I. Introduction
---- Management Information System (MIS) in modern society has been deeply involved in all walks of life, due to the rapid development and popularity of computer technology, MIS facts have become Computer MIS.
---- Currently, due to the development of high-quality MIS's ability to have a new day of new months of computer hardware, plus social on MIS development and improvement needs and failure of MIS development caused by mistakes and behaviors in MIS development. These circumstances have severely hinder the progress of computer technology. Therefore, the content related to MIS is in-depth research, improves work efficiency, and improves MIS development success rates have become very important.
Second, MIS concept and interpretation ---- MIS is a continuous development of new disciplines, MIS definitions have continuously updated with computer technology and communication technology, and MIS is generally believed to be human and computer equipment or Other information processing means constructed and used to manage information.
1.MIS object is information
---- Information is processed, information is a valuable data for decision makers. The main feature of information is that the source is dispersed, the number is large. Information comes from the first line of production, from the social environment, from the market, from administrative management. The information has time. There are a variety of forms of information.
---- Enterprise can be divided into logistics and information flow from the perspective of information management. The production process is a logistics input and output process, and is an irreversible process. The management process is the process of information flow, and has the characteristics of information feedback.
2, the system is composed of a certain method, and has a certain function as a certain function of several elements of interconnection and interaction.
---- The system has two or more elements, each element and the whole, and there is a certain organic connection between the overall and the environment. The system consists of five basic elements by input, processing, output, feedback and controlling. The information system is the input data. After processing, the information is output is a system. As shown in Figure 2:
3. Manage information consists of five aspects of information collection, information transmission, storage of information, processing of information, maintenance of information, and information of information.
---- Any place must have information as long as it is managed, and if the formation system is formed, MIS is formed. Computer equipment makes MIS more efficient, especially in modern society, MIS has not been separated by computer equipment, so in general MIS is computer MIS. MIS includes hardware components such as computers, network communication devices, including software components such as operating systems, application packages. And with the rapid development of computer technology and communication technology, there will be more content. Computer equipment is not the necessary conditions for MIS,
Third, MIS structure, characteristics and related disciplines
1, MIS structure
---- MIS is part of the source, sources, information processing, information users, and information managers.
2, MIS characteristics
Perfect MIS has the following four standards: The information demand, the acquisition and processing of information can be provided by the program, and the information can be managed.
A unified planned database is an important logo of MIS mature, which symbolizes MIS a product of software engineering.
Implement information value value by MIS, analyze data with mathematical models, and achieve assistance decisions.
MIS is developmental, MIS has life cycle.
The development of MIS must have a certain scientific management work basis. MIS development is only available on the basis of reasonable management system, perfect rules, stable production order, scientific management methods and accurate raw data.
---- Therefore, in order to adapt to the development needs of MIS, enterprise management must gradually improve the following work:
Documentation of management work, all departments have corresponding workflows.
Standardization of management services, all departments have corresponding job specifications.
The unified, fixed content, cycle, format of the report file.
Data data is perfect and codeted.
3, MIS related discipline
---- MIS is a cross-integrated discipline, including: computer discipline (network communication, database, computer language, etc.), mathematics (statistical, operational research, linear planning, etc.), management, simulation, etc. . With the rapid development of science and technology, the scope involved in MIS will expand. Fourth, MIS division 1, based on organizational functions
---- MIS can be divided into office systems, decision systems, production systems and information systems in accordance with organizational functions.
2, division based on information processing level
---- MIS Based on the information processing level to divide into a quantity-oriented system, the value-oriented accounting system, the report monitoring system, analyzes the information system, planning decision system, and forms the information pyramid from the bottom up.
3. Division based on historical development
---- The first generation MIS is manually operated, the use tool is the file cabinet, notebook, etc. The second generation MIS adds mechanical auxiliary office equipment such as typewriter, cash register, automatic recorder, etc. The third generation MIS uses electronic devices such as computer, electrical, telephone, printer.
4. Division based on scale
---- With the rapid development of telecommunications technology and computer technology, modern MIS has gradually been taken from the regional range from regional scope.
5, MIS integrated structure
---- MIS can be divided into horizontal integrated structural and longitudinal integrated structures, horizontal integrated structures refer to the synthesis of various functional departments of the same management level, such as labor, personnel department. Longitudinal integrated structure refers to the business organization of various management layers with certain functions, such as the top and lower level.
Five, MIS development 1, MIS development principle
---- Innovation principle, reflect advancement. The development of computer technology is very rapid, and it is necessary to understand new technologies and use new technologies to enable the target system than the original system.
---- Overall principle, reflecting integrity. Enterprise management can be understood as a reasonable 'closed loop' system. The target system should be the perfection of this 'closed loop' system. Computer management is not necessarily implemented in all aspects of the enterprise, but must be fully designed.
---- Continuous development principle and reflect advancement. In order to improve the usage, effectively play the role of MIS, pay attention to the development of technology and changes in the environment. MIS should focus on continuous development and advancement in the development process.
---- Economic Principles, Reflective. The big and high-efficient tip is not a measure of success MIS. In fact, many failed MIS is due to blind pursuit of high-tech and ignore its practicality. Blindly pursuing improved MIS and ignores the technical level, management level and personnel quality of the unit.
2, MIS development method
---- MIS development method has several forms of self-developing, entrustment development, joint development, and purchasing ready-made packages for secondary development. Generally, based on the technical strength, resources and external environment of the enterprise.
3, MIS development strategy
Inaso-development methods: organizational structure, mechanical division system, regardless of the development of MIS, regardless of MIS development principles.
Database methods, developers have started to develop existing systems from database design.
Imagine system hair, developers are based on imaging based on existing systems.
Feasible development methods: from top to bottom (TOP__DOWN), design from abstraction to specific design from abstraction to specific design, reflect structured design ideas from abstraction to specific design.
Since the bottom (Bottom__UP), the design system components, the use of wood-based methods, the disadvantage is to ignore the organic links of the system components.
---- The combination of both is a common method commonly used in the actual development process. By analyzing the system, the system's logic model is obtained, and the optimal physical model is obtained from the logical model. The screw-based optimization of the logical model and physical model reflects the design idea of top-down and bottom-up.
4, MIS development method
---- Complete use of documentation is the Peugeot of Success MIS. The scientific development process begins with feasibility study, after systematic analysis, system design, system implementation, etc. Every stage should have documentation and continuously improved and enriched during development. There are two types of development methods currently used:
Waterfall model (life cycle methodology) structure analysis, structural design, structural programming (referred to as SA-SD-SP method) to simulate the waterfall model. The work from each stage is from abstraction to specific order. The waterfall model means that there is a strict order between life cycles and interdependent. The waterfall model is the main means of early MIS design.
Fast prototyping method (object-oriented method)
The rapid prototyping method is also known as the object-oriented method in recent years, and the new ways proposed for the defects of SA-SD-SPs are adapted to the progress of the current computer technology and the great growth of software demand. It is a fast, flexible, interactive software development methodology. Its core is to replace the form, stiff (not easy to modify), and provide real feedback to developers by actual operation and trial prototypes on the computer. One of the realization of the fast prototype method is the emergence of visualization of the fourth generation.
Combination of two methods
When using an object-oriented method to develop MIS, the focus focuses on the analysis phase in the life cycle. The various object models obtained by the analysis phase are also applicable to the design phase and implementation. Practice has proven that the combination of two methods is a practical and effective method.
Six, there is a problem 1, urgent work
---- Enterprises have a conditional department objectively impossible to complete the entire system MIS, only from the interests of this department to achieve computer management. For the overall MIS of the company, it is repeated investment, causing direct reasons for people, financial and material waste.
2, the greed is full
---- Many MIS design is very complete, and it is difficult to play a role in the project to become an example of failure. The reason for neglecting the current actual situation of the company blindly pursues high-tech.
3, repeated development
---- Repeated development not only wastes time and manpower, material resources, but also repeatedly developed system regularly in the process of repairing complement.
4, heavy 'hard' not heavy 'soft'
---- The company uses people who don't understand MIS to work MIS. These people are joined with 'light bulb' ideas, only paying attention to buying equipment without knowing 'software' is the fundamental content of MIS.
5, only developing not heavy maintenance
---- Many MIS spent huge manpower and material, but it will die shortly after investing in operation, because serious neglect of the last one of the software engineering is also the most important link - maintenance leads to MIS failure.
Seven, conclude ---- Improve the scientific management level must first improve the awareness of scientific management, and the development of MIS must first have a scientific development method. The basis of success MIS is the scientific management and scientific development methods. The MIS development of the enterprise must be combined with practical, strictly follow the idea of software engineering to ensure high-cost power and high efficiency of MIS.
