mode setting of the IDE channel is correct (preferably set to "automatic"); whether the displayed hard disk capacity is actually consistent, formatted Whether the capacity is consistent with the actual situation (note that the general nominal capacity is labeled in units of 1000, while the formatted capacity in the BIOS is displayed in units of 1024, between 3% to 5% between the two. Another formatted capacity is generally less than the capacity displayed in the BIOS). The capacity of the hard disk is much smaller than the actual capacity, if the actual capacity is small, please refer to the relevant instructions in the user manual than the actual capacity.
c) Check if the current motherboard's technical specifications support the technical specifications of the hard drive used, such as support, support for high transmission rates, etc.
C. Hard disk logical structure check: The relevant part of the cluster starting class fault judgment points.
a) Check that the partition on the disk is normal, whether the partition is activated, is formatted, whether the system file exists or complete;
For hard drives that cannot be partitioned, formatted, the hard disk should be replaced without a virus. If the replacement is still invalid, it should be checked whether the hardware minimum in the software minimum system is faulty;
c) Repair or initialize the operation if necessary, or reinstall the operating system completely;
D. System Environment and Settings Check: The relevant part of the cluster start class fault judgment points.
a) Pay attention to check whether there is a virus in the system, especially the guided virus (such as checking KV3000 / K commands, or checking with a mem.exe command);
Seriously check whether there is a third-party disk management software in the operating system to run; whether the settings for the IDE channel in the device manager are appropriate;
c) Whether an inappropriate service is opened. It should be noted here that ATA drives may have an abnormality in some applications, it is recommended to see if it is uninstalled to see if the abnormal phenomenon disappears;
E. Hard disk performance check:
a) After powering, if the hard disk sound is abnormal, if there is no work or work is not normal, check if the power supply is problematic, whether the data cable is faulty, whether the BIOS settings are correct, and then hurt if the hard disk itself is faulty ;
The hard disk detection program provided by the corresponding hard disk manufacturers should check if the hard disk has a bad or other possible fault;
F. For questions caused by the hard disk protection card, you should be sad from the following aspects:
a) Install the hard disk protection card, you should pay attention to closing the virus warning in the CMOS, set the mapping address in the CMOS to not use (disable), set the first startup device in CMOS to LAN; the optical drive and the hard disk should be connected Different IDE data lines.
If you forget the administrator password of the hard drive protection card, for the version 1.0 version Alt 133, Alt 144, the number of 10 groups (must be used with a keypad), for version 3.0, enter Enpq at the administrator password, get A set of data, then dial 800 to get the password;
c) Machines with hard drive protection cards, booting red screen, should be solved using dedicated tools. Please refer to the relevant "technical engineering information notification";
d) For the case of certain data trays, it is necessary to check: whether these data discs are the private data discivities for the boot disk; whether the partition type is identified by the operating system of the boot disk; On the 8GB hard disk, whether a FAT16 partition belonging to the guide disk after 8GB (of course, the guide disk supports the FAT16 file system); the exclusive partition of the guide disk is more than 3; E) The hard disk protection card is not protected, To check if the user turns the hard disk protection, to enable the hard disk protection, you can press F4 before entering the system (which should be installed in advance), if not, you can reinsert the hard disk protection card. Under Windows, you should check if the driver software is installed;
f) After the hard disk protection is enabled, the original system on the hard disk is not retained, whether the user's original system is divided by third-party software. At present, the hard disk protection card can only protect the FDISK of the operating system to partition the partition;
g) In the hard disk protection mode, each restore, if there is not normal shutdown, a multiple prompt appears to perform a disk scan, in administrator mode, add autoscan = 0 in the msdos.sys file;
h) For the phenomenon of garbled, it is necessary to run the setup.exe in the administrator mode in the administrator mode;
3, floppy drive
1) Environmental examination
A. Flip drive is in a certain situation, similar to the hard disk inspection method.
B. Check the connection of the floppy drive:
a) The connection cable is installed correctly, and there should be no phenomenon inserted or inserted;
The location of the floppy drive connection should be consistent with the value set in the BIOS;
c) Whether the power connection of the floppy drive is correct.
C. Flip drive appearance check
a) Whether there is foreign matter in the floppy drive;
Whether there is deformation, discoloration, odor, etc. on the board and its components.
D. Whether the quality of the floppy plate used is too poor;
2) Trouble judgment
A. The inspection of the floppy drive should be added to the software minimum system, or check the hard disk after checking. And when necessary, remove the outer inspection of the chassis;
B. Check for hard drives. However, pay attention to: whether the settings for the floppy drive can be read or prohibited in the BIOS;
C. Check the hard drive's read, write capabilities, on the one hand, the inspection of its own reading and writing ability, on the other hand, the inspection of the switching ability of the floppy disk, that is, if the floppy disk written in a failed flush can be in another A normal floppy drive is read. If you can't, replace the floppy drive;
D. The floppy disk is the most susceptible to infectious viruses. Therefore, it must pay attention to the examination of the virus.
4, optical drive
1) Environmental examination
A. Check the drive connection:
a) Whether the ID jumper on the optical drive is correct, it should match the position of the connection to the cable;
Whether the data line connecting the optical drive is incorrect or reverse;
c) Whether the optical drive cable has damage or hard tobacity. Can be checked by replacement of the cable;
d) Whether the optical drive connection line type is consistent with the technical specifications of the optical drive;
e) Whether the optical drive power supply is properly connected, there should be no phenomenon that is too loose or inserted.
B. Optical drive appearance check:
The components on the optical drive circuit board have deformation, discoloration, and fracture defects;
c) whether there is a durable or dewrapping phenomenon in the optical drive power socket;
d) After power-on, the optical drive self-check indicator is not bright or normally lit; if the indicator light is normal, it will flash properly;
e) After power-on, listen to whether the operation of the optical drive driver is normal, there should be no abnormal sound and excessive noise.
2) Trouble judgment
A. The inspection of the optical drive is used to apply the hard disk in the minimum system of the optical drive. And when necessary, remove the outer inspection of the chassis. When checking, start with a bootable disc to initially check the fault of the optical drive. If you don't read it properly, check it in the software minimum system. The most sad is the optical drive; b. Checking methods for hard drives;
C. CD-ROM performance check:
a) For the fault of the ability to read the disk, first sadly account the impact of the anti-virus software, then use a random disc to be detected, such as fault recovery, replacement maintenance, otherwise, according to the needs of the user, the corresponding processing;
If necessary, by refreshing the FormWare of the CD-ROM drive does not disappear (if a CD disc is placed in the CD drive, the system is not normal, and the optical drive is not normal, and this method is paid.);
D. Configuration check in the operating system:
a) Whether the application software under the operating system supports the technical specifications of the current drive drive;
Whether the settings in the Device Manager are correct, the settings of the IDE channel are correct. Unload the drive drive to restart if necessary to re-identify the operating system.
V. Judgment flow of this type of fault
See Appendix (3).
Sixth, case
Case number one:
Description: Xiao Wang is a computer maintenance personnel of a company, the office machine is Lenovo 2000 model, 13G hard disk, due to long-term computer and data not maintained, system startup and operation is slow, will C Important data on the disk is copied to the D disk, and then the Lenovo system recovery software will then copy the Windows98SE system in the hidden partition to the C drive. If you restore 10 minutes, restart again, and enter the Windows98 system normally. However, after entering the system, it is found that the extension partition that is originally divided into PM is not seen in the expansion partition, how is it? Xiao Wang is in a embarrassing situation ...
Solution: First, look at Lenovo Machine Random Information, which is written "may not support the partition format of PM, etc., please use fdisk ...", it may be to destroy the original hard disk partition table when system recovery, is there any What is the solution? I have to enter MSDOS or enter the PM. I have a primary partition and an extension partition without other partition information. At this time, I think of the software Diskman, enter MSDOS, run diskman, first warned that the partition table is incorrect, Diskman Although the hard disk is still recognized into two partitions, it also has the function of re-detect the partition table. Re-detection the partition form has two ways of automatic and interaction, select the latter, Diskman starts detecting the originally existing partition table on the hard disk by pillar. After a long time, the original three partitions included Lenovo system recovery software hidden backup partitions were detected, maintain partition format, everything is normal.
Comments: User Application Or in the user's partition, the power-on, the hard disk will result in an error in the hard disk partition table. Do not worry about this problem, to analyze the problem, check the relevant information, such as related software and computers Data, with related software or tools, if it is the working principle of the hard disk, the application of related software or tools is not very well understood, you must find relevant information or ask people.
Note: Diskman hard disk partition table maintenance software, running in the MSDOS environment, using the full Chinese graphical interface, no need for any Chinese character system support. The detailed structure of the partition table is revealed in the form of the chart, supports the mouse operation, supports large hard drives such as 8G and Unix, NTFS, and the like.
Case 2:
Problem Description: One user Tianyi 2,5311 model, the user reflects the FileCD tool in NTI cd-maker plus in the random software (BenQ CD-RW), the progress is very fast to 100%, but There is no prompt that is formatted, and the forcibly shut down dialog cannot be turned off. Finally, I have to end the task. Record the hard drive with NTI CD-Maker Plus, the burn progress is displayed during the burning process, and prompts the burn, put the recorded disc in the optical drive, prompting the disc. Solution: First injury is the software problem of plug-in filecd in NTI cd-maker, upgrade NTI CD-Maker software to V5.08, V5.13, is not resolved, upgrade to v5.15, still watching filecd The version is the same as the version of the user's filecd, and the 2.0.10 subsequent version is not improved in the function of the erased disc. Injury, take the additional burning software, use Nero to test (version V5.5.9.0), and use the software to perform fast erasure, then burn the disc, still happen. But there is no such problem with Sony's CD-RW disc.
Comments: When erases the disc and the burning software and recorders have a lot of relationships, requiring engineers to get rid of problems from multiple angles when solving problems.
Case 3:
Description: One user is driven by the user, the user purchases the optical drive, according to the user, it is said that the optical drive is tested when purchasing the optical drive, and the optical drive does not have any problems. The data sheets and VCDs can be read normally, but return home. After the optical drive, turn on the system, all discharged only the CD-like tags on the drive from the drive. The user returns to the purchase of the optical drive to the test machine, and the problem is recovered.
Solution: After the inspection, the optical drive's data interface is bent, resulting in the data in the driver to not be identified normally.
Chapter 6 Operation and Application Fault
First, definition example
Such faults mainly refer to the application and system failure that occurred before the shutdown is completed.
Second, possible fault phenomenon
1. Woke up normally after sleep;
2. The fault phenomenon such as blue screen, crash, illegal operation occurred in the system operation;
3, the system is slow;
4. Run an application, resulting in hardware functionality;
5, the game is not working properly;
6, the application cannot be used normally.
Third, the campaign that may involve
Motherboard, CPU, Memory, Power, Disk, Keyboard, Plug-in, etc.
Fourth, judgment points / order
1. Preparation before maintenance
1) Clean available hard drives;
2) Anti-virus software;
3) as new drivers, a number of versions of BIOS;
4) Data cable connected to the disk.
2, environmental inspection
1) City electricity and connection check:
A. Check whether the mains is normal, whether it is sloppy; if there is a ground;
B. Whether the cable between the devices is wrong or missed.
2) Peripheral and appearance check:
A. Check whether other peripherals work connected with the host is normal;
B. Is there an abnum when the driver works, whether the speed of the CPU fan is too slow or unstable;
C. Observe whether there is too much dust in the chassis, causing indirect contact with each insert. First remove the dust fingers, remove the oxide or dust. Then re-insert;
D. Whether the system has a odor, whether the temperature rise of the components is too high or too fast.
3) Display and set check:
A. Detailed record error information, judging the location that may cause malfunction;
B. Note that the CMOS is set to the hard disk, system time, and CPU temperature. Note whether the hardware information displayed in the self-test and whether the machine configuration is consistent;
C. Read the software's guide carefully, pay attention to the environmental requirements of the software. 4) Communicate with users:
A. Understand the user's usage;
B. Phenomenon before the failure;
C. What do you have to do now.
According to the above understanding, it is initially judged to determine the cause of possible failure.
3. Trouble judgment
1) Check if it is caused by user misunderstanding
A. When the machine appears, the blue screen or no reason is restarted. First, we must first consider whether the user's operation meets the operating specifications and requirements. To carefully ask, if the user's operating method is in line with the common sense, and the engineer uses the correct way to operate, apply Users' machines to see if the user's repairs will appear. If there is no, it can be considered to be improperly operated by the user, and the engineer explains and demonstrates the correct operation method.
B. If the above operation fault is still present, the available system file inspector checks if the user's machine system has a lost DLL file and tries to recover.
C. Note that the user's machine has no rules in the crash, blue screen or no reason, and find out the cause of the machine failure (such as a machine starts at a certain time when running a program).
D. By comparing the same and no failed machines with another hardware, see if the file size of the fault is the same or the difference is not large, and the version of the main program is consistent.
2) Check if the virus or antivirus process causes malfunction
A. Check if the user's machine is infected by viral, using anti-virus software anti-virus;
B. Check if the user has two or more anti-virus software, it is recommended that the user uses one of them and uninstall other anti-virus software;
C. Check if there is a Trojan, use the latest version of the anti-virus program to find the Trojan. You can make up for security vulnerabilities in the program by installing patches, or install a firewall.
3) Check if the problem is caused by the problem of operating system
A. Check if the hard disk has enough remaining space and check if the temporary file is too much. Solid hard disk space, delete unneeded files;
B. For system file corruption or loss, you can use the system file inspector to check and repair;
C. Check if the operating system has a proper system patch (for WinNT to observe the service pack version, recommended using SP6; Win2K and WinXP can be viewed in the system properties, Win2K recommends using SP3, WinXP recommends using SP1.) ;
D. Check if the DirectX driver is normal, upgrade the DirectX version;
E. Check if the driver of the device is installed correctly, and if the driven version is appropriate. Check that the order in which the drive is installed is correct (for example: first installing the motherboard driver).
4) Check if it is conflicted by software, compatible
A. Check if the operating environment of the user application is compatible with the existing operating system (NT / 98 / 2K / XP), can find relevant information on the software manual or to the application software page, and see if there is anything on the webpage This software upgrade program or patch can be installed.
B. Available Task Manager Observe if there is an abnormal program in the background of the faulty machine, and try to close the program only to keep the most basic background program.
C. Pay attention to see if there is a shared DLL file in the fault, solve the problem by changing the installation order or installation directory.
5) Check if the hardware setting is incorrect
A. First, check if the CMOS settings are correct, recover the default value;
B. Check if the hardware is normal, the interrupt has conflict, if there is a conflict, adjust system resources (for some hardware, read the instructions, follow the instructions to properly set the hardware);
C. Remove the hardware drive in Device Manager, reinstall the driver (best to install the correct driver), check whether the hardware driver returns to normal; d. Run the hardware detection, such as the AMI and other detection hardware failures;
E. In the case of software minimum system, re-update the hardware driver, and observe whether the fault disappears.
6) Check if it is compatible
A. When encountering compatibility issues, check the hardware specifications and standards (such as when using multiple memory, check whether the memory is the same manufacturer, the same specifications, the same capacity, memory particles), whether it is allowed to be used together.
B. Read the instructions or to the webpage to find relevant information, check the software requirements required for the user's hardware, and whether the software environment meets whether the software is supported.
C. Check if the user's system resources have conflicts in the device manager, such as conflict, manually adjust the system source.
D. Check if the hardware of the user machine is installed correctly, update the appropriate version of the device driver (such as some graphics cards that come with Win2000 or WinXP, can cause certain large 3D games that cannot be running) ;
E. Check the maintenance BOM to remove non-Lenovo hardware, check whether the system can work properly, such as working properly, it is recommended that the user replaces the hardware or find hardware related information to solve it.
7) Check if it is caused due to network failure
A. Touch the machine to connect to the network, when the crash, slow operation, blue screen, etc., should first turn off the network, isolate network environment, observe whether the fault disappears, if the fault disappears, the network problem is faulty.
B. Verified the problem caused by a network problem, and its judgment and the resolution of the strict network part.
8) Check if the hardware is poor or damaged
A. Use the appropriate hardware detection programs to check if the hardware is faulty. If so, use the replacement method to exclude the corresponding hardware;
B. Check the hardware failure that the detection program cannot judge.
Chapter 5 Installation Fault
First, definition example
This type of fault is mainly reflected in the failure of installing an operating system or application software.
Second, possible fault phenomenon
1. When installing the operating system, crash or report in the file replication process; crash or error in the system configuration;
2. Install the application software when the error, restart, crash, etc. (including replication and configuration procedures);
3. The system is abnormal after the hardware device is installed (such as black screen, not start, etc.);
4. If the application software is uninstalled, it cannot be installed, or the unloading will not wait.
Third, the campaign that may involve
Disk drives, motherboards, CPUs, memory, and other possible hunning, software.
Fourth, judgment points / order
1. Preparation before maintenance
1) Pay attention to the carrying disk data line;
2) The latest version of the device driver is adapted.
2, environmental inspection
1) Software installation
A. Check the connection and appearance of the hardware device:
a) Check if other equipment connected to the host is normal;
Whether the cable between the device is connected or missed. Connecting the plug, the clutch of the seat has a deformation, missing, short circuit, etc.
c) Carefully check the error information, and determine the location that may cause a fault;
d) Whether the system has odor and the temperature of the component;
e) whether the speed of the CPU fan is too slow or unstable;
f) Whether there is an abnormal sound when the driver is working.
B. Other terms check:
a) Carefully control the user's use manual, confirm the soft and hardware configuration of the machine in accordance with the manual;
Carefully observe if the installation medium is intact.
2) Equipment installation
A. Check the connection and appearance of the device:
a) The equipment to be installed, whether the Ning is connected correctly, the connection cable is intact, the needle has a pointer, a break, or a short phenomenon; whether the equipment to be installed, whether the production process of hunting Ning is excellent;
c) The remaining software is installed.
B. Driver Media Check: Whether the driver media used to install the device is intact.
3. Trouble judgment
1) Operating system installation:
A. Check the settings in CMOS:
a) If you need, please restore it to the factory settings;
Turn off the booteasy function, turn off antivirus function, and turn off the BIOS anti-write switch;
c) Pay special attention to the parameters of the hard disk, the temperature of the CPU, and the like. Note whether the information displayed in the self-test is observed to match the actual hardware configuration.
B. Installation media and target media check:
a) Check if there is a virus;
Check that the partition table is correct, whether the partition is activated. Using the fdisk / mbr command to ensure that the main boot record is correct (Note After using this command, if the machine can't start, you can prove that there is a virus or error in the original system. Hard disk should be initialized;
c) Check if there is a third-party memory resident program in the system.
The following procedure is recommended to check under the software minimum system (Note: Under the minimum system, you need to add other drives related to the installation).
C. Installation process check:
a) If you have a file or other files such as CAB, copy the original file to another medium (such as a hard disk). If it is normally passed, the original installation medium is problematic, and it can check if the media and the corresponding drive are malfunction; if it still cannot be copied, check the corresponding disk drive, data cable, memory, etc.
If the above problem occurs, it is recommended that if the fault cannot be excluded if the installation medium is replaced, the hard disk should be initialized, and then reinstall (initialize the operation, it is best to completely clear the hard disk partition.). If you still can't resolve, then your hardware;
c) During installation, an error message, blue screen or crash, etc. when the hardware is detected, one is to see if it is restarted (should be shut down), can be passed; the other is to check if it can be checked under software minimum system by. If you can't pass, you should check the memory, disk, CPU (including the fan), the power supply, etc. in the software, and the power supply, etc., if you can install it, it is the failure or configuration problem of the Ning Ning outside the software minimum system. This can be gradually added to Ning, and judge whether there is fault or improper configuration;
D. Hardware and other questions that should be noted:
a) Restart or power out when installing the system, requires testing under the software minimum system. If the fault disappears, after installing the system, the device other than the software smaller system is connected one by one, and the fault is caused by the Ning Ning, and the replacement method is solved; if the fault can not disappear, check the power supply in the software minimum system , Motherboard and memory, even disk drives;
When installing such as UNIX operating systems on an IDE device, or when you want to install multiple operating systems, you should pay attention to: First, 8.4GB restrictions (UNIX's starting part must be within 8.4GB) - this article is not available on SCSI devices One requirement; the other is the installation order and cooperation relationship between multi-operating systems;
E. The following points should be noted for the installation of LEOS:
a) Make sure the motherboard BIOS supports LeOS. It is recommended to refresh the BIOS that supports Leos after replacing the motherboard for the user;
If you replace the hard drive for your user, pay attention to whether the spare parts hard disk supports DMA66. Otherwise there will be problems when installing LeOs; C) The LeOS is preferably installed on a newly unwinding hard disk. The specific order can be hooded as follows: New Hard Disk -> Install LeOS-> Partition (FDISK) -> Install the operating system (Windows XP) -> Make a button recovery. If the original hard drive exists, you can use the Clear.com program to be cleared and then install later.
2) Application software installation:
A. Check the problem that should be noted when installing the application software:
a) Installation of application software, some of the inspection methods of the above-mentioned operating system installation;
Before installing, you will be required to back up the registry first, and then install it;
B. Software, conflict inspection between hardwareies:
a) Two software problems can be used. First, under the software minimum system, turn off the running application, then install the required application; the other is directly turned off the running application directly, and then install the required application software. Closing an existing application is: Use Msconfig to disable the boot group, automoExec.bat, config.sys, win.ini, in started during startup;
Use the task manager to check if there is abnormal process in the system and give a kill;
c) See if the installation adjustment is set up for the basis of the software technical manual requirements but cannot be installed. If you can't resolve, it is considered not compatible;
d) Use other machines (preferably different configurations), check whether there is soft and hardware compatibility issues;
e) Check that the software has been installed in the system. If you have already installed it, you should first install it, then install it, if you don't uninstall it, you can uninstall or by recovering the registry to uninstall (for Windows XP can use the system restore function for Windows XP) Uninstall);
f) If necessary, you can check the relevant information from the Internet, then contact the software vendor to see if there are other precautions.
C. Hardware check:
If the above steps are not effective, the hardware problem can be hurt, and the accessories such as the optical drive, the installation medium, and the hard drive should be checked.
3) Hardware device installation:
A. Conflict check:
a) The installed device is subjected to whether the Ning is recognized in the self-test process before the system starts, or can be identified by the operating system (not, plug-and-play "). If you can't identify, you should check the BIOS settings and device itself, including jumpers and corresponding slots or ports;
Check if the newly installed device is conflict with the device in the original system; If you can't eliminate it, it is not compatible;
c) Whether the installed device matches the technical specifications or physical specifications of the existing system;
d) Check if some of the settings in the current system (the settings in the .ini file) are placed with the installed hungering or device driver;
B. Driver check: Whether the installed device driver is a suitable version (ie, not necessarily the latest);
C. Hardware check:
a) If the picking or equipment installed is a fault;
Check if there is a poor phenomenon in the original system (such as slot damage, low power supply capacity, etc.).
V. Judgment flow of this type of fault
See Appendix (5).
Sixth, case
Case number one:
Problem Description: User repairs Tianyi 6620 machine, in the process of installation 98, prompt for a 30 minute. Hwinfo error is not available properly. Solution: After the engineer is on, it has been detected, and there is indeed a problem with the user's reaction. Then try copying the installation file to the hard disk to install and change the installation disk installation, and the fault is still. Then check the BIOS discovery, the system date is 2075. After the date is changed back, troubleshooting. Although the problem is small, the impact is large. Here, remind you of the colleagues, do things carefully, don't ignore each detail.
Case 2:
Description: During the day 2000 machine, suddenly crash once, can not start, reloading system can succeed, but there are many question marks in equipment management, such as printing ports, COM ports have not drifted.
Solution: Reinstall the system in the station, drive the motherboard can't solve the problem, it seems that only the host is replaced. Open the chassis and find a lot of dust, remove the motherboard, make a lot of sweep, hold the heart, reinstall all OK.
Case 3:
Problem Description: One user Brus 4000 machine / PIII 1G, he is a unit technician, saying that this machine cannot reload the system, and redefined every time, it is required to repair it.
Solution: When arriving at the user, it is found that the CPU fan is not Lenovo when the machine is reactive when reloading the hardware. The customer said that this is just from the market, new, there should be no problem. Replace the hard disk and memory, it is not necessary to bring back to the station in the station, and then replace the motherboard and the CPU or not, after several retry, find more and shorter, suspicion, or the CPU fan has a problem. Change the fan on other Lenovo machines to solve the problem. The cause of the failure is that the customer's CPU fan speed is not enough, causing temperature over high cranes.
Chapter 4 shows the fault
First, definition example
This type of failure includes not only the failure caused by the display device or the hunna, but also contains abnormal phenomena caused by other hunnings. That is, the failure of the display is not necessarily due to the display device, and should be fully observed and judged.
Second, possible fault phenomenon
1. The boot is not limited, the display is sometimes or often cannot be powered;
2, display bias, jitter or scrolling, display hair, flower screen, etc.
3, in some kind of application or configuration, dark (even black screen), heavy shadow, crane, etc .;
4, the screen parameters cannot be set or modified;
5, brightness or contrast is not adjustable or adjustable, the screen size or position cannot be adjusted or the range is small;
6, the abnormality is displayed after sleeping wake up;
7, display odor or sound.
Third, the campaign that may involve
Display, display cards, and other settings; motherboards, memory, power, and other related hiking. Particularly pay attention to other equipment around the computer and the interference of geomagnetic to the computer.
Fourth, judgment points / order
1. Preparation before maintenance
The latest version of the driver for the corresponding display card
2, environmental inspection
1) Municipal electricity inspection:
A. Whether the market electric voltage is 220V ± 10%, 50 Hz or 60Hz; whether the main electricity is stable;
B. The rest of the market is concerned about the mains inspection part of the market.
2) Connection check:
A. The display is smoothing with the host, correct (especially note, whether it is connected to the correct display port when there are two display ports); the pitch of the cable connector has deformation, break, etc., pay attention to check the display cable Whether the quality is intact;
B. Whether the monitor is properly connected to the market, its power supply indicates correct (whether it is bright and color);
C. Display the exception of the device, whether it is related to the unpigmatized line. Special attention: The computer maintenance engineer is not allowed to install the ground wire for the user, and the user should be invited to install; 3) Peripheral and host environment check:
A. Check whether the ambient temperature and humidity are consistent with the manual (such as diamond tube, the required temperature is 18 ~ 40c);
B. Is there a odor after the display is powered on, smoke or abnormal sound (such as burst, etc.);
C. Is there a phenomenon that the components on the display card have deformation, discoloration, or high temperature rise;
D. Whether the display card is plugged in, you can check the gold finger part of the display card (including other board) with a rubber or alcohol; if there is more dust in the host, clear;
E. Whether there are interferers in the surrounding environment present (these interferers include: fluorescent lamps, UPS, speakers, hair dryers, other displays of too sad (within 50 cm), and other high-power electromagnetic devices, cables, etc.). Note that the display of the display may also cause interference to the display device due to the influence of geomagnetic;
F. For faults such as bias, jitter, check whether the fault can disappear by changing the direction and location of the display.
4) Other inspections and precautions:
A. After the host is powered up, there is a normal self-test and running action (if the self-test completion, the hard disk indicator is constantly flashing, etc.), if there is, you will focus on check the monitor or display card;
B. Prohibit charge-moving monitor and display direction, preferably not to move the monitor within a period of time after power off.
3. Trouble judgment
1) Adjust the display and display card:
A. By adjusting the OSD option of the display, it is best to reply to the RECALL (factory status) state to check if the fault disappears. For the LCD monitor, press the Auto Config button;
B. Whether the parameters of the display are too high or too low (such as H / V-Moire, this cannot be recovered by recall);
C. The display of each button can be adjusted, and the adjustment range is offset the specification requirements of the display;
D. The abnormal sound or abnormal odor of the display exceeds the requirements of the display technical specifications (if the new display is just used, there will be an abnormal odor; the sound caused by the reason for the reasons of the dismagnet, etc., the screen jitter, etc. But these are normal phenomena). For specifications of the display, please see Appendix Second (2);
E. The technical specifications of the display card is available in the host (such as whether the AGP 2.0 card can be used in the AGP slot of the host).
2) BIOS configuration adjustment:
A. Settings in the BIOS match with the currently used display card type or the location of the display connection (ie the display card with onboard, or an external display card; Is the AGP display card or a PCI display card);
B. For onboard display cards that do not support automatic allocation display memory, you need to check whether the size of the memory in the BIOS is in line with the application needs;
The following checks should be performed under the software minimum system.
3) Check the driver of the monitor / card:
A. The driver of the monitor / card is matched with the display device, and the version is appropriate;
B. Whether the driver of the monitor is correct, if there is a manufacturer's driver, it is best to use the manufacturer's driver;
C. Whether the appropriate Direct X driver (including motherboard driver) is loaded;
D. If Direct X is installed in the system, you can use the DXDiag.exe command to check whether the display system is faulty. The program can also be used to check the sound card device. 4) Display attributes, resources check:
A. Check if there are other devices with resource conflicts in the device manager, if there is, first remove these conflicts;
B. Is the setting of the display attribute appropriate (such as: incorrect monitor type, refresh rate, resolution and color depth, etc., will cause income, blur, flower screen, jitter, or even black screen phenomenon);
5) Operating system configuration and application check:
A. The settings in some configuration files in the system (such as: system.ini file) are appropriate;
B. Show the technical specifications of the card or the function of displaying the driver supports the need for application;
C. Whether other soft, hardware conflicts have.
6) Hardware check:
A. When the display is normal, you should add other hunarings to Ning, instead of picking the neutralization caused abnormal display;
B. Check if there is a match problem between them by replacing different models of display cards or displays;
C. Check if the corresponding hardware check is not normal due to the hardware failure (the proposed replacement order is: display card, memory, motherboard).
V. Judgment flow of this type of fault
See Appendix (4).
Sixth, case
Case number one:
Problem Description: I have encountered such a machine, the phenomenon is quirky, the model is the month 2000 PIII / 800, the fault is the recurrence of the recurring, sometimes it can display the entering system, but use 1-2 hours will appear crash The restart does not show, only for a long time is booted, can be displayed.
Solution: I have encountered this problem, first assembled as hardware problem, open the chassis, see the boards, no looseness (Note: the graphics card and the main board slot on the main board slot, stick very tight), change the test, Changed the memory, CPU, power supply, can not solve the problem, then change the motherboard, remove the Lenovo's label with the motherboard slot, feel that the graphics card is not plugged into position, press down, but also go in again, Suspected is that the graphics card is poorly contacted with the motherboard, so it will restore the original mining of the machine, test the machine, everything is normal.
Postscript: This case is due to the poor contact of the graphics card, but the strange fault caused by the repair because of the detection time (only whether the graphics card is inserted, not actually checking it), causing the maintenance process.
Case 2:
Problem Description: One Burning Machine, the user said that each startup cannot enter the Win98, the cursor stays on the upper left corner of the screen, the crash; but the security mode can enter.
Solution: Suspected to set improper settings for the graphics or monitor, enter the security mode to set the display resolution to 640 * 480, the color is set to 16 colors, restart, can enter in normal mode, but as long as the resolution or color is changed, The machine cannot be started normally; check the inside of the machine, except for the user from a network card, don't have other configurations, is it a conflict with the network card and the graphics card? Unplug the network card, start WIN98 normally, change the network card to the network card, turn on the new hardware, load the driver, start, everything is normal.
Postscript: Due to the crash caused by the graphics card and other reciprocal or conflict, you can use the minimum systematic method to test (the minimum systemification method is only maintained by the main board, CPU, graphics card, power supply, etc.), First eliminate the main hunger, and then detect other expansion cards one by one. Case 3:
Problem Description: Delta Force - Earth Warriors, running on the machine of the 810 (E) series (same day, day series), such as using the random band-driver installation (and installation with the random disk driving is also our Consistent style), it will inevitably lead to crash when entering the game screen.
Solution: The solution is to download the new version of the driver from the Internet to upgrade.
Postscript: If you encounter a fault of playing 3D game crash in actual maintenance, it is estimated that it may be a graphics card failure, and no standby is replaced (this is often encountered in our home repair), and you can download a Direct Control from the Internet. Software, shield AGP support by it. Play 3D games, if there is no crash, the problem is likely to be elsewhere (such as motherboard, memory). If a dead machine is largely explained, this graphics card is faulty.
Case 4:
Fault Description: Opening 2200 P4 / 1.7G (for QDI P7Li-Al motherboard), when running Huagang overn, with a ISA encryption card), if zoom is enlarged, the left boundary line cannot be displayed.
Solution: Users new machines, agents have problems when installing overrievable software for users. For a new new machine, the fault is still, the agent is determined to be the Huagang ISA card is not compatible with this model, so that the maintenance station is resolved. To the user, the fault is reproduced, and the PCI graphics card is displayed is normal, and it is estimated that it is not a machine failure. In the system properties - performance-graphics, the hardware accelerates the two grids and solves the problem.
Chapter 9 port and peripheral fault
First, definition example
Such faults mainly involve the failure of string parallel port, USB port, keyboard, mouse and other devices.
Second, possible fault phenomenon
1, the keyboard is not working properly, the function key does not work;
2, the mouse is not working properly;
3, can not print or print under certain operating systems;
4, external equipment is not working;
5, serial port communication error (eg, transfer data error, loss data, "serial device is not identified);
6. Use the USB device from not normal (such as the USB hard drive, you can't pick up multiple USB devices, etc.);
Third, the campaign that may involve
Setting the corresponding port Ning (such as motherboard), power supply, connection cable, and BIOS.
Fourth, judgment points / order
1. Preparation before maintenance
1) Prepare the short-circuit ring test of the corresponding port;
2) Prepare test procedures QA, AMI, etc. - These procedural requirements are running under DOS;
3) According to the resources in the station, prepare the cable used in the respective ports, such as parallel port, printer line, serial port, USB line, etc.
2, environmental inspection
1) Connection and appearance check:
A. Device data cable interface is good to connect with the host, whether the pin is bent, miss, short contact;
B. For some brands of USB hard drives, it is best to use an external power supply to make it better.
C. Connection port and related control circuits have deformation, discoloration;
D. Whether the cable is matched to the device to be connected (eg, the two machines are connected by serial ports, should use the air conditioner demodulator cable without using the MODEM line, etc.).
2) Peripheral check: a. Whether the power adapter of the external device is matched with the device;
B. Check if the external device can power up (including your own power supply, and take electricity from the host signal port);
C. Detect whether it is working properly under pure DOS. If you can't work, you should check the cable or replace the peripherals and motherboards.
D. If the external device has the function of self-test, it can be tested as well; or the external device can be connected to other Lenovo machine detection.
3. Trouble judgment
1) Simplify the system as much as possible, and the peripherals do not turn off first;
2) Port Settings Check (BIOS and Operating Systems):
A. Check if the motherboard BIOS setting is correct, the port is open, whether the working mode is correct;
B. By updating the BIOS, replace different brands or different chipset motherboards, test whether there is a compatibility problem;
C. Check if the corresponding port in the system has a resource conflict. Whether the peripheral driver on the port is installed, whether the device attribute is adapted to the external device. In the case of the correct case, detect the corresponding hardware-motherboard or the like;
D. Check if the port can be used in the DOS environment, and can be checked by picking up a peripheral or using the port detection tool described below;
E. For ports such as string, parallel port, the dedicated short circuit loop of the respective port is required to be checked by the corresponding detection program (recommended using AMI). If there is an error detection, the corresponding hardware should be replaced;
F. Check if there is no inappropriate settings in some applications, resulting in some peripherals to work properly. For example: In some applications, the improper thermal key combination is set, so that some keys cannot work properly.
3) Equipment and driver check:
A. Drive reinstall, prioritize the use of the device to drive your own uninstallation, such as Z32 printer;
B. Check if the device software settings correspond to the port active, such as the USB printer to set the USB port output;
C. USB device, driver, application order in the installation order should be in strict accordance with the instructions for use;
D. Peripheral drivers, it is best to use a newer version and go to the vendor's website to upgrade.
Chapter 10 audio and video failure
First, definition example
Play with multimedia play, fabricated hardware and software failures.
Second, possible fault phenomenon
1, playback CD, VCD or DVD, etc., crash;
2, when playing multimedia software, there is no sound or no image;
3, there is noise when playing the sound, the sound is abnormal, no sound;
4, the sound is too small or too large, and it cannot be adjusted;
5, can not record, the recorded sounds of playback is large or small;
6. Equipment installation is abnormal.
Third, the campaign that may involve
Tone, video card or equipment, motherboard, memory, optical drive, disk medium, chassis, etc.
Fourth, judgment points / order
1. Preparation before maintenance
1) In addition to the necessary maintenance tools, you should prepare the latest equipment drivers, patchs, motherboard BIOS, the latest DirectX, standard format audio files (CD, WAV files), video files (VCD, DVD);
2) Familiar with the settings of multimedia applications, such as the setting of sound attributes under Windows, the settings of the sound card / graphics card, the settings of the video box / card, and the settings, etc.
3) Total understanding of the information of the user, primarily understand: No new hardware, software, and reloading system (including one-button recovery) before the failure is faulty.
2, environmental inspection
1) Check if the voltage of the market is within the allowable range (220V ± 10%);
2) Check if the power supply is connected correctly, the plug is completely inserted, such as a speaker, video cassette / video connection, etc .; whether the switch is turned on; whether the volume of the speaker is adjusted to the appropriate size; 3) Observe the user's operation Whether the method is correct;
4) Check the surrounding environment, there is an unbeatable power interference device, such as air conditioning, rear projection, large screen color TV, refrigerator and other high-power electrical appliances. If there is a considerable distance (50 cm or more);
5) Check if the motherboard BIOS setting is adjusted, and you should restore the factory state, specifically check the CPU, whether the memory is overclocked.
3. Trouble judgment
1) For sound faults (no sound, noise, mono, etc.), first confirm that the speaker is faulty, the method: can connect the speaker to other sound sources (such as the recorder, Walkman), whether the sound output is normal, at this time Can determine if the speaker is faulty;
2) Check if the corresponding plug-in or patch is not installed, causing the multimedia function to work abnormal;
3) Play the multimedia play, make a fault, if the fault is in different players, play different multimedia files, check the relevant system settings (such as sound settings, CD-ROM attribute settings, sound card drivers and settings) . And even check if the relevant hardware is faulty;
4) If there is a fault under a particular player, it is normal, and should start from a problematic player software. Check if the software settings are correct, whether it can support the format of the played file. After reinstalling or upgrading software, see if the fault is excluded;
5) If the fault occurs in the case of reinstalling the system, replacing the board, the system recovery disk recovery system, or uses one-click recovery, etc., first check the installation from the board drive, such as whether the driver matches the corresponding device, etc .;
6) For video input, the output related fault should first check that the video application software is set correctly, that is, the same system should be used with the source (such as cable television signal), signal terminal (television, etc.). China is generally PAL system;
7) When performing video import, you should pay attention to whether the video import software and the audio input setting of the sound card match, such as: The audio input is MIC, then the audio cable sounds the MIC port of the sound card, and the audio input of the sound card is set to MIC;
When only the multimedia file is only read from the optical drive, if: playback DVD / VCD is slow, no connection, etc., first check the transmission mode of the optical drive, should be set to "DMA" mode;
9) Check that there is a third-party software, and the normal use of the audio and video function of the system. In addition, anti-virus software causes slow broadcast DVD / VCD speed, inconsistent, etc. (such as Rising, etc.);
10) Software Check
A. Check if there is a virus in the system;
B. Sound / audio attribute setting: Volume setting, use digital audio, etc .;
C. Video settings: resolution and color depth in video properties;
D. Check the DirectX version and install the latest DirectX. Use the DXDIAG.EXE program provided by it, check the sound card device
E. Device Driver Check: In Windows "System - Device Management", check if multimedia-related devices (graphics cards, sound cards, video cards, etc.) are normal, that is, "?" Or "!" And other logos, equipment The driver file should be complete. If necessary, the driver can be reinstalled or driver upgraded by uninstalling the drive. For the instructions, you must delete or directly override installations as required (at this time, you should not let the system search, but manually selected in the device list); f. Such as the user reloaded the system However, it may not be able to operate according to the correct steps (such as restart, etc.) when the drive is installed, resulting in the normal device to operate properly. The user should be reloaded for the user. The method can be the same;
G. Use the system recovery disk recovery system, or use a one-button recovery, sometimes the device identified device is not the device actually used, and does not report in "System-Device Management" under Windows, then you must carefully check the device name. Whether it is consistent with the actual equipment, it is not consistent, reloading the drive (eg, replacing the replaceable motherboard, the chip chip is inconsistent with the original);
H. Reissous drive still cannot rule out the fault, should be injured in the updated driver version, should be driven, or install the patch.
11) Hardware check
A. Detecting the memory portion fault with the memory detection program. Sad hardware has motherboard and memory;
B. First use the replacement method to check the board and device associated with the fault directly. Sound problem: sound card, speaker, audio interface jumper on the motherboard; display class problem: graphics card; video input, output class problem: video box / card;
C. When the multimedia file is only read from the optical drive, it will be faulty when the software setting is invalid, and it is determined whether the optical drive is faulty;
D. For noise problems, check if the audio connection of the optical drive is installed correctly, whether the speaker itself has problems, whether the speaker power adapter is faulty, and other matching problems, etc .;
E. Using disk class fault judgment method, detect if the hard disk is faulty;
F. Determine if the CPU is faulty using the replacement method;
G. Use the replacement method to determine if the motherboard is faulty.
V. Judgment flow of this type of fault
See Appendix (10).
Sixth, case
Case number one:
Problem Description: Users repaid E5000 computer, installed Windows XP systems. The user is playing audio and video files, such as VCD, CD, MP3, etc., "Zi" in the speaker is obvious.
solution:
Generally I see such a problem, I always think of the problem of speakers first, or there is a problem with the sound card of the motherboard. But the engineer has replaced the speaker, and the motherboard is still there. At this time, the maintenance is in trouble.
In fact, as long as you carefully observe and think about it, go to observe the first and hard thinking, the problem should be solved soon. In this case, since the machine itself is factory DOS system, Windows XP is installed by the user. The sound card driver is also recognized by Windows XP, and it is precisely the problem of XP comes with the problem, resulting in the problem of users. As long as the corresponding driver in the random drive disc is installed, the problem is solved.
Case 2:
Problem Description: The future pioneer 722 machine purchased is installed in Windows 98, and there is no sound when playing CD. The CD control has been opened in sound control, and the volume is adjusted to the maximum.
Solution: First we have to know this, Lenovo factory pre-installed Windows XP machine, no longer configured the audio line between the optical drive and the sound card, playing the CD, the digital audio function provided by XP itself is directly played directly. And Windows 98 does not have a function of digital audio. Understand this, the answer to the user's question is clear. Tell the user machine standard to play the CD using the digital audio function of Windows XP, so the machine does not configure the optical drive. Windows 98 does not support digital audio functions, so this will result. It is recommended that the user still uses a Windows XP operating system, or adds an audio cable yourself.
It is important to ensure that the understanding of the product configuration, technical specifications is important for us to solve user problems.
Chapter 8 Internet Category Failure
First, definition example
Mainly with soft and hardware failures related to browsing the Internet. Such as: can't dial, not browse the web, etc..
Second, possible fault phenomenon
1, can not dial, no dial tone, dial-up has noise, go online;
2, the Internet is slow, the individual webpages cannot be browsed;
3, crash, blue screen error, etc.
4, you can collect mail but you can't email;
5, network equipment installation is abnormal;
6. Damage to other communication devices connected to the modem or vice versa.
Third, the campaign that may involve
Modem, telephone, telephone line, and local. The remaining class is the "local network fault".
Fourth, judgment points / order
1, environmental inspection
1) Peripheral and appearance check:
A. Whether the main line definition is correct, whether there is a ground;
B. Doing equipment such as transformers or other electrical equipment such as transformers in an external MODEM;
C. Whether the phone has an anti-theft function, whether an external device such as an IP telephone dialer, a fax machine is installed. Whether these external devices are connected correctly, whether the work is normal (working separately and connecting the machine);
D. Check if the dust in the chassis is more, whether there is foreign matter to cause short circuits, plugging, houting, no, inserted in place, no warping;
E. Motherboard, MODEM or broadband Internet network card upper device has deformation, discoloration and other phenomena;
F. Whether the network card interface is good;
G. Pay attention to the phenomenon of odor, the components and other equipment, and the temperature abnormalities occur.
2) Signal line connection:
A. Whether the telephone line is connected correctly, whether the connected telephone line is normal, whether the user's phone is an extension, whether there is an incoming reminder;
B. Is it a restricted telephone number;
C. Whether the network cable is defined correctly, whether it can connect, if there is conditional, the machine replacement environment (such as: go to neighboring home or returns), to verify that it is a connection problem;
2. Trouble judgment points
1) MODEM configuration check:
A. Check that the settings in the CMOS are correct. Whether the MODEM device is systematically recognized;
B. Software minimum system plus modem, check whether the fault is disappeared. Such as disappearing. It is an incompatible or resource conflict between hardware;
C. Check if the MODEM driver is correct in the device manager, whether there is a resource conflict. The protocol supported by MODEM is not compatible with the local end. When the drive is incorrect, it may cause the Internet to drop the line, the Internet speed is slow. Delete the original Modem drive (preferably delete the modem in the control panel - modem), reinstall the MODEM driver after installing the motherboard;
D. MODEM device properties setting is correct (such as the connection speed used, etc.).
2) Dial / dialing process check:
A. Check if the dial program used by the user is a third-party software. It is recommended to use a new dial-up connection to dial the Internet (it is best not to use the user's account), check if it can dial, whether it is wrong; b. Note to check the error message Preliminary judgment of the cause of the fault (such as reporting 680 error, there is no dial tone, 678 error, is the remote server is not responding);
C. Does the user have access to the Internet network.
3) Network attributes and protocol check:
A. If you are dial-up through the service provider, in addition to installing the IP protocol, the parameters such as IP addresses should not be set. Other networked methods should be performed as required;
B. Whether the dial protocol used is consistent with the service provider (such as using a PPP protocol, etc.).
4) IE check:
A. For Windows 98 systems, if IE has faults, it is recommended to upgrade IE to 5.5, or patch;
B. Check that the IE property setting is correct, check if IE is modified for a certain website. If the temporary file is too much, it can cause the web that cannot be browsed after the Internet (you can delete temporary files in the IE property. About the method of deleting, after seeing this chapter). Whether you can't browse the web due to the plugins that you have not installed. Check the security level settings in IE, and hierarchical check settings to restore it to the default;
C. Check if the system is modified as the system is modified (if the registry is disabled, etc.);
D. Check the user's software environment, whether the software such as anti-viruses, firewalls, or its setting is incorrect, resulting in browsing difficulties.
5) System Check:
A. Check if there is a virus in the system;
B. Turn off the programs loaded when all startups are turned off in MSconfig, turn off all running programs. Preventing the unable to access the software conflict;
C. Reinstall the operating system if necessary.
6) Hardware check:
A. Replace the slot of Modem to re-detect the MODEM and install the driver, if you can't get online, replace the Modem test;
B. If it does not dial after thunderstorms, in addition to checking the cable and other devices thereon, it should check if MODEM is damaged;
C. If you still don't access the Internet, pay attention to check other hardware;
7) Broadband Internet access is faulty, you need to check:
A. Check if the network card driver is installed correctly;
B. Is the loop test network card is normal;
C. Set the dial-up property to the localization property according to the local actual situation, and re-install the dial-up software according to the broadband Internet access.
D. Replace different models of network cards for testing, exclude incompatibility;
E. Contact Telecommunications Bureau or Community NMS to check network environment or connection equipment;
F. For automatic Internet access, the proxy server does not set it. For the early broadband network, IP needs to be set.
V. Judgment flow of this type of fault
See Appendix (8).
Sixth, case
Case number one:
Problem Description:
A client machine uses a 98 operating system. When the network page cannot be opened, but the lower right foot does have link icons, it is found that there is no network traffic, but the problem is fixed several times, this problem has no rules, customer needs to explain Cause and prove that it is not a machine problem.
Solution: Customer requirements give a reasonable explanation, because the machine is not unable to access the Internet. If you understand this, you should be sad from the software, you can't change your hardware, you will feel bad for your customers. Machine can dial normally to indicate the MODEM hardware and driver of the machine, but after careful observation, it is found that the network traffic is 0, indicating that the machine does not have online, the link symbol of the right foot may be a pseudo phase, using the ipconfig / all command to discover the machine Get the IP address, why do I have this phenomenon that I can call the telecom access to the telecom access, repeatedly test a few dial-up Internet, I found that if I get the IP address after dialing, I can get the Internet. If I don't get IP addresses, You must not open the web page. If the customer sees this phenomenon, it is basically aware of my statement, and hopes that the problem can still be solved by reinstalling the operating system. After reinstalling the 98 operating system, the problem is still, the customer has considered no problem, in the new 98 I have tested it in another way, that is, use the super terminal inside 98 to dial, the super terminal can see the dialing process when the dial is dial, can you get an IP address, use a super terminal dial? After 5-6 times, I found that I didn't get an IP address. When the customer is fully convinced, the reason is that the telecommunications is located, not the machine itself.
Case 2:
Problem Description: The operating system installed by the client machine is 98. In addition to installing Modem, a network card is added. The client machine usually uses the NIC on the LAN. The network card obtains IP is a DHCP mode, but when dialing, it is impossible to dial the Internet, but There is a dial tone, and the customer needs to completely solve it.
Solution: The customer has used MODEM dial-up Internet, and now I can't use it. It is more excited. In addition to solving it, it is necessary to fully communicate, so the process of processing is important.
I found the fault recovery when I was tested. After communicating with the customer, I found that the customer used to be dial-up. I recently installed a network card. The local area network can be used, and the dial is not used. From the communication, I think it is not a machine. The problem itself, or is related to the settings and operating systems itself, because there is no such problem on the machine in 2000. First of all, I am shocked by the network card, then test the dial-up Internet, discover the fault disappearance, is it related to the network card, open the NIC, I found it can be dial online, the problem is solved! What happened, after restarting, I found that the dialk on the LAN will once again appear anomalous, the fault resequence, use the super terminal dial-up discovery that cannot be obtained IP address, OK, the problem is found, but what is the cause of IP addresses, I poke a thumb and operation The system is related, because there is no such problem in 2000, should be related to the network card in 98, because this LAN is using DHCP mode, I use Winipcfg to add the network card IP realse, dial the fault, finalize the problem, start repeatedly And release the NIC IP, dialing, and then communicating with Microsoft engineers, determining that 95 and 98 do have this problem, but this problem has been solved in 2000, and the customer is very embarrassed.
Case 3:
Problem Description: The customer bought a modem, using this MODEM can dial 163/169 Internet, but it can't allocate the company's LAN to send and receive mail, customers want to assist in solving, although the customer's Modem is not standard.
Solution: The customer is still more familiar with the computer, so it is only asking us to help the handle, find the real reasons, so try not to open the chassis when dealing with this problem, do not open the chassis, do the operations such as the motherboard, focusing on sadness and compatibility Sex. Because you can allocate to the company's online, I can't dial it to the company's online, so I have to see the model number and agreement of the customer MODEM, the customer's modem is the product of the same-dimensional products, supports V.90 agreement, customer company
MODEM is the US 3COM product, also supports V.90 protocol, first dialing to the company with a super terminal, discovering automatic breakage after 2 seconds after the dialing, has not got the IP address, this means these two Modem has a compatibility problem, and after the handshake phase, the customer explained to the customer, and the customer borrowed a 3com modem to its unit. First, use the dial-up network to test everything. I think that our test is very persuasive.
Attachment: Deleting a temporary file in IE can use the following ways:
1. Open the IE browser, remove temporary files in the tool -InetNet option, empty history. (In the settings that IE cannot open, "start Internet Explorer" in this setting, or increase the disk space used in the Internet temporary folder;
2, start - setting - taskbar and start menu - Start menu program selection;
3, delete history in the C: / Windows / History directory;
4. Remove all files in C: / WindowsTemporary Internet Files;
5. Use third-party software such as network inscription to clear.
Chapter 7 Local Area Network Fault
First, definition example
Such faults mainly involve faults in network environments such as local area network broadband networks.
Second, possible fault phenomenon
1, the NIC does not work, the indicator is not correct;
2, the network is unlocked or only a few machines can not access the Internet, and it can ping the pass but cannot be connected, and the network transmission speed is slow;
3, data transmission error, network application error or crash, etc .;
4. Network work is normal, but the network cannot be used under an application;
5, can only see yourself or individual computers;
6, no disk stop can not access the Internet or start an error;
7, network equipment installation exception.
8. When the network is connected, it will not pass.
Third, the campaign that may involve
NIC, switch (including Hub, Router, etc.), network cable, motherboard, hard disk, power supply, etc.
Fourth, judgment points / order
Preparation before maintenance
1) Available network cable (straight line and ordinary network cable, line sequence meet international standards);
2) If there is condition, the Internet cable is connected to the inspection.
2. Environmental inspection
1) Power supply connection check:
A. Whether the main line definition is correct;
B. Whether there is a ground;
C. Each device (such as hub, switches, etc.) on the network has been powered.
2) Network cable connection check:
A. Network cable connection line sequence matches the requirements of the network connection (such as direct connection and ordinary network cable);
B. Whether the connectivity of the network cable is normal, you want to check the network cable without damage, excessive distortion;
C. Whether the cable length is too long (such as the 5-class twisted pair length exceeding 100 meters required for technical specifications);
D. Wire joint - Whether the crystal head is intact, whether it is oxidized;
E. Whether the network card interface is intact. Re-inserting the network cable to check the network cable and the NIC connection is loose;
F. Whether there is a terminator according to the cable requirements, the terminal is normal.
3) Network equipment appearance and surrounding inspection:
A. After power-on start, the network card indicator is bright, etc .; B. Hub and other devices network cable interface, after connecting to the terminal or server, if the terminal or server starts and configures normal, its indicator will illuminate (note whether the indicator color is Normal, wounded equipment manual), if the indicator is not lit, the device has faults;
C. Whether the network card is never inserted into the position, the NIC is oxidized;
D. Is there an interference around the device or other devices such as a network or a switch.
4) Host appearance check:
A. Check if foreign countries in the chassis are short-circuited;
B. Whether the dust in the chassis is too much, if so, you should clean it;
C. Is the motherboard and the network card upper device have deformation, and the color change is
D. After power-on, pay attention to the phenomenon of odor, the components and other equipment, and the temperature abnormalities occur.
5) Other aspects:
A. Under UNIX, it is clear whether it is a terminal crash or a server crash.
3. Trouble judgment
1) Seeking the cooperation of the user network management.
The first should contact the NMS as much as possible to obtain network management cooperation.
2) Network environment check:
A. For a failure such as drop, packet loss, pay attention to check the compatibility between network cards and switches;
B. Network connection is normal, but you cannot log in to domain, you have to check from the following:
a) Whether the designated domain name exists or has been working;
Whether to press the server, the operating system (if WINS parsing service, DNS service, the WINS service, etc.) is enabled in the server side, and the WinXP Home version cannot log in to the domain.), The terminal allows the login to the domain, whether the computer name has been registered to the domain in;
c) Check if the protocol used is correct;
C. Check if a firewall is installed, whether it is authorized to access;
D. When necessary, connect only two machines using the straight wiring in the peer-to-peer environment in the peer network environment (so can rule out the impact of environmental factors on the network).
3) Network adapter driver and attribute check:
A. Whether the driver is correct and appropriate. NIC equipment is recommended to automatically identify the system and use the driver that matches and updates with the operating system (only the old model ISA network card can be used to install the drive). When installing the driver, if necessary, you can turn it off in the startup and the running program, and then install it;
B. NIC works abnormal work in a network environment, adjusts the network speed, such as a network card for 10 / 100Mbps, if you work in a 10Mbps network environment, the network work is not normal, you should specify the network card to work in 10Mbps ;
C. Check the network communication method, if it is a full dual work, etc.
4) Network protocol check:
A. Check if the protocols in the network are correct (no matter which protocol is used, the protocol of machines in the network must be guaranteed). Whether there is a rename computer name in the network;
B. If you can't see yourself or other computers, first check it several times, then check if the file and print shared service is installed and enabled, if there is a NetBeui protocol (if there is a WINS server in the network environment, No need to add, if you don't add it);
C. You can access other terminals or servers in the online neighbor, you can use ipconfig / all to view specific information, check the settings of network properties, such as domains, working groups, etc. And conduct corresponding changes;
D. TCP / IP protocol utility ping commands can be used to check the work of the network. This requires maintenance personnel to understand related knowledge of TCP / IP protocol (order: ping 127.0.0.1, native IP, this network segment IP, gateway, DNS, etc.); E. If ping is not available, you can try to put all in network properties. Adapter and protocol delete, reinstall after restarting;
F. Check which network segment of the IP package is erroneous by executing the Tracert
5) System settings and application checks:
A. After checking the machine's self-test, the network card is listed in the list of resources (except for PNP network card), the resources used are shared with other devices;
B. Check that other devices conflict in the system are conflicted with the resources used by the NIC, if available, can change the resource of the conflict by replacing the installation location between the devices. For the ISA bus's network card, you may need to get off the PNP properties of the interrupt in the CMOS, and the resources used are generally not shared with other devices. Older PCI equipment should not share resources with other devices;
C. Check if there is a virus in the system;
D. If a particular application is not working properly when using the network, check if the CMOS setting is correct, the key checks the network card's driver, if necessary, turn off other running applications, and the programs loaded in the startup, See if it is working properly, or compares with the machine that can run the application, check it differently;
E. Check if the network work is not normal by reinstalling the system.
6) Hardware check:
A. Self-contained procedures and network card short-circuit ring detection network cards are intact;
B. If you still don't normal after replacing the NIC, you can replace the motherboard. When you replace the motherboard, you can still replace other models of NICs when you don't solve the motherboard.
7) For diskless stations, pay attention to check the following:
A. Is the BIOS allowed from the network boot, BIOS is best disabled, and "Report No FDD for Win 95" is changed to NO (or vice versa) by YES.
B. For the ISA network card, its BIOS settings should make the Boot ROM default start address of D800H or C800H, I / O is 300h (if some NIC is set to C800h easy to use the AGP graphics card, etc. Resource conflicts cause the installation to fail). ;
C. When the above operation is invalid, some motherboards, shield, sound card, and then make corresponding modifications as needed.
D. The protocol of the workstation must be the same as the server protocol;
E. When there are multiple servers, you must specify the first response server.
For wireless networks, especially pay special:
A. Check if the effective distance between the two terminals is too large, whether there is a spacer in the middle;
B. Under the peer network, whether the frequency channel used is consistent;
C. In an AP environment, the network ESSID of the terminal must be consistent with the AP;
D. Check if the key of the key of the NIC and the AP is consistent.
V. Judgment flow of this type of fault
See Appendix (7).
Sixth, case
Case number one:
Problem Description: NIC does not work, indicator status is incorrect;
Solution: First Observe whether there is any network card in the system device manager, if no NIC is replaced or re-plugged out the network card test, and see if there is any rust in the gold finger. If there is, use the eraser clean test.
Case 2:
Problem Description: In the LAN, only a few machines can connect, most of which cannot be visited. Net card light is on, HUB light flashes
Solution: See this situation, to analyze from hard hard two aspects, first:
A, software, use the latest version of KV3000 to check, kill viruses, no viruses, thus eliminating the possibility of viral interference. In terms of network, NetBeui, IPX / SPX, and TCP / IP protocols are installed. The network card drivers are also installed correctly, and no conflicts are found in device management, and protocol binding is performed. Set the file, printer sharing, and the workgroup name and computer name are set. It should be said that there is no problem from the network protocol to shared resource settings, and the software can be excluded.
B. Analyze from hardware, there are four possibilities: one is the network circuit disconnection, the signal circuit cannot be formed; the second is whether the line sequence of the network cable is correct; its third is connected to the network cable between the hub and computer, more than 100 meters; there is a problem with the four hub ports. For these four possibilities, exclude one by one. Using the wiring tool or meter measuring the network cable, it is found that the network cable is very good, there is no broken circuit. Through visual visits, the length of the network cable for the connection cannot exceed 100 meters. Connect several networks connected to the jack on the hub to the port of suspected damaged hub, which is still interoperable, indicating that the hub port is not damaged.
C. By examination of the line order, the line sequence of the user found that the user's production is 1, 2, 3, 4, and the problem is here, because the correct connection of the RJ45 plug should be used 1, 2, 3, 6, where 1, 2 is a pair of lines, 3, 6 is a pair of lines, and the remaining four lines are not defined. I have found the problem, just need to re-use the user, and insert the network normal.
Case 3:
Problem Description: The brain can only see themselves in "online neighbors", can't see other computers, can't use shared resources and shared printers on other computers.
Solution: Use the ping command, the local IP address or host name, check if the NIC and IP network protocol are installed. If you can ping, you have no problem with the network card and network protocol settings of the computer. The problem is on the connection of the computer and the network. Therefore, the interface status of the network cable and HUB and HUB should be checked. If you cannot ping the pass, you can only explain the TCP / IP protocol problem. Re-set the network protocol, for 10 units, the Internet is not hurt with the NetBeui protocol, .
Case 4:
Problem Description: No disk stop cannot be online or started;
solution:
Novell-free workstation does not have the following cases:
a. "Error Opening Boot Disk Image" or "Unable to open image file" on the workstation screen
This may be connected to a server that does not contain a remote boot image file. Put the start image file to the login directory of this server; if you are using a multi-range start image file, check whether the workstation is correct in bootconf.sys, make sure that the network address and node address are correct, if all above is correct Then it is possible to have a problem with the remote start image file, you can test whether the floppy disk that generates the startup image file can start the disc workstation. If you can't still do it, you can run the RPLFIX utility.
b. "ERROR FINDING Server" appears on the workstation screen
Under the premise of ensuring no problem with the hardware line connection, check if the "ethernet_802.3" frame is installed on the server, whether it contains Ethernet_802.3 in the NET.CFG of the remote start image file, this is the old IPX mentioned earlier Chip, it does not support Ethernet-802.2 frames. Re-create the startup image file according to the corresponding frame type. C. Workstation hangs when loading a network card from the remote start image file, and displays the following similar information: Ethernet Card is Improperly Install or Net Connected The Network.
This is because the old IPX chip mentioned earlier is used above NetWare 4.x, there is no rPLODI.COM in the batch file of rplodi.com or remote boot image file in the remote boot image file.
d. Workstation displays "Loading MS-DOS" and hangs
This is because the remote boot image file uses DOS 5.0 or above, and the RPLFIX utility is run for the remote boot image.
e. "Batch File Missing" appears on the screen
This message is due to autoexec.bat or other batch file (batch processing used by multiple remote boot images) does not exist at the same time at the login directory and user login directory.
Hard disk DOS management structure
1. Circuit, sector, cylinder and magnetic head
The most basic part of the hard disk is a disk made of a magnetic medium made of a hard metal material, and the number of discs of different capacity hard drives is not equal. Each disk has two sides,
record information. The disc is divided into a plurality of sectors, each of which is called a sector, each of which can store 128 × 2 N times (n = 0.1.2.3) byte information. In DOS
Each area is 128 × 2 2 square = 512 bytes, and the disk surface is rounded on the surface of the disc, and the concentric circles of different radii are called the track. Different discs are the same radius in the hard disk
The cylindrical cylinder composed of the track is called a cylinder. The tracks and cylinders are circles that represent different radii, in many cases, tracks and cylinders can be used interchangeably, we know, each magnetic
There are two faces in the disc, and each face has a magnetic head, and it is used to distinguish between the magnetic head number. The sector, track (or cylinder) and the number of magnetic head constitute the basic parameters of the hard disk structure, help these
The parameter can get the capacity of the hard disk, the base calculation formula is:
Storage capacity = magnetic head number × track (cylinder) × per sector number × per sequence number
Important: (1) Hard disk has several discs, two faces per disk, one head of each face
(2) The disc is divided into a plurality of sectors, namely sectors.
(3) Connected circle of different radii of the same disc is a track
(4) Cylindrical surface of the same radius of different discs
(5) Formula: Storage capacity = magnetic head number × track (cylinder) × True number of each sector × per sequence number
(6) Information records can be expressed as: ×× track (cylinder), ×× magnetic head, × × sector
2. Cluster
"Cluster" is the minimum unit of DOS. When a small file is created, if it is one byte, it is not only one byte space on the disk.
It has a whole cluster. DOS is different from different storage media (such as floppy disks, hard disks), different capacity hard drives, and the size of the cluster is different. The size of the cluster can be called disk
Get it in the parameter block (BPB). The concept of clusters is only applicable to the data area. This point: (1) "Cluster" is the minimum unit of DOS.
(2) Different storage media, hard drives of different capacities, different DOS versions, and clusters are different.
(3) The concept of clusters is only applicable to the data area.
3. Sector number definition: absolute sector and DOS sector
As can be introduced, we can use the cylindrical / magnetic head / sector to uniquely set each region on each area, or that the cylindrical / head / sector is in each sector on the disk.
One-to-one correspondence, usually DOS will "cylindrical / magnetic head / sector" referred to as "absolute sector" representation. But DOS cannot directly use the absolute sector on disk.
Information management, but use so-called "relative sector" or "DOS sector". "Relative sector" is just a number, such as the column 140, the head 3, the sector 4 corresponds to the opposite sector number
It is 2757. This number has one correspondence with the absolute sector "cylindrical / head / sector". When using the relative sector number, DOS starts from the cylinder 0, the head 1, and the sector 1
(Note: Cylindrical 0, head 0, sector 1 no DOS sector number, DOS cannot be accessed, only BIOS access), the first DOS sector number is 0, the track is left on the track
The sector number is from 1 to 16 (set each channel 17 sectors), and then the magnetic head number is 2, the cylindrical surface is 0, and the forming DOS sector number is from 17 to 33. Until the cylinder
All heads. Then move to the cylindrical surface 1, the head 1, the sector 1 continues to perform the number of the DOS sector, that is, the sector of the sector number, the magnetic head number, the cylinder (track number), continuous
Assign a DOS sector number.
Formula: Remember DH - the magnetic head number of the first DOS sector
DC - the column number of the first DOS sector
DS - the sector number of the first DOS sector
NS - count per track
NH - disk total number of magnetic heads
The relative sector number RS of a sector (cylindrical C, the head H, sector S) is:
RS = NH × NS × (C-DC) NS × (H-DH) (S-DS)
If RS, DC, DH, DS, NS and NH are known
S = (RS MOD NS) DS
H = ((RS DIV NS) MOD NH) DH
C = ((RS DIV NS) Div NH) DC
Important: (1) A physical disk address is also called an absolute sector in the cylindrical / magnetic head / sector
(2) Single number is represented as a relative sector or DOS sector, also known as the logic fan area number
(3) Conversion formula relative to the sector and absolute sector
4. Division of DOS Disk Area
Formatted hard drive, the entire disk can be divided into main boot records in different functions of the recorded data (MBR: Main Boot Record), DOS Boot Records (DBROS
Boot record, file allocation table (Fatile Assign Table), root directory (BD
OOT DIRECTORY and DIS. The top five important information outside the disk
On the track, the reason is that the outer ring perimeter is always greater than the inner ring perimeter, that is, the outer ring storage density is small, which can be more sad.
Important: (1) The entire hard drive can be divided into MBR, DBR, FAT, BD, and data area.
(2) MBR, DBR, FAT, and BD are located outside the disk.
5.mbr
MBR is located at the hard disk first physical sector (absolute sector) cylindrical surface 0, a magnetic head 0, sector 1. Since DOS is started by the cylinder 0, the magnetic head 1, the sector 1 starts, so the MBR does not belong to
DOS sector, DOS cannot be accessed directly. The MBR contains the main bootrics and hard disk partition tables of the hard disk. The partition table has 4 partition records. Record area is to record relevant partition letters
A table of interest. It is continuously stored from the main boot record offset address 01BEH, and each partition record area occupies 16 bytes.
Partition format
The shift meaning of the partition entry occupies the number of bytes
00 guidance indicator 1b
01 partition guided recorded magnetic head number 1b
02 partition boot record sector and column 92B
04 System Indicator 1B
05 partition end magnetic head number 1b
06 partition end sector and column number 2b
08 sector number 4b in front of the partition
The total number of sectors in the 0C partition 4B
There can only be active partitions in the 4 partitions, that is, a C disk. The flag is 80h at the first byte of the partition table. If 00h is not active partition. E.g:
80 01 01 00 0b Fe 3F 81 3F 00 00 00 C3 DD 1F 00
00 00 01 82 05 Fe BF 0C 02 DE 1F 00 0e 90 61 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
Important: (1) MBR is located at the hard disk first physical sector column column 0, head 0, sector 1. Do not belong to the DOS sector,
(2) The main boot record is divided into the main bootrics and hard disk partition tables of the hard disk.
6.dbr
DBR is located at the cylindrical surface 0, the head 1, sector 1, that is, a logic sector 0. DBR is divided into two parts: DOS boot procedures and BPB (BIOS parameter block). Where DOS boot procedures are completed
The positioning and loading of the DOS system file (IO.SYS, MSDOS.SYS), and BPB is used to describe the disk information of this DOS partition, and the BPB is located at DBR offset 0BH, a total of 13 bytes.
It contains the parameters used when logically format, which can be used for file allocation tables on the DOS computing disk, the start address of the directory area, and the data area, and the three words after BPB provide physical grid.
Some parameters employed during (low). The boot program or device driver converts disk logical addresses (DOS sector numbers) into physical addresses based on this information (absolutely
Sector number). BPB format
Sequence number offset address meaning
1 03H-0AH OEM
2 0BH-0CH per segment number
3 0DH per cluster number
4 0EH-0FH reserved sector number
5 10h FAT backup
6 11h-12h root number
7 13H-14H disk total sector number
8 15h Description Media
9 16h-17h Number of per fat
10 18H-19H per track sector number 11 1AH-1BH magnetic head number
12 1CH-1FH special implicit sector number
13 20H-23H total sector number
14 24h-25h physical driver number
15 26H expansion boot visa
16 27H-2AH volume series number
17 2BH-35H Volume Number
18 36H-3DH file system number
DOS boot recording formula:
File allocation table ≡ reserved sector number
The root directory ≡ reserved sector number FAT number × Each FAT sector number
Data Zone ≡ root directory logical sector number (32 × root directory) DIV number 1)) DIV per segment number number
Absolute fan area ≡ logic fan area number hidden fan area
Sector code ≡ (absolute sector number MOD number per track number) 1
Distance number ≡ (absolute sector number DIV number number) MOD head number
Delivery number ≡ (absolute sector number DIV per track number) DIV head number
Important: (1) DBR is located at the cylinder 0, the head 1, sector 1, its logic fan area number is 0
(2) DBR includes a DOS boot program and BPB.
(3) BPB is important, thereby calculating the logical address and physical address.
7. File allocation table
The file allocation table is the main components of the DOS file organization structure. We know that the most basic units allocated by DOS are clusters. File allocation table is reflected on the hard disk
The usage of clusters can be known by checking the file allocation table. DOS always scans FAT when it assigns a space, find the first one
Use the cluster to assign the space to the file, and the cluster number of the cluster is filled in the corresponding segment of the directory. That is, a "cluster chain" is formed. FAT is a table for recording file clusters.
The first two fields of the FAT are reserved domains, and the FAT12 is 3 bytes, and FAT is 4 bytes. Among them, one byte is used to describe the medium, the remaining bytes are FFH.
. The media format is the same as BPB.
The 8-bit meaning of the first byte:
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
└────-┘ │ │ │ ┌ 0 non-double
Set 1 │ │ └┤
│ │ └1 double
│ │ ┌0 is not 8 sectors
│ └┤
│ └1 is 8 sectors
│ ┌0 is not a replaceable
Bamboo
└1 is replaceable
FAT structure meaning
FAT12 FAT16 Significance
000H 0000H available
FF0H-FF6H FFF0H-FFF6H Reserved
FF7H FFF7H bad
FF8H-FFFH FFF8H-FFFFH file last cluster
××× h ×××× h file next cluster
For FAT16, the cluster number × 2 is an offset address, and the word is taken from the FAT is domain in the FAT.
Logic fan area number = data area start logic sector number (cluster number-2) × number of sectors per cluster
Cluster number = (logic fan area number - data area start logic sector number) DIV per cluster number of sectors 2
Important: (1) FAT reflects the use of all clusters on the hard disk, which records the file in the hard disk (cluster).
(2) The first cluster number (in the directory table) and the cluster number of the file of the FAT strings to form the "cluster chain" of the file, and the destroyed file is the root.
According to this chain.
(3) According to cluster number, the logical fan area number is calculated, and it can be calculated from the logical sector number, and the formula is as above.
(4) After the FAT is located in DBR, its DOS sector number starts from 1. 8. Document Directory
The file directory is another important part of the DOS file organization structure. The file directory is divided into two categories: root directory, subdirectory. There is a root directory, the subdirectories can be
Multiple. There can be a subdirectory in the subdirectory to form a "tree" file directory structure. The subdirectory is actually a special file, DOS assigns 32 words for the directory item
Section. The directory item is divided into three categories: files, subdirectory (its content is many directory items), volume label (only in root directory, only one. There are files in the directory item (or)
Name, extension, attribute, generated or final modification date, time, start cluster number, and file size.
Catalog item format
Byte offset meanings
00h file name 8B
08H extension 3b
0BH file attribute 1b
0CH reserved 10B
16h 2B
18H Date 2B
1AH start cluster number 2b
1ch file length 4B
The first byte in the catalog item file name is also special: 00h represents unused
05h represents actual name E5H
EBH represents this file has been deleted
The significance of this byte of the directory entry attribute area is as follows: 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Unfained repair volume
Use to change the target
Booter
Zhizhi sexuality
Note: The long file name of Windows uses the "retained" area mentioned in the above table.
Important: (1) The file directory is to record all files, subdirectory names, extension properties, establish or delete the last modified date. A file start cluster number and file length
Registration form.
(2) The content training listed in DOS is obtained according to the file catalog table.
(3) File start cluster number fill in the file directory, the rest of the clusters fill in the position of the upper clusters in the FAT.
Part III - Appendix
A large amount of useful data is stored in the hard disk of each user, and the hard disk is an easy-to-haikity. In order to effectively save data in the hard disk, in addition to the data in the hard disk, however, learn how to save the hard disk during the hard disk, or extract the useful data, minimize the loss.
1, the system does not recognize the hard disk
Such faults are more common, that is, from the hard disk unable to start, the CMO is not entered from the A disk, and the automatic monitoring function in the CMOS cannot be found to find the existence of the hard disk. This fault is mostly on the port of the connection cable or IDE, the hard disk itself has little fault, and the fault can be found quickly by replacing the hard disk cable or change the IDE port and cable or the like. If the newly connected hard drive does not admit, there is a common reason is the main slave line on the hard disk. If the hard disk is connected to the primary disk position of the IDE, the hard disk must be jumped as the main disc, and the jumper error is generally unable to detect. hard disk.
2, the fault caused by CMOS
CMOS's correctness directly affects the normal use of the hard disk, which mainly refers to the hard disk type. Fortunately, all the machines support the "ideautodeteTect" function, automatically detect the type of hard drive. When you connect a new hard drive or replace the new hard drive, you will re-set the type. Of course, the current type of motherboard can automatically identify the type of hard disk. When the hard disk type is incorrect, sometimes it is simply unable to start the system, sometimes it can be started, but read-write errors will occur. For example, the hard disk type in the CMOS is less than the actual hard disk capacity, the sector behind the hard disk will not be read or written, and if it is a multi-partition state, the individual partition will be lost. There is also an important cause of failure. Because the current IDE supports logical parameter type, the hard disk can be used in Normal, LBA, LARGE, etc. If the data is installed in the general mode, it is changed to other modes in the CMOS, and the hard disk reads and write error failures will occur because the mapping between the physical geology has changed, and the original correct hard disk will not be read. . 3, start-up failure caused by the main boot procedure
The hard drive's main guiding sector is the most sensitive hunger Ning in the hard disk, where the main boot program is part of it, this program is mainly used to detect the correctness of the hard disk partition, and determine the activity partition, responsible for guiding the power The DOS or other operating system handed over to the active partition. This program is damaged will not be guided from the hard disk, but the hard disk can be read from the soft area or the optical zone. Fix this fault method is simpler, using the high version of DOS's FDISK is the most convenient, when the parameter / MBR is running, replace the main boot program of the hard disk directly (rewritten) the hard disk. In fact, the main guiding sector of the hard disk is being established, and FDisk.exe contains a complete hard disk main boot program. Although the DOS version is constantly updating, the main boot program of the hard disk has not changed, from DOS3.x to the current Windos95 DOS, so you can fix this program to fix this program.
4. Startup failure of the partition error
Partitioned error is a serious error of the hard disk, and different errors will cause different losses. If there is no active partition flag, the computer cannot start. However, from the floppy drive or the optical drive boot system, read and write the hard disk can be repaired by FDISK reset activity partition. If a partition type is incorrect, it can cause loss of a partition. The fourth byte of the partition table is a partition type value, and the normal bootable greater than 32MB of basic DOS partition value is 06, and the extended DOS partition value is 05. If the basic DOS partition type is changed to 05, the system cannot be started and the data is not read. If 06 is changed to DOS, DOS is considered to be DOS partition, of course, unable to read. Many people use this type to implement a single partition encryption technology, restore the original correct type value, so that the partition will return to normal. There are other data in the partition table for the start or termination address of the record partition. Damage to these data will cause confusion or loss of the partition, generally unable to perform manual recovery, the only way is to rewrite the backup partition table data
