Common DOS command set

DOS common command

To use DOS, you know that some common commands are very important. Here are some of the orders.

The file name is set by the file path and the file name, such as C: /DOS/command.com.

DIR Displays files and folders (directory). Usage: DIR [File Name] [Option]

It has many options, such as / a represents all files (ie, files including hidden and system properties), / s represents the files in subfolders, / P Represents the split screen display, / b represents only files Name, etc. Such as DIR A * .EXE / A / P This command split screen displays all files (clips) under the current folder (clip).

CD or ChDIR changes the current folder. Usage: CD [folder name] If there is no folder name, the current path is displayed.

MD or MKDIR build folders. Usage: MD folder name

RD or RMDIR deletes folders. Usage: RD folder Name Note: This folder must be empty.

Del or ERASE deletes files. Usage: Del / Erase file name

Copy copy file. Usage: COPY File Name 1 [File Name 2] [Option] If COPY / B A B C This command will combine two binaries A and B as a file C.

TYPE displays the file content. Usage: Type file name

REN or RENAME changes the file name, and you can change the folder name in DOS7. Usage: ren file (clip) name 1 file (clip) name 2

Edit Edit file, you can also edit binary files in DOS7. Usage: Edit [File Name] [Option] If edit / 70 c: /command.com This command edits C: /command.com files in binary.

Format formatted disk. Usage: Format Drive [Option]

Its options, such as / q is fast formatting, / u means unconditional formatting (ie unable to use unformat and other command recovery), / v Specify the volume label name of the disk, and so on. It also has many unapproved parameters.

MEM displays memory status. Usage: MEM [option]

Its option also has a lot, such as / c may list all programs memory occupation, / d is detailed information such as program and device driver status, / f shows the total amount of memory, / m Module information in memory, / p is a split screen display. There is also a hidden / A option, you can display HMA information.

Move mobile files or folders, you can also change the name of the file or folder. Usage: Move file [clip] 1 file [clip] 2 such as MOVE C: / *. EXE D: This command moves all the files below all extensions under the D disk under the D disk.

Xcopy replicates files or folders. Usage: Xcopy file [] name 1 [file [clip] name 2] [option]

Its options are very large, such as / s files in the entire folder (including subfolders), / E specifies the correctness of the file including the empty folder, / V represents the correctness of the copy after copying, / y Confirm, and so on.

CLS clears the screen. Usage: CLS

The SYS conduction system that is transmitted to the specified drive from one to the specified drive. Usage: SYS Folder Name [Drive] If Sys C: / DOS A: This command can transfer system files under the C: / DOS folder to the A disk.

Date display or set the date. Usage: Date [Date]

TIME display or set time. Usage: Time [Time]

DOS also comes with some other commands, such as Sort, Find (looking for characters), etc. In addition to the commands of DOS comes, there are many other enhanced commands that are also very practical, which can greatly enhance DOS functionality. There are many software available in "DOS Software".

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Prerequisites under DOS

DOS is a very powerful and practical operating system with the most users. But after we have installed DOS, we found that the DOS own commands can not complete the functions of all aspects of you. At this time, we need some other software to implement those functions. The practical software under DOS is very much, then which tools should we choose as a must-have tool? Below to classify discussions.

When the operating system is installed, the hardware of the entire computer will first exert the respective functions, such as mouse, optical drive, sound card, etc. At this time, there is a need for a corresponding driver, and these drivers are the necessary tools under DOS. These drivers can be downloaded in the "DOS Software" of this site, and the installation and setting method see the "Used and Settings of DOS Hardware Devices" on this column.

Once the hardware can work normally, let DOS to complete the required features. DOS is both a convenient and practical operating system, an underlying operating system, many interface enhancers (such as Windows 3.x / 9x) are built on it, namely DOS is their kernel. Therefore, the management of some systems and disks under DOS is very suitable, such as copying disks, partition, formatting, and more. At this time, the disk tools such as Ghost, FDisk, Format, and Pqmagic can be bigger, which can be used as a must-have tool under DOS. Of course, other system maintenance tools (such as disk inspection tools, etc.) are also very important, you can see in this column "DOS System Maintenance".

Everyone knows that in order to save space, many files are used to use compressed methods. Therefore, it is very important to compress and decompress the tool under DOS. Commonly used compressed formats include ZIP, RAR and ARJ, etc., which can establish and expand the DOS tools of these compression formats are PK (UN) ZIP, (UN) RAR and (UN) ARJ. Their operations are very convenient, such as pkunzip * .zip to expand all ZIP files under the current folder. The RAR and ARJ format are also the same, can establish or expand the corresponding compressed documents. However, pay attention to that because the RAR has adopted a new RAR compression format in version 3.0 in recent years, many new RAR files apply the latest version of RAR (ie version 3.0) to decompress, can download in the Compression Tools of this site. . In addition to compressing general documents, it can also compress executable files, which will be small in the volume of executable. The best executable compression tool is UPX, which is very powerful and can be used as a must-have tool.

There are also some files called image files, such as IMG files, there are many of them generated by HD-COPY, of course, there are other tools. The best way to extract these files is to use undisk (available on this site), which can be very efficient to expand the image file and can be used as a must-have tool. It is best not to extract these files with tools such as HD-COPY, because this tool is not only old, but only on the floppy disk, it is very inconvenient. Undisk just mentioned is much better.

So what if I don't know what the file is what the compression format is (especially when the extension is lost)? At this time, you can use a very powerful tool GetType under DOS, and its latest version is 2.60, you can download it in this site. It can display the information in the compressed / image / encrypted file, even any other software, can even be displayed, without any other software. Not only that, but it can also display the information in executable (including Windows files) and other files, very powerful, and support long file names. Everyone can use it as an essential tool, because once it has it, it is more convenient to operate. Everyone knows that Windows's file manager operates very intuitive, and there is a lot of tools under DOS, which can be found in "File Management" of this site. They also operate in graphical ways, usually in addition to basic file management functions, you can implement many other features, such as your own file editor, you can view content in the compressed file, etc., and file management under DOS in recent years The tool also adds the function of supporting long file names and FAT32. In these tools, more practical with Volkov Commander, etc., their interfaces are good, the functions are also strong, you can use them as a must-have tool.

Using DOS naturally be traded from files and folders, so it is very important to use these files and folders. Common file operations such as establishment, deletion, editing, etc., or use a DOS own command, and many enhancements can be used, which greatly improves the efficiency of file operations. These tools can be downloaded in the File Tools of this site. Most of the file tools in this site support long file names and FAT32 partitions. Pure DOS usually only uses short message names, then how do you make it used to use long file names? In fact, it is not difficult to achieve, usually there are two ways of long file name drivers and direct operation long file names, and corresponding tools are DOSLFN / LFNDOS and ODI's LFN Tools, which is very practical, which can be used as a prerequisite tool. Specific methods of using long file names under pure DOS Please see the article in the "DOS Article" section of this station.

With the development of computers, more and more people start using it, so many daily lives (such as writing articles, listening to music, watching images) are on the computer. So, how do you do these in DOS? Let's write a writing article first. You can edit multiple files and binaries in DOS, but the function is not very powerful (such as fonts, etc.), you can use other dedicated text processing tools to complete. These tools are famous for MS-Word, CCED, WPS, etc., can be downloaded in the Text Tool of this site. Some people like to hear music while listening to music, and can also be implemented in DOS. As an example, this is a very powerful and practical DOS word processing software, not only has the function of the word processing, but also listen to MP3 music while writing articles, how better! Therefore, they can be used as a prerequisite tool.

After finishing the paper processing under DOS, next is listening to music and watching images. There are many softwares listening to music and watching images under DOS, such as music, features and effects that can listen to WAV, MID, MP3 and other formats are very good (it is not the oldest MP3 player DOSAMP's playback effect), Specifically, it can be seen in this column "DOS" in multimedia ". For example, QuickView, its volume is very small, is very powerful, you can use it as a prerequisite tool. It is also very convenient to watch the image under DOS, usually there are two ways, one is a command line mode, one is a graphical interface mode. Take PictView as an example, it can play more than 40 graphics formats, such as JPG, GIF, BMP, TGA, ICO, GIF, etc., not only fast, quality and effect. And it is very small, only more than 100 K! Therefore, it can be used as a prerequisite tool. However, some image software, especially old image software, such as NV, not only slow, poor playback, and the volume is also very large, so it is best not to use. There are also many very powerful practical software under DOS, or you can do a necessary tool. DOS software is usually very small and practical, which naturally greatly facilitates everyone's use. For example, ShutDown and Poweroff can easily implement soft shutdown in the DOS command line mode, not only is very convenient, but also very small, you can use them as an essential tool. There are also some DOS command enhancements, which can greatly enhance the external features of DOS own, such as Xxcopy, XMSDSK, etc., you can download it in this site. In order to facilitate everyone's use, I have produced "DOS Common Tools Set", including direct running versions of all kinds of software (such as command line tools, drivers, system tools, disk tools, compression tools, multimedia software, etc.), In the "DOS Software" column of this site, you are welcome to download.

Since everyone's habits and hobbies are different, the main operations per person are not the same. For example, some people like programming, or batch processing files, they can download some practical compilation tools (can be downloaded in this site "Script Tool") as an essential tool; some people like to play games, you can Game Modify Software or Simulator (downloaded in "Game Software" on this site) as an essential tool. Therefore, everyone can choose the necessary tools suitable for their own according to their own preferences. However, everyone should try to use the new DOS software for recent years, because these software is not only a stronger function, but also supports the latest computer technology (such as FAT32 partition, big hard disk, long file name, PCI / USB device, etc. ). In short, as long as we are good at choosing and using the DOS software, you can make DOS very powerful, so that the DOS has a function.

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Frequent error messages in the DOS command

In the process of using DOS, I often encounter some error messages in the command line mode. Since it is often in English, some people don't know what is going on, I don't know how to solve it. Below, I will introduce the error information under the common DOS command line mode.

[English] Bad Command or File Name [translation] error command or file name

Error reason and resolution:

This is probably the most common error prompt, it means that the command is invalid. This error message appears when the input command is neither a DOS internal command, and the system does not find the corresponding executable file in the lookup path or specified path. You can check if the input command is correct, if it is wrong, lethal. [English] Access Denied [translation] refuses to access

Error reason and resolution:

This is also a common mistake, there are many cases, such as deleting files with read-only properties with the del command, or multiple processes in multi-task environments simultaneously access the same file, and trying to have read-only privileges When writing a file in the network folder. The solution is also very simple, just remove the read-only, implied attributes, or guarantees that only one process is read and written, and removes the read-only permissions of the network folder.

[English] Drive not Ready [translation] driver is not ready

Error reason and resolution:

I believe everyone has encountered this error message! Especially when accessing a movable disk, including a floppy disk and an optical disc. The solution is to try again after plugging the disk.

[English] WRITE PROTECT Error [translation] write protection error

Error reason and resolution:

This error occurs when trying to write information to write the protected disk (usually a floppy disk). Remove the write protection of the disk.

General error [er] General error

Error reason and resolution:

This error typically occurs in the case where the DOS cannot recognize the format of the specified disk, such as the floppy disk is not formatted. Format the disk or convert to DOS-can-recognition format with format.

[English] Abort, Retry, Ignore, Fail? [Translation] abort, retry, ignore, failure?

Error reason and resolution:

This error message has a very high frequency, such as when the disk is not ready. Enter a cancel the operation, then return to the DOS prompt, enter R, indicate again, input i means ignoring this error and proceeding, it is best not to use, the input f indicates that this error is sent, often selection this item.

[英文] File NOT FOUND [Translation] File No causes and resolution: This prompt will appear if the specified file is not found when using a lot of commands. For example, when using the Dir command, if the specified file does not exist, the error message will appear. The solution is to enter the file name correctly. [English] incorrect dos version [translation] Error DOS version error reason and resolution: This error message will appear when the command to be executed is discovered that the current DOS version is not in the same DOS version of this command. See the article in the "DOS Article" section of this site. Illegal directory error reasons and resolution: If you enter a directory that does not exist or invalid, there will be this prompt. You can check if you are incorrect. [English] Invalid Drive Specification [Translation] The specified drive illegal error reason and resolution: This prompt will appear when the input drive does not exist. Check if the drive is present. Some drivers (such as NTFS volumes, optical drives, network drivers, etc.) require loading the corresponding driver to be identified. Syntax error [translation] Syntax error error Reason and Solution: This command is relatively common when using some batch commands (such as if, for, etc.). You can check if an invalid syntax is entered. Take the for command as an example, its syntax is the for% f in (file name) DO command, can't make a mistake in this syntax (such as the conversion or missed, etc.), you must enter the correct command to get the same result. Missing the necessary parameter error Causes and Solution: If the command (such as DEL) is missing, it will appear when it is necessary to properly complete the parameters required. Illegal parameters Error Causes and Solution: An invalid parameter appears when executing commands. You can check if the input parameter is correct, there is no spelling error, etc. If you don't know what parameters, you can usually use the /? Option of this command to see the parameter list. [英文] Not enough memory [translation] Insufficient memory: This information occurs if the program finds that the program is larger than the memory that can be used when executing the program. This information will occur when the memory is greater than the memory (usually regular memory). If you have insufficient memory, if you have implemented too much memory resident program, or the system memory has not been well configured. You can see "DOS Memory Configuration" in this section. [English] Divide overflow or divide by zero [translation] divisor is zero error reason and resolution: This error occurs if there is a conflict with other programs, or if there is a problem with other programs, or if there is a problem with the program itself. You can try this program after restarting the system. Runtime Error XXX [Translation] Runtime Error XXX Error Reason and Solution: The above "divisor is zero" error is similar. If the value of XXX is 200, you can see the "DOS Article" section. ERROR IN EXE FILE [Translation] EXE file has error error causes and resolution: Usually this executable file is corrupted, it is no longer available. Use a good one. The above is an error message under the common DOS command line mode, and you can use it to troubleshoot troubleshooting. Back to top Multimedia under DOS

In many people's impressions, DOS is a single task text mode operating system, where there is something or better multimedia function? actually not. For example, Windows 3.x and Windows 9x are just a large-scale protection model based on DOS, why can they play brilliant multimedia files? Therefore, the multimedia function in DOS is complete. Note that if you want to play sound with a sound card in DOS, you first need to set a good sound card. For specific methods, please see "Using and Settings of DOS Hardware Devices" in this section. Of course, the DOS operating system itself does not have a multimedia command, and special multimedia software is required, which is like we need to have a special game software. Multimedia software under DOS has a lot of SEA, but in recent years, with the development of multimedia technology, multimedia software under DOS has also increased significantly, such as QuickView Pro, Cubic Player, MPXPLAY, etc. You can go "DOS" Software Category Download. These software generally play files in WAV, MP3 formats, and some support more formats, such as Cubic Player, not only supported, including WAV, MP3, MID, RMI, ASF, MOD, S3M, IT, ASF , 669, CD audio, etc., and the interface is very good. Note that most MP3 file players are best used under more than 586 computers to play the best results, and there may be breaks when playing MP3 on 486 or lower, and WAV and other formats are no problem. In addition, some people have used DOSAMP to play the MP3 file. It feels that its playback effect is not good, and the MP3 is not good in DOS. In fact, this is wrong. Because DOSAMP is actually the oldest and functional and effectiveness under DOS, it has been eliminated now. Although I often listen to MP3 songs under DOS, I don't like to play with DOSAMP but use other MP3 players playing in DOS. Everyone can find it in "Media Software". In so much software, I recommend QuickView Pro, which is a very powerful multimedia software that not only supports playing MP3, WAV, etc., you can also view pictures of many formats, such as JPG, GIF, BMP, TGA, PCX, etc. Wait, you can even watch a variety of media formats, such as MPG, MOV, AVI, FLC / FLI, and VCD. It also supports playlists and loop playback, and you can display long file names (if you want to display long file names under pure DOS, you can download DOSLFN or LFNDOS in DOS Software, where the latter's version 1.07 supports Chinese long-term file name). Its play is very good, it can be compared to WinAmp, but also in constant updates. It supports two modes of command lines and graphical interfaces, you can select one or more files in the graphical interface to play, or use QV * .mp3 commands in the DOS mode to play all MP3 songs in the current folder, or QV /@Songs.m3u plays all the files specified in Songs.m3u in Songs.m3u. If you want to see VCD, use the QV / VCD command.

In the process of playback, you can also perform various controls, such as the space bar to pause play, want to continue, according to any other key; press the cursor to quickly forward / rewind; press Enter or Tab button to play the next file , Press the back button to play the previous file, press the /- key to adjust the volume, and so on. QuickView only needs Qv.exe a file to run, and the volume is small, such as 2.43 version only 180K! Its latest version is 2.49, launched not long ago, but because it is a shared version, I have a registration and comprehension of its 2.46 version (ie Chinese registration version), you can welcome everyone. Download Use to encourage its author to continue to develop this excellent DOS software. In addition, there are also MIDI players such as Megamid, Midplay, etc., but not only the interface is very good, the function is also very powerful. They can display subtitles in MIDI music (if any), and the operation is also very simple. As for the playback of VCD, the QuickView Pro, and MPEGONE, etc. can be done, the effect is also very good. In short, the multimedia function under DOS is very powerful. If you are interested, you can also develop a multimedia software under the DOS development section to help the vast DOS users and enthusiasts, we will thank you very much! Back to top

The method of DOS Lannimin With the popularity of computers and networks, networked operations between computers (such as file transfer, chat, etc.) are more important. Since DOS has so many users, how can I use it to achieve networked? DR-DOS 7.XX features the network (including LAN and TCP protocol), but we have all the common MS-DOSs not. However, there is no way, but there are only some additional software. Compared with NetWare Lite 1.x and Microsoft Network Client 3.0 (can be downloaded in the "Network Tools" of this site). The following will be described as an example to explain the implementation method of the local area network. First install Microsoft Network Client 3.0 (subsequently referred to as MSClient) in a computer that requires a network, enter your respective working groups, computer names, and IP addresses, and usernames and passwords, and select the model of the installed NIC in the list. If you don't have your network card in the list, you need a driver that comes with a network card, usually in a floppy disk, or may be in the disc. When it is prompted to enter an OEM disk, you insert the network card driver disk and enter the appropriate path. Since the network card drivers required by each network system are different, for MSClient, the NDIS2 or MSClient folder in the drive is generally selected, such as A: / MSClient. As long as the correct words, it will be installed automatically. As for the network protocol, it is generally enough to have NetBeui and TCP / IP protocols, and too much to slow down the speed of the network. After the installation is complete, MSClient will automatically put the network boot command into AutoExec.bat, and then find the network automatically start after restarting the computer. When the system prompts to enter the username and password, you can set it just now. At this time, the network will start running. For example, if you want to see all the computers under the current working group, enter the net view command. However, at this time, everyone is still a client, there is no server, and the server must be installed to share the file. Use the netshare command to set the shared path after installation. If you set the D, you can set the password if necessary, so as to avoid illegal access. Once the server and sharing are set, the client can access the resources on the computer. For example: Net Use E: // pc / c command redirects a drive (or folder) on a computer named PC to the E disk, at which time the content on the remote computer can be used locally. The computer is accessed. However, it is important to open the settings of the MSClient's files and printers, the method is to open the system.ini in the MSClient folder with the text editor such as Edit, and will "Filesharing" in the [Network] item. Printsharing's value is changed to YES, saved and exit, you can use files and printers shared features. It is also possible if you want to use DOS and the computer using Windows. Since Windows 3.11 for Workgroups, Windows 9X, and Windows NT / 2K / XP are used in networks called "Microsoft Windows Network", and Microsoft Network Client 3.0 under DOS is compatible, so they can achieve very complete Interview, just like DOS and DOS, or the network between Windows and Windows.

However, it should be noted that if you want to use the DOS computer to access a computer that uses Windows NT / 2K / XP, you must set the user account of the DOS computer in Windows NT / 2K / XP, otherwise you cannot access. There are many very useful commands in Microsoft Network Client 3.0, such as ping, if you want to know these commands and their usage, see the "DOS Article" section. In addition to using MSClient, users can also use tools such as NetWare. Take NetWare Lite as an example. After installation, execute STARTNET.BAT, you can automatically transfer the peer (including the server). At this point, it is available to the network management of the full screen, or you can use the command line, such as the NET MAP command to redirect to the other party's computer (of course, you need to share shares). The simpler method is to use the ipxcopy.exe command (you can download) file transfer directly after loading the IPX protocol (IPXODI.com), without starting the server. The method is to activate the receiver with the ipxcopy command in a computer, and use the "IPXCopy file name command on another computer, where the document name can be a wildcard, or the / s option can be used to specify the subfolder. file. Of course, there are other methods, this is no longer introduced. The above discussion is the connection method of the LAN, talk about the method of Internet. Usually there are two ways in the Internet, one is dial-up, that is, by modem, the other is through the NIC. Therefore, there are two ways to go online. However, in common, they all need a web browser. The best graphical browser under DOS is Arachne, which is very powerful, and can be downloaded on this site. Using it for dial-up access requires a modem that supports DOS (including hardware modulation demodulators or software modems with DOS drivers, you can also use "using modem in the Win9x DOS window). After the Internet, ARACHNE will detect each possible port of the modem, as long as one is successfully detected. Then enter the correct phone number, user name, and password, you can dial it. If you are online by the NIC, you need this network card's Packet driver, pay attention to the address 0x60, for example, for the NE2000 network card to be installed with the NE2000 0x60 command in the DOS prompt. Select "Use Network Card" in the settings screen in ARACHNE, and select DHCP Auto Configuration, you can view the webpage as long as the network is normal. The "DOS Article" section can be seen about the specific use of the Arachne browser. Of course, there are many ways to truly join the Internet under the DOS. If you use a dial-up adapter driver (such as dosppp), or after the Packet driver of the NIC, you can use WatTCP programs (such as wget, Lynx), etc. Reading. To use an email, use BareBones E-mail and other programs to easily send and receive emails (you need to know the POP3 and SMTP server addresses of the mailbox). There are many procedures for the network under DOS, which is no longer detailed here. Back to Top DOS Under Use and Settings

Due to the increasing application of the computer's popularity and application, in order to meet people's needs, the computer's function has become more and more powerful, and the hardware equipment is more and more, such as from the original ISA and PCI sound card, modem, etc. Now USB hard drive, mouse, etc., and a variety of brands. So how should we use these devices under DOS? In fact, many hardware devices do not need to install any drivers in DOS, as long as the hardware or the BIOS settings can be used, such as keyboard, ordinary hard disk, and printers that support PCL (printer control language). Using a printer that supports PCL under DOS is very easy because the printer is connected to the parallel port (LPT), so usually the LPT1 or PRN is the printer port. For example, a copy c: /config.sys lpt1 command (of course, you can also use the Print C: / Config.sys command to print the contents of the C: /Config.sys file with the printer. Do you think it is very convenient? Of course, you have to print better effects in some DOS applications (such as various fonts, images, etc.), requiring a special printer driver, select the appropriate printer in "Printer Settings" in these applications. .

Similar to the printer is a modem. The modem is a required device when the computer dials is internetged, divided into two categories of built-in and external. The external modem is usually connected to the serial port of the computer (communication port COM), such as COM2. Traditional built-in modems typically automatically virtual serial ports, so the use of external modems is not large. There is a large number of communication programs related to the modem under DOS. If the modem is connected to COM3, use COM3 when using these programs. If you want to test the modem with a simple command in DOS, you can use echo ATDT12345> COM3 (assuming the modem in COM3), then it will dial (12345), which is also very convenient. However, with the development of hardware, many non-traditional new modems have appeared. These new modems do not have a hardware controller, requiring software virtual, so called software modem, or called WinModem. Most of the original ISA interface modems are traditional hardware modems, while the modem of the PCI interface has many software modems. Software modems and hardware modems compared to the hardware controller, the cost is low, but the performance is naturally different, and the driver is required to run. Therefore, it is necessary to load the corresponding driver under DOS. However, since these modems are mainly designed for Win9X, most of them do not have DOS drivers, so they cannot be used under pure DOS, but there are many modems that can be used under Win9x's DOS window.

Talk again about everyone often used the mouse and the optical drive. Since the mouse and the CD-ROM have been widely used, DOS comes with their drivers or extensions, such as mouse and mscdex, but Mscdex also requires the own driver of the optical drive. However, with the development of DOS, these procedures have become increasingly practical. Now there is a good alternative, such as the latest and best mouse driver Cute Mouse (CTMouse). CTMouse is a very practical mouse driver that is still developing, compared to DOS comes with or other mouse driver, it has an unparalleled advantage, such as very fast, very small memory (only 3.3K) , Very versatility, and a variety of languages ​​(there is no Chinese, but if you like, I can go to Chinese), so I strongly recommend everyone to use, can download it in "DOS Software". There are also a lot of optical drive programs under DOS, such as the Win98 boot disk. Oakcdrom et al. But the best is "DOS Software" in "DOS Software", because it has fast, occupied memory is small (only 5K, while Oakcdrom takes more than 30 K, others account for more), very common Strong (can drive various brands of non-USB CD-ROM / CD-R / CD-RW / DVD-ROM / DVD-R / DVD-RW, the optical drive I have tried has no driver failure). The CloAking and MSCDEX can then reduce the occupation of memory. You can see the "DOS memory configuration" in this column and "command and configuration of config.sys file" to obtain specific configuration. As for the USB mouse and the optical drive, please see below.

Now the computer has entered the multimedia era, so the sound and images are indispensable, so the sound card is very important. So how do you use a sound card under DOS? The most important point to use the sound card under DOS is to set the Blaster environment variable to the correct value, such as SET Blaster = A220 I7 D1 H6 P330 T6, etc., where A represents the hardware address, i represents the interruption number, D represents the low-end DMA, H represents high end DMA, P represents the address of the MPU 401, and T represents the sound card type. A is usually 220, i mainly 5 and 7 possible, P is often 330, T, T1 indicates the type of sound card (T1 means SB 1.0, T2 represents SB 1.0, T3 means low version SB PRO and it compatible, such as ESS688, etc., T5 represents high versions of SB PRO, T6 represents SB 16 and compatible, such as SB AWE and SB PCI, etc.). For ISA sound cards, usually use auto-set values, such as the default value of the ESS688 sound card is A220 i5 D1 T4, or you can use the own setup program such as ESSCFG to reset; for the PCI sound card, some can use SB-LINK technology Most of the other can use the self-contained driver virtual ISA sound cards to use, such as SB PCI, SB Audigy, C-Media 8738, SIS 7018, etc. Drivers, etc., can be downloaded in the "driver", SB Live !, Yamaha and Aopen can also use their own drivers to use a PCI sound card under pure DOS or in a Windows DOS window. To set the setting parameters of the PCI sound card, you can use the combo setup, such as the SB Live! Sound driver, there is a sbecfg command, or edit its configuration file, such as the sbpci.ini file in the SB PCI driver. . Next is the network card and graphics card. The network card is relatively special, and each network environment requires their respective network card drivers. For the ISA network card, because most of them are NE2000 compatible, you can use the NE2000 NIC driver, you can download in DOS Software. There are many folders in the disk that comes with a network card, namely a separate driver of each network environment, such as the MSClient or NDIS2 folder is a NIC driver for Microsoft Network Client (MSClient) and LAN Manager, NWClient or DOSODI files. On the clip is a network card driver for NetWare. Take NetWare Lite as an example, to start the IPX / SPX protocol, you need to load LSL.com, then you are the ODI driver of the NIC. If the SIS900 network card is SiS900.com, then run ipXoDi.com, then run ipXodi.com. For MSClient, the SIS900 NIC driver is SIS900.DOS, which is automatically loaded when the network is started. For graphics, unlike Windows, you don't need a dedicated driver under DOS to display high color or even true color text and images, but there is a display extended driver, such as VESA 3.0 Display Driver SciteCh Display Doctor, etc., can be "DOS) Software downloads.

Then the usb hardware device is used. Many people think that USB devices cannot be used under DOS, in fact. There is a "USB for DOS" feature in the new BIOS, there are many DOS USB device drivers, such as DUSE, USB_CD, etc., can be downloaded in "DOS Software". Take DUSE as an example, this is a driver of a universal USB mobile disc, including USB hard drive, optical drive, floppy drive, etc., many people use it successfully drive their USB devices, such as USB CD-RW, etc.; OHCI / UHCI is the USB mouse driver of the OHCI / UHCI type, respectively; USB_CD is a separate USB optical drive driver; USB4DOS provides the function of using the USB device under DOS. But I don't have a USB device, so I haven't used it yet. Welcome to use them, and tell me the results, thank you! In recent years, there have been many new hardware, and they can use them under DOS. Taking the ATX power supply as an example, some of the software under DOS can take advantage of its soft shutdown, such as ShutDown, Poweroff, etc., can be downloaded in "DOS Software". DOS uses these software to achieve a lot of benefits, such as using it in a batch file, you can specify after running a program or automatically shut down in the specified time, you can also implement "remote evoke" in the network. Benefits a lot. This shows the powerful function of DOS. If you like DOS, it is better to join the "DOS Development" section to develop new DOS software, let DOS continue to develop and grow!

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The maintenance of the DOS system is only available for good maintenance. So, what should I maintain for the DOS system? First, you should regularly check the disk's error. There are many commands under DOS to check the disk, such as Chkdsk, Scandisk, etc. A more powerful disk tool is Norton's Disk Doctor, which has a friendly interface and powerful feature that can be downloaded in DOS Software Category Download. Only regularly check the disk to ensure the stability of the disk usage. Second, we must check the virus regularly. Computer viruses are a destructive procedure that can seriously hazardize system security and data. If they are, they may cause serious losses. Therefore, regular check viruses is very important and necessary. To check the virus, you need to use a good killivirus software, and pay attention to the frequent upgrade of the virus library, otherwise you will have an effect. Practical DOS underwhile virus software has F-PROT, NORTON ANTIVIRUS, KV3000, etc., you can download in DOS Software Subsource Download. Of course, light uses anti-virus software, but does not pay attention to prevention, it is not. Anti-virus is usually more effective than anti-virus because the anti-virus can greatly reduce the likelihood of viral infection. There are a variety of ways to use virus firewall programs, do not use unknown software. Through these methods, viruses are often unable to invade. Then, you should regularly back up important data. Because even the two measures have been used, it can only greatly reduce the possibility of damage to data, not a low pillow. Data loss caused by misoperation or hardware failure may occur at any time. Therefore, backup data is necessary. They can usually be backed up to floppy disks or other hard drives to prevent unexpected, so as not to regret it. Of course, some other maintenance is required, such as regularly organizing disk fragments, deleting junk files, and classifying files and software to facilitate usage. It is also important for the maintenance of the system configuration, or some tool software can be used to perform automatic maintenance, such as MemMaker, etc. This can effectively save time and effort. Back to Top DOS Memory Configuration We all know that DOS is generally unable to completely rely entirely on the manual interface to complete the system configuration. To make the system play the greatest performance, you must rely on our further effort. Here is the configuration method of the DOS memory. Real mode DOS usually only uses memory spaces below 1m. The basic memory is 640K, while the upper memory needs the corresponding memory manager. The management of basic memory is especially important, because improper use will cause some programs that cannot be run. So how should you optimize it? There are some suggestions here. First, load the memory manager that provides the upper memory (UMB). There are usually EMM386 and QEMM, etc., but these tools themselves are much more memory, which is recommended here that UMBPCI is a tool that is still developing, providing maximum up to 162K UMB, and if it is in front of Himem Occupy basic memory. Then, all device drivers / TSR are then transferred to UMB (with DeviceHigh, LoadHigh, etc.), so that even if many drivers (such as optical drives, mouse, etc.) are loaded, the remaining basic memory is still high or even 630K. It should be noted that try to use less drivers in memory so that the UMB is empty.

The following is the memory status information displayed on my computer (MS-DOS 7.10) with the MEM / A / C command:

MODULES USING MEMORY BELOW 1 MB: Name Total Conventional Upper Memory ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - - ---------------- SYSTEM 32,736 (32k) 9,664 (9k) 23,072 (23k) HIMEM 1,168 (1k) 0 (0k) 1,168 (1k) setver 864 (1K) 0 (0K) 864 (1K) VIDE-CDD 5,024 (5K) 0 (0K) 5,024 (5k) Cloaking 1,168 (1k) 0 (0k) 1,168 (1k) IFSHLP 2,864 (3k) 0 (0k) 2,864 (3k) Command 7,424 (7K) 0 (0K) 7,424 (7k) Killer 400 (0K) 0 (0K) 400 (0K) Watch 3,392 (3k) 0 (0k) 3,392 (3k) MSCDEX 2,816 (3k) 0 (0K) 2,816 (3k) Doskey 5,744 (6k) 0 (0K) 5,744 (6k) CTMouse 3,344 (3k) 0 (0K) 3,344 (3k) Zeno 1,376 (1k) 0 (0K) 1,376 (1k) ESCAPE 496 (0K) 0 (0K) 496 ( 0K) Free 750,080 (732K) 645, 328 (630K) 104,752 (102K) Memory Summary: Type of Memory Total Used Free ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ----- ----------- Conventional 655, 360 10,032 645,328upper 163,904 59,152 104,752reserved 393, 216 393, 216 0extended (XMS) 49, 119, 168 82, 880 49, 036, 288 ---------------- ------------------------------- Total Memory 50, 331, 648 545, 280 49,786,368 TOTAL Under 1 MB 819, 264 69, 184 750, 080Largest Executable Program Size 645, 312 (630K) Largest Free Upper Memory Block 103,952 (102K) Available Space in High Memory Area 5,360 (5k) MS-DOS RESIDENT IN The High Memory Area. From the above table, I can also load the following memory and driver:

HIMEM: The XMS driver from DOS. SETVER: DOS version of the program. VIDE-CDD: Universal optical drive driver. If your drive is USB, use DUSE. CLOAKING: Memory CloAking API and DPMS drivers to save MSCDEX memory usage. IFSHLP: 32-bit disk service, used in Windows 9x, may not load. Command: DOS command processor. Killer: Automatically intercepts incorrect instructions to prevent crash. Watch: One of TSR Utils, disable commands use it to disable the functions of other TSR programs. Mscdex: Mscdex coexisting with the CloAking program, only less than 3K memory, otherwise about 30K. Doskey: DOS comes with keyboard buffer and historical procedures. CTMouse: The universal mouse driver under DOS is small in memory, and the speed is very fast. ZENO: Displays acceleration programs. Escape: You can press F12 to return to DOS mode at any time to prevent crash. Of course, I also loaded a lot of non-memory resident procedures. If you want to know the specific settings in my config.sys file, you can see the following "config.sys file command and configuration". Back to top Command and configuration of config.sys file

Config.sys is an important file in the DOS system, and its configuration directly affects the use of the system and its efficiency. If you are configured, you may have a lot of programs to run normally. Therefore, it is necessary and important to properly and reasonable configuring config.sys files. Below I introduce you to commands in config.sys and their configuration methods. Command in config.sys: Note: All commands ending with high (such as DeviceHigh) indicate it to transfer it to UMB (last memory), but some such commands (such as Fileshigh) must be used in the MS-DOS 7.x version . Accdate: Specifies the date that is last accessed for each drive log file. Usage: Accdate = Drive 1 | - [Drive 2 | -] ... such as: accdate = C D E will record the date of the file last accessed in C, D, E disk. This command is only used in MS-DOS 7.x. BREAK: Set or clear the extended Ctrl C check. Usage: Break = ON | Off buffers / bufferShigh: Allocated memory for specified number of disk buffers. Usage: buffers = Quantity of disk buffers, [Number of buffers in the cache] Device / DeviceHigh: loads the specified device driver into memory. Usage: Device / DeviceHigh file name [parameter] where the file name is the full path to the file, such as C: /Dos/Himem.sys. DOS: Used for configuration of the DOS system, such as whether you use HMA (high-end memory area), etc. Usage: DOS = [High | Low] [, UMB |, NOUMB] [, Auto |, NoAuto] [, SINGLE] where high and low indicate use of HMA or not using HMA, UMB and Noumb representing UMB or UMB , Auto or noauto indicates that the system is automatically configured or not automatically configured, and Single represents the use of single mode. Among them, Auto / NoAuto and Single are only used in MS-DOS 7.x. DrivParm: Sets the parameters for existing physical devices. Note: This command is very small, I haven't used it, so temporarily skip. FCBS / FCBSHIGH: Specifies the number of file control blocks (FCBs) that can be opened at the same time. Usage: FCBS / FCBSHIGH = The number of FCBs that can be opened at the same time. Note: Since the FCB is used primarily in DOS 1.x, the system can be automatically configured for high versions. Files / FileShigh: Specifies the number of files that can be accessed at the same time. Usage: files / fileshigh = number of files that can be accessed at the same time. Note: The set value of the Files / Fileshigh is more appropriate at 30 or so. Install / InstallHigh: Used to load TSR (memory resident). Usage: install / installhigh = file name [parameter], such as: installhigh = c: /dos/doskey.com / appeditdrive / lastdrivehigh: Specifies the last valid drive letter of the drive that can be accessed. Usage: LastDrive = Drive letter, such as LastDrive = F sets F to the last valid drive letter. Numlock: Specifies whether the Numlock specifies if the NUMLOCK is opened.

Usage: Numlock = ON | OFF REM: Add annotations. Usage: Rem [Note String] Note: The string in the annotation is only used to increase readability and will not be executed. Set: Design a DOS environment variable. Usage: SET Variable = [Variable] shell: Specifies the name and location of the command interpreter used by DOS. Usage: shell = file name [parameter] Note: File name default is command.com, you can also specify other files, such as 4dos.exe, etc. Stack / StackHigh: Specifies the number of stacks used. Usage: Stack / StackHigh = Stack quantity, the size of each stack: The usual specified value is 9,256, this value can meet most of the needs. Switches: Specify some special options. Usage: Switches = [/ w] [/ f] [/ k] [/ n] [/ e [: n]] Other menu configuration commands, such as MenuItem, Menucolor, etc. There are still some undisclosed commands in MS-DOS 7.x, such as LOGO, Comment, etc. After you know the above command, you will talk about how to use these commands to config .sys file. The impact of the quality of the configuration is very large. Here is the content in the config.sys file in my computer (all MS-DOS 7.10), you can use it as a reference.

Computer 1, using emm386.exe: device = d: /tools/dostools/echo.sys l / o / a / d / I / n / g config.sys ... device = d: / tools / mdctools / himem. sys /testmem:offdevice=d:/tools/mdctools/emm386.exe noems novcpi i = b600-b7ffdevicehigh = d: /tools/mdctools/setver.exedevicehigh=d: /software/pwin98se/ifshlp.sysdevicehigh=d: / tools /Dostools/vide-cdd.sys /d: cdrom1devicehigh=d :/Tools/dostools/cloaking.execountry=086,936,d:/Tools/mdctools/country.syshell=c:/command.com / P / E: 640set Temp = e: / tempset tmp = e: / tempaccdate = c d e dos = high, umbnumlock = offfiles = 30buffershigh = 30,0fcbshigh = 4,0lastdrivehigh = nstackshigh = 9,256 two computers, using UMBPCI.SYS: device = d: / Tools / Dostools / Echo.sys L / O / A / D / I / N / g config.sys ... device = d: /tools/dostools/echo.sysdevice=d: /Tools/dostools/umbpci.sysdevice= d: /tools/dostools/hiram.exedevicehigh=d: /tools/mdctools/himem.sys /testmem:offdevicehigh=d:/software/pwin98se/setver.exedevicehigh=d:/software/pwin98se/ifshlp.sysdevicehigh=c: /DOS/VIDE-CDD.SYS /D: CDROM1SHELL=D: /TOOLS/mdctools/command.com / p / e: 640set Temp = E: / Tempset TMP = E: / Tempaccdate = C D E DOS = HIGH, UMB, AutoCountry = 086numlock = Offfileshigh = 30BufferShigh = 30, 0stackshigh = 9,256lastDriveHigh = n You may wish to try, I believe you will also make a good config.sys file. Back to top DOS batch file

There are three executables under DOS, which are EXE, COM, and BAT. Where EXE and COM files are binary, only the BAT file is in the form of text, you can read it directly. Therefore, the BAT file is much simpler than the above binary executable. These files contain a collection of DOS commands, usually called the batch file. Although the composition of the batch file is relatively simple, it is very large, and the use is relatively wide. For example, every time you do some of the same commands, you will feel very troubles, and if you are executed in the batch file, it is much easier. AutoExec.bat is a special batch file that is automatically run at DOS startup and plays a very big role in the system configuration. Therefore, to learn DOS, you must learn a good batch of files. The ordering of the batch file is introduced below and its use. DOS comes with batch command: @: This symbol is placed in front of the other command in the batch file, and the command itself will not be displayed. If the @echo off command is often used in the batch file. Call: Call another batch file from a batch file, continue to perform the original batch file after calling. Usage: Call [batch file name] Note: You can also use the command / c command to complete the same operation. Choice: Select commands. This is a DOS external command, but it is mainly used in batch files. After the choice command is executed, you will prompt the optional item, then select it by a button. Usage: choice: [/ c [:] Press key table] [/ n] [/ s] [/ t [:] Select value, second number] [Display text] where, / c represents the button, / N Indicates not to display the prompt information, / s indicates that the case-sensitive manner, / t indicates that a certain selection value defined in / c is automatically executed if there is no option in the approved time. The display text is the prompt information when the choice command is executed. The result will be represented by Errorlevel value. Echo: Displays the specified information. Normally appear on the screen. If the Echo Hello will display the words of Hello on the screen. In addition, Echo ON | OFF is used to set whether the command itself is displayed when executed in the batch file. Echo off is the same as @, but it is a separate command, but cannot be placed before @. For: Run the corresponding command for the specified file. Everyone knows that many of the commands support wildcards under DOS. And *, you can specify a batch of documents at a time, it is very convenient. However, not all DOS commands support wildcards, such as Type (file content display command) is not supported. There is no relationship with the for command, which is beneficial to make the Type command to display multiple files at a time. Usage: For% variable name in (File Set) DO Command [Command Parameter] Note: The above is the fixed form of the for command, the location of IN and DO must be correct, otherwise the syntax error will be prompted. If the for% f in (*. *) Do Type% F command can implement the type command once again display multiple files. Note:% f is the variable name, or can be replaced by% G, but must be consistent before and after. Replace it with %% F in the batch file. Goto: Go to a certain label inside the batch file to execute. As you know, you often need to repeat or jump to a place in a place, such as the goto command in the Basic language. The goto command in the batch file can also complete similar features. Usage: goto [Name] where the label name is available, such as Hello, etc.

Set the label ":" symbol, such as ": hello", when you use the goto hello command to continue to perform a batch file in the location where ": hello" is located. IF: Conditional judgment command. This is a very useful batch command. Usage 1: if [not] exist file name command [command parameter] Significance: If [not] There is a certain file will execute a command. Usage 2: if [NOT] Errorlevel error Returns the code command [Command Parameter] Significance: If the error returns the code [not] greater than or equal to the specified code will execute a command. Among them, Errorlevel means that the error returns a code, it is useful. For many DOS commands, these commands return different codes due to different results (such as performing success, failure, or by user interrupt, etc.), which will return different codes to represent different results. If the error error commands perform different commands based on this different result, it is usually used after a command. If IF Errorlevel 1 Echo OK! Indicates that "OK!" Is displayed on the screen if the current error returns the code greater than or equal to 1. Usage 3: if [NOT] String 1 == String 2 Command [Command Parameter] Significance: When the string 1 and string 2 [not] do one command when it is equal. PAUSE: The execution of the temporarily discontinued and displayed the words "according to any key". REM: Add an annotation. Used to increase file readability, will not be executed. It can also be replaced by :: Shift: Change the location of the replaceable parameters in the batch file. Replaceable parameters are a special parameter that can only be used in batch files. These parameters are entered by the user when the batch command is executed. For example, we execute the DIR / S / W command, where DIR is the command name, / s and / w are its execution parameters. In the batch file, these command parameters will be given to the replaceable parameters, such as% 1, / W, which are encompassed, respectively, so that the class is pushed, and the command itself is given to% 0. The batch file is to operate using the parameters that can be entered when executed. For example, there is a batch file called myfile.bat, execute myfile.bat yes in the command line, and the value of% 0 is myFile.bat,% 1 is "Yes", which can be used in this batch file. The command determines the value of the parameters such as% 1, then performs different operations depending on the different values, such as if "% 1" == "YES" goto yes. The shift command does not bring any parameters, the execution result is the value of the value of% 0 into the value of the original% 1, and the value of the value of the value of the original% 1 becomes the value of the original% 2, and so on. Pay attention to its irreversibility. Because the running parameters at the time of batch file may be many, it may exceed 10, and the replaceable parameters can only range from% 0 to% 9. If you want to obtain the parameter value after the% 9, you can only use the shift command. At this time, the entire parameter column will push forward. The above is the self-batch command of DOS, it can be seen that these commands are very small. To write more complex programs, it is obviously impossible to implement with the above commands. At this time, other practical batch tools are required, famous and practical, TestiF, String, ASET, BATCHMAN, WBAT, etc., can be downloaded in "Script Tool" in DOS Software Category Download. Using the above tools in the batch file can achieve a very powerful feature, even the functionality of many advanced language programs. So, if you want your editor to write a batch file, they are your good choice, not only have a detailed document, but also in development.

Here's the production of the batch file. In fact, it is not difficult to make batch documents, as long as the method is mastered. As you have increased the number of hours, you will feel more and more easily. First use a text editor, such as the Edit command or other editing tools of the DOS, such as Pedit, etc., create a blank file (of course, create it directly with the COPY CON command), then enter the function you want to complete Batch command. If you just want to perform a collection of DOS commands, enter a DOS command in each line in order. But if you want to complete some more complex operations, you need the above batch command or the above-mentioned batch tool. The following is a batch applet from 1% slowly added to 100%, you can use it as a reference to write your own procedure. @echo offbreak offclsset C = 0writext 10 1 Wait ... be delay 4: loopwritext 10 9% C %%% completed.count CIF NOT% C% == 101 goto loopecho.set c = kpush / fbreak on Among them, I It is used in WriteXT, Count, Be, and Kpush, which are batch tools. Writext is an ECHO enhancement tool that can customize the results of the display. Count is a variable computing tool. If the value of C is 1, the value of C after COUNT C is 2. BE is a powerful batch enhancement tool with Norton Utilties 8.0. Kpush is a keyboard buffer tool. In short, using the batch command and batch enhancement tool, we can compose many powerful batch files, everyone may wish to try. Many batch tools can be downloaded in the Script Tool. Back to top