In the past six months, Linux has completed all my work.
Hi! Let's take a look at a very critical computer software called "operating system" (noun explanation: P). GNU / Linux is an operating system if you don't know how it is a system, you can refer to http://www.kernel.org.
Because the word GNU / Linux is too long, if there is no particular indication, "Linux" refers to "GNU / Linux". Linux can't be called Unix due to some kind of unclear legal reasons I don't understand. I am just an unknown child, so no one may be bored. I want to find me to fight the law, so I can just mention some proprietary nouns, and "Foo is the trademark of BAR". " I can say: Linux is essentially UNIX, and is the most vital, the most promising UNIX. In the future, I used the saying that I also applied to other UNIX, and it was also established.
My story with Linux
This is the longest history I have written, because I really feel very emotional for Linux. People who don't like to see someone else have jumped this section!
In 1997, after I entered the computer system for a semester, I bought a computer with someone else's partnership and installed a Windows95 system. However, Windows95 is too unstable. It is not more than 3 times a day, and I am a bad molecule. In my hand, if I have no dead turbines in two hours, I am afraid of the partnership. I :) I am grien, I think this is not my fault, an operating system should not be so fragile. I don't like the use of computers as careful, I like to be able to fight, like a skateboard :). I told the teacher that I would like a non-dead system, the teacher said: "You should use UNIX." But Unix seems to be very expensive, and it is a notorious "unfriend of users" (according to the classmates), so Although I got SCO UNIX, I have not been installed.
Later, I was accidentally found a gray book in a bookstore: "Unix: Linux on a personal computer (it seems to be this name). That is the only one in the bookstore for Linux books (thinking about the Linux books of the Khan Caihe in today :), talked about some Slackware Linux installation, use, etc. After I browsed it, I found that this system is free, and I can install it on the PC, so I am very interested, buy this unmanned book (cough, look at the boss of the bookstore :)
Then I started looking for Slackware said in the book, it said that more than 40 floppy disk! The result was not available in the software store. After two months, I actually discovered the Slackware CD in the computer city, I immediately bought it back. (Sales of selling software said: "I finally sold out".) I have a strong opposition to the partner, hard to divide the hard disk, and the SLACKWARE is equipped with Slackware, the disc installed it. simple. In order to avoid others is inconvenient, I didn't install LILO in the MBR, starting the machine from the floppy disk each time. Since then, I will be a Linux user. In fact, I only used a half year of Windows users.
But I didn't understand Linux at that time, I think it is just a helpless choice for people who don't have money to buy commercial UNIX. Later, Linux network functions are getting stronger, and many websites start using Linux, but I think Linux can only be used as a web server or program development platform, and cannot be used for ordinary users. With Linux, I don't know how to drop movie in Linux, I don't know how to browse the web. With Windows, I don't know how to write a comfortable write program under Windows, Turbo C, VC 's way of working is obviously not suitable for me. So many times I switched between Windows and Linux, I think it is very inconvenient. But Linux's way is very efficient, I even install Cygwin under Windows. I will omit 20,000 words here ...
Since I have a deep master of Latex, I transplanted GBKFONTS to Linux, and found a good Chinese input method XSim and Scim, so I no longer rely on Word, and I can use Linux to handle most things. So I didn't use Win2000 for a month. Later I deleted the Windows partition except C: The WIN2000 did not start Win2000. Later, one day happened to watch a Word document, launching Win2000, but I don't know how it collapsed (is it because I deleted two partitions?), Then I simply put C: also made EXT3, so Windows is from me The machine disappeared, Linux became the ruler on my machine. That Word document, I later let my classmates help me into PDF to show me :)
I believe that I can solve all the problems on the computer with Linux, so I want to use Linux to solve it when I encounter problems. The result is half a year, I have completed various work well. Including daily network, programming, scientific research, and papers, Presentation, Entertainment ...
Now I have almost forgotten Windows, not because of discrimination it, just because it has not used me, so don't think I want to cause "religious war", the differences of operating systems should not be a concession. In fact, I am happy to help my father to solve the problem about Windows, Wang Yi, a Microsoft Research Institute next door is also my good friend. I will no longer involve Windows' s prosperous things. I know that there are many things that Linux can do. Windows can also do it, but don't have to remind me, because I really is not interested in the underlying of the operating system.
Free software importance
I am very happy to fully use Linux work. Although Linux and its friends have exceeded commercial UNIX in many ways, they are not as good as certain commercial UNIX, but they can foreseeable, Linux free software will definitely be one in the future. Because "freedom" is very important for people, more and more people realize this, they volunteer investment in the development of Linux programs. Many large companies, IBM, SGI, HP ... also began to support Linux. So Linux's development will be faster. Linux does not have any historical burdens, and Linux's procedures will be more and more perfect by learning the advantages of other systems.
Looking at the procedures that have a significant impact in history, almost all are freely open software. TEX, Linux, Xwindow, Perl ... and the fate of the business program is always gray to smoke in a moment, and it is forgotten to leave any traces. Look at the commercial UNIX, quadruple and five, it is not compatible, causing a lot of trouble to users. Commercial Macsyma, its company can disappear in an instant, let all users lose support. This is what we don't want to see. Why is free software so much power? First, you will find that free software is much more than commercial software. Because some people need some kind of beneficial features, someone adds this feature into the program. The function of Fvwm is like a sea of smoke is such a result. Free software is often easy to get along with other systems, and their compilation installation on different systems is generally no problem, as this is developed by users of many systems, first considering portability. Business UNIX programs often do not easily install in different systems, even if they are installed on the system used during development, they need to spend hard. This inconvenience is caused without providing source code. There have been a Japanese software company staff to grab a whole day after our laboratory, and put a Solaris business software: P
All or part of the free software can be used, improved, and again. You can modify the bug you discovery or join the features you need, or port it to other systems. If you are not a programmer, you can ask people to do this. For example, you report a bug, soon someone solves this problem, you ask a new idea, some interested programmers can help you. For example, I have modified XSim code, correcting the problem that the status window does not disappear when the screen is protected. I transplanted the GBKFONTS code to Linux and Solaris, I can generate TEX Chinese fonts in these systems. I modified the DVIPDFMX code that allowed it to embed some fonts that were typically unable to embed. Users can improve the procedures themselves, release again, so software features will become more powerful, derived software will benefit more people. Business software does not have this advantage, if you have problems, you can't get help very quickly, bug can't get a modification, even if you modify the bug, the updated version is likely to have you to pay, who is willing to report BUG? ? As for the special features you want, don't think about it! Those software companies can't consider your personal needs.
Free software has powerful vitality, which is determined by its openness. A free software, even if you only love, he can take yourself to maintain the survival of this program and adapt to your needs. There will be more people will have interest in this program. Maxima is such an example. Dr. Schelter is due to their interest, silently maintaining Maxima until his last moment of his life, he saved Macsyma - the world's best computer algebra system.
Free software has a good social role. Its all work is open, which reflects the good academic trend of respect for science, not fame and fortune, information disclosure, and common progress, which is very important for scientific research. It can be used by people who need it to be used, which reflects people who are helping each other, and a person who understands free software thinking will be more accommodating in society, help people, have a great advantage for improving the entire social atmosphere.
Complete all your work on your computer with Linux
Linux can complete all my work, but it is not necessarily to complete all your work. These are for reference only. Don't delete your Windows until you have confidence in Linux. Don't say that I have not warned you.
Many people have inseparable Linux in some things, but he did not find a reliable Linux program to complete some simple things that some other operating systems can complete. For example, many people complain about Mozilla Mail under Linux, and evolution is damaged. They just write Email to be issued. Some people think that his professional procedures are only commercial UNIX and Windows. For example, in order to use Windows in order to use Mathematica, he said that there is no Mathematica program under Linux, and the commercial UNIX can't afford it. In fact, you can use Linux to complete these things. First, Mozilla Mail, Evolution Although it is a program that Linux can use, because of the history is too short, they have not stabilized, there are many bugs. If you need reliable stability, don't want time to help Debug, you can send your email with a powerful tool like Mutt. Mutt is much stronger than Mozilla Mail, Evolution is much stronger, but it is obviously a tool that can be used by some "experts". Ordinary users can only use mozilla mail or evolution. So thank you very much Mozilla Mail and Evolution, without you, these two software may not get feedback and improvement of users. Don't be afraid! What experts, scare you :) I have prepared it for you to use MUTT's entry documentation, see here.
Second, in fact, there is Mathematica under Linux, you go to Wolfram.com to see it, you can buy more than 800 dollars. Due to the good performance of Linux, many scientists, engineers start using Linux, so commercial scientific engineering programs, such as Matlab, Mathematica, AutoCAD, Design Compiler, HSpice ... Many portions are transferred to Linux. Of course they may not be free, but they value the price (maybe). If you like free software, many business programs have corresponding free software, such as you can use Maxima instead of Mathematica, replace MATLAB ... and you may find that they have a lot of business procedures than their corresponding business procedures!
People who are used to windows may find that there is still something like under Linux under Windows, or you have a lot of similar things, but they have a lot of things compared to Windows, then there are two possibilities. Sex:
There is a fully similar program, but because it is not beautiful, you are ignored by you. This is the most prone to Windows users, because Windows programs look quite pretty. So most people see that programs like MUTT, FVWM will not consider them, but also find some programs like Windows programs. you are wrong. Some procedures seem beautiful, they are some beginner programming people. Due to the birth of GTK, Qt, Linux developed a graphical interface program is extremely simple. Many junior high school students can make some beautiful uninterested procedures (I have written before :). If you pick it up in this program, you will never find you satisfied. Of course, there are also first-class programs to use GTK and QT, such as GVIM, you can use GTK as a graphical interface, I also know some of the Synopsys program uses Qt. I have also made such a mistake, distinguishing everything from the appearance. The results of excellent FVWM, LFTP, MUTT, WGET were ignored. When I was annoyed by other unstable procedures, when I found them, I found a new mainland :) I first saw that Fvwm felt that it is just a very thick and ugly border, but now, My classmate saw my FVWM said: "Wow! It's beautiful." You can even make FVWM more beautiful than Windows XP. Some of the first time, there is no priority, it is very likely to let you stay in love, so that you will be with you. This is the so-called charm :) There is another completely different way to achieve the same purpose, even better. Many people are concerned about Open Office, Star Office, AbiWord, ... they hope that one day a Linux program is fully compatible to open a complex DOC document. But you don't need to wait, you can get courage, you can get a better thing than Office's Word and PowerPoint. Look at the high-level academic magazines, papers, those professors from the university, those beautiful slides, what do they do? Original Unix users have a very convenient Troff, Latex, SGML, XML and other things to handle documents, and they are more convenient than Word. Many professors stayed with Windows on hard drives is nothing more than to use PowerPoint. I have seen a professor, and his Windows laptop does not have anything to PowerPoint. One day, he pointed to the pile of characters: "Sorry, this is a formula ... How do you do this every time ..." In fact, you can make a slide more than PowerPoint, you can use the simplest Methods The world's first-class papers and slides can include beautiful mathematical formulas. You can take a look at my TEX web page later. Let me introduce some experience using Linux.
Use configuration file custom program behavior
Many people like to configure programs with mouse points menu, but although the mouse is a good tool, its expression ability is limited. You can't use the mouse to let the computer understand what you mean, it has only 3 buttons after all. Look at my metapost page you can experience this weakness of your mouse. So though we like the mouse very much, but you can't rely on it.
Take a look at the excellent UNIX program, XFree86, Fvwm, Vim, Emacs, Proftpd, Mutt, Wget, TIN, ... No one is not using the configuration file to set the option. Why can these programs have no convenient menu to configure? Is it so low that their designers, and even the graphical configuration interface can't write?
of course not. Because the ability of the graphical interface configuration is extremely limited, the expression capability of symbols in the configuration file is unlimited. When you configure these programs with a graphical interface, if you want to achieve the effect of the configuration file, you need a hundred thousand menus, checkbox, radio button, ... you can't find the place you need to modify! The configuration file is actually convenient than the menu. You can fully exert the powerful features of the editor in the configuration file. You can search any of the configuration options you need. The grammar of the configuration file has a lot of similarities, which is generally some commands, setting some variables, parameters, ... once it takes one, others will be easily understood.
Have you found some menus configured programs, and even the IP address will be separated in 4 text boxes, you can't copy the outside IP address in one time, and you can't copy it, you can't delete it. If the Ethernet physical address is not divided into 6 text boxes! I don't know what the designer of this program thinks, there is still a lot of people to imitate this way.
Profiles have high requirements for program designers. Did you find it, write a program that uses the configuration file to be more difficult to configure a menu configuration. In some programs configuration files, there is commands, variables, regular expressions, ... The order of them can be arbitrary. How big is your design difficulty you think. And a menu configuration program, all options are fixed by the designer, and you only have a few choices, and it's more difficult to design. For example, the program that divides the IP address into 4 text boxes, just to avoid writing code to verify the legality of the IP input by the user, because you can't enter 12344.343 # 2344.430 The illegal IP, but this is given The user is much inconvenient.
Please use XWindow
A lot of computer geniors. Very featured is the CLI (command line interface) and the GUI (graphical user interface). The fanatic hot part of the CLI claims to never use x. I saw a classmate in the laboratory to log in to the Sun machine with a SecureCrt, and then use a Vanilla VI editor, I suggested that he started a GVIM to display on the Exceed. But he firmly opposed and said, "Master doesn't use X. You think, if I use X? In a very slow network connection, many servers do not load the X program."
However, our laboratory can be fast enough, and Windows machines have Exceed, and the Sun machine has a full X client program including GVIM. He said that he is a resolute supporter of the CLI, but he is using SecureCrt this GUI program, he later opened several second, entered the address, username and password each time, from the drop-down menu, then select "SSH2", then Click "Connnect". He is also soaring that SecureCRT is "the most popular login mode selected by the network administrator".
He didn't understand the principle of xwindow, and did not understand the benefits of xwindow, or he was annoyed by Gnome and KDE, "XWindow". The console method may be more convenient for network administrators, sometimes even the only choice. However, for ordinary people, don't use xwindow obviously very inconvenient, think you can't draw a function curve! In XTerm, you can complete all the features of console, why not?
It is actually divided into industrial standards, and they have a very flexible usage, each program, whether it is a GUI or the command line, whether it is a GUI or the command line. Unix and X are a family, why bother is so embarrassing, not this? I am a firm "two-faced". Understanding UNIX design ideas
The idea of UNIX design is to let each program only good at a specialized work, then let them cooperate, form a reliable, powerful, flexible system. XWindow also inherited this kind of good tradition.
This is probably Windows and other operating systems to show the dust and place. Unity of UNIX programming, the perfect cooperation, really make me unbelievable! Shell, GREP, Find, AWK, SED, MAKE, Perl, Emacs, VI, TIN, MUTT, ... they are so consistent! Once you have learned the regular expression of the SED, other programs are basically available. Once you have learned VI and Vim, you will find that it is so regularly, and it seems that VI designers have designed Vim in today's perfect and unified way of managing! Moreover, the operation of the VI is also reflected in many programs such as MUTT, TIN. You can even set the BASH to the VI input method to enter the command line, I do this. A program can call another program to get the data, you can pay the data to it, and can "embed" another program in its own window.
For example, when I use MUTT, I can use VIM to edit the email, I can use ImageMagick to display pictures in the attachment with ImageMagick, I can use Lynx to turn the HTML attachment into text embedded window, I also You can hand over the HTML attachment to Mozilla graphic display. I can let Gnupg help me digitally sign and encrypt the email, and I can also use other PGP programs. I want postfix instead of sendmail to help me send an email, I want fetchmail to help me collect mail, forward to postfix, then be handled by my own PERL filter ... I can do it! I can choose my favorite special procedure to complete special work, then combine them together, I can also get their benefits separately.
Introduction to Linux Application
Now I tell you how to handle a lot with Linux.
I used to have a dual system because Chinese is always configured, I have always been a dual system, and I need to restart Win2k from time to time to process Chinese characters. Later I found Minichinput, XSIM, and SCIM input method. This can handle Chinese characters. And Vim and Emacs support Chinese characters better and better. Most of my text is edited by Vim, including programs, letters, web, latex paper, metapost graphics.
I don't have to write the paper like this, but use LaTex because it is the best, most convenient papers in the world, is the format of most academic magazines. The slides are made with context, which is very simple, and the effect is very beautiful. You can look at my tex introduction.
As for the drawing, you can use a lot of visual tools such as Xfig, DIA. But for me, any visualized tool cannot complete some tasks, I need a language that can accurately describe graphics. I found Metapost. It is simple and easy, and the effect is first-class, and the generated EPS can be randomly zoom. My illustration, if not an image, is Metapost painted.
I once complained that Mozilla-Mail often suddenly disappeared, damaging the letters that I have to complete. Later I found that Mozilla's mail handler is indeed unstable, the function is weak, and the experienced UNIX users do not have such a program. MUTT is a very stable and reliable UNIX mail handler and is very powerful. I worked for GNOME and KDE instability. Now I found very powerful FVWM. KDE, GNOME can also work with FVWM. Although GNOME and KDE are generally unstable, some component procedures are not bad, many gtk, QT procedures are also very good, and many of them can run independently of these desktop environment.
I used to use pirated Mathematica. Later I found free Maxima. After a period of study, I found that Maxima is more striking, more convenient, more natural, which is more suitable for processing mathematical problems than Mathematica.
Some advice
Don't "play Linux", many people will feel confused when using Linux, which one is released? Is there anything else? How to upgrade so fast! Why are you so unstable! Whenever you encounter a new software, he wants to try. Whenever the new version appears, he updates, then use the mouse to select the program never seen in the new menu to use. In fact, you use Linux for Linux, without finding the right reason to use Linux. You first want to clear the purpose of using the computer, you use it to solve your actual problem, not to learn to install the operating system, not to test which version is easy to use, not because your hard drive is too big, you want to account for more space. If you don't know what you should do after starting your computer, you should not use your computer first, because you may have something more important. Many people don't have to pick up the release of the release of the release, always in the hope that other issues are better than they are using, and always doubt that they will lose their support in the future, they have to exchange other issues. So many people today are redhat, and I will changed to Debian tomorrow, and I was gentoo, ... and even some people put two versions of Linux on a machine, and then relatively good. In fact, you don't have to do this completely, any issuance, as long as you are familiar, you are almost anything above the way. You often hear that Debian's update is fast than Redhat, which is more redhat, but you can update it quickly than debian, and download the source code directly to the primary site of the program you need. Debian, Turbolinux, SUSE, Redhat, Gentoo, ... any version is good. It is not necessary to discuss the discussion of "Linux vs. windows" in the discussion area, and even compete for the darkness of "Linux vs. windows" in the discussion area. Because everyone needs different, life is different, you can't get a conclusion. We need to respect the choices of others, this is what you need to remind yourself before any discussions on tools. Faced with something that is easy to argue: Word and Tex; Emacs and Vim; Maxima, Mathematica and MAPLE; GNOME, FVWM and KDE; MUTT and PINE ... must be calm. What you need to care is not your tool, but what you did using it. Exquisite Linux does not explain any problem because it is just a tool. If you use Windows to complete your task well, then you don't have time to get time to familiarize yourself with Linux. Until one day you found a task only if Linux was only completed, it was not too late, because the linux of Linux around you will be happy to help you. Directly from the source installer, many people put the latest source code, waiting for someone to help him make RPM, DEB can install. I said why you don't have to compile the source code, so that you have much higher than RPM, there are many new features, but there is no annoying dependency. But he said: "If I use the source code to build and install, it is inconvenient to uninstall, I will leave a lot of garbage." Why didn't the program have not installed? Don't you know what this program is used? You should change to find a program to try the procedure, and you should first understand the same functions in the end, listen to others' opinions, see what the strengths and shortcomings are all, then pick a program that is best for you. .
From the source code compilation installer, it is more suitable for yours more suitable than your RPM, but they generally install the / usr / local directory so you will later reload the system, you can also put the previous / usr / local under us. The procedure is originally not copied. There are 2G programs under my / usr / local, you want to have a new machine to reinstall, then how much time it takes? In fact, I have passed them to a new machine through the Internet, and then I went out to have dinner. When I came back, I got another one-touch Linux machine. What should I do if I do to uninstall Make Install? The answer is deleted directly. Don't think that the procedure directly delete the program will leave garbage, causing "system unstable". (BTW: Who is this? Oh.) make install is nothing more than putting the executable / usr / local / bin, putting some of the function library in / usr / local / lib, putting the data file in / usr / local / share Next it its own directory, you delete these things, don't leave garbage, even if you really leave a little file, you can't take much space, it is more impossible to cause the system. Unstable. Unix is as simple as :) But there are several programs that do not recommend installation from the source code, they are mozilla, open office, ... they compile time to take a few g of space and several hours, this cost I feel It is not worth it, because you can't get more benefits from compilation, it is better to install the compiled version directly. Don't blindly upgrade, I don't know if this is a psychological effect, and some people see the relatively large version number, I will want to change to that. Many people's redhat is very comfortable, but once redhat releases new versions, they will download it as soon as possible, then choose to upgrade installation. As a result, many times the prototypes have been rushed off. The new software has brought new questions. For example, I have conflicted with Minichinput to 2.7.8, upgraded to RedHat 8.0, and I found that XMMS can't put MP3, XFree86 XTT module on I810 There is a new bug that will cause Mozilla to suddenly exit. If you have already configured everything, don't upgrade overall, this will waste you a lot of time, not worth it. If needed, you can upgrade some parts, such as kernel, glibc, gcc, xfree86, ... using UNIX classic program is generally easy to transplant on many UNIX, Bash, Vim, Emacs, MUTT, FVWM, XTERM, are like this. If you use these programs, you can also install it on the workstation of Sun, HP, ..., so that you are almost exactly the same in various models! You don't need to use CDE on Sun on Sun, replace it with KDE on the PC, and you can get a FVWM above, you can get a consistent interface with the same configuration file. Most of these programs have been tested, and they have been developed by many people. They are fully functional, and all kinds of situations are considered everything, absolutely your help. Don't configure what you don't need. If you just want to be a normal user like me, the main purpose is to use Linux to complete your own scientific research tasks and daily work, so you can request a system administrator or network administrator. I am, because it is really hard to be a systematic and network administrator. Ordinary users learn the tools that do not often use the complex maintenance system, actually a waste of time.
I am not a qualified network administrator, my server only sets the features I need, set SSH, FTP is already enough, so you can save me a lot of trouble. I never considered "safety" because Linux is safe. I don't have a tape drive, I don't have to manage the strange parameters of Tar, CZF, XZF, ZTF can already meet all my needs. Don't be busy looking at the kernel source code unless you want to study the operating system, or how to use Linux first. I used to read so many kernel source code, wrote the driver, and finally found me or a lot of things can't be solved by Linux :) Sorry my lesson, you should first grasp the use and principle of Shell, XWindow, They are not simpler than the kernel. Handling Linux programs for daily transactions and their configuration
Some Linux programs I have often used are listed below. There may be a lot in a list, that is to make you choose, I list more trusted. But in fact, there are many only one that I am really useful, because I don't like a trial program.
I suggest some simple usage, usually in a word.
Shell: bash. It combines the advantages of CSH and KSH, and has a Readline feature, you can bind your keyboard at will, using Emacs or VI's way to help you enter the command line. Info Bash can get a very detailed Bash manual, for efficient use of Bash, you'd better look at this. You can write a .bashrc in this note, you can also write a .INPUTRC to configure the Readline library, so that other programs that use Readline can also use the same method to enter, very good. Editor: Vim, Emacs. Vim is the improvement of VI, it is recommended to be familiar with Vim, because many other programs such as Tin, MUTT, Firebird BBS use similar VIM key binding, Vim's key to help regular expressions, such as "^" and " $ ". On the UNIX machine, sometimes you are forced to use vi, and vi is modal. If you are familiar with the editor of Windows, it is difficult to accept Vim's working mode, so you need to adapt. Program development: GCC, Make, LD, Scheme48, GCl, J2SDK, Perl, Python, TCL / TK ... This configuration is nothing to say, let's take a look at the documentation. Documentation Tools: LaTex, Context, Texmacs. Latex can be used to write a paper or simple slide, and Context can make a very beautiful screen document. Texmacs can be very comfortable, the edited documentation of WySIWYG, it is better than Word, WordPro, WPS, LYX, is Wysiwyg, it is true Wysiwyg, very beautiful. The configuration method looks at my TEX page. Drawing Tools: MetaPost. This language is too strong, so I only use it. If you are not familiar, you can use Xfig, Dia to draw pictures and other pictures. The configuration method looks at my Metapost page. Image processing: imagemagick. The Import program can screen graphs, and the Convert program can convert the image format. Display can display pictures and simple editing (zoom, changing quality, transfer format, simple drawing, simplified). Usually I need this. If you want more powerful image tools, you can use GIMP, it's almost almost similar to Photoshop. I'm trying to use it, CONVERT knows how to use it, and Display shows the picture and click the mouse on the picture. It is very simple, not to say. Automatic management tool: make. I can use Make to block compiler, automatic compilation document, automatically update the illustration ... Fully automatic, and will not let the machine repeat labor. Look at Info Make, it is a very detailed manager to write Makefile documents, which is better than any other book. Numerical calculation program: Octave. This program can basically implement all of the numerical calculation functions of MATLAB, and the syntax is the same as MATLAB. Algebra Calculation Program: Maxima. This program is based on one of the oldest computer algebra systems in the world: MACSYMA system. It is implemented with Common Lisp. Many current symbol computing programs such as MAPLE learn a lot from Maxima. It is now available in GPL, always is a free software. Encrypted program: gnupg. My PGP key is it. Pack, compress the program.
Everything: tar, gzip, bzip2, zip, rar, ... For TAR usually you only need to know 3 parameters: zxf (unpacking), ZCF (package), ZTF (what is the file in the package). There are not many other words. Virtual optical drive program. Linux does not require a virtual optical drive program, you have to look at the content of an ISO file, and you will go directly. For example, mount -o loop mycd.iso / mnt / cdrom. To make a disc, you can use DD, such as if your CD-ROM is / dev / hdb, then: DD if = / dev / hdb of = mycd.iso can make a disc image file called Mycd.iso FTP server: Proftpd, VSFTPD. Proftpd is very strong, but I only use the simplest setting. WWW server: apache. (I usually not open) FTP client: LFTP, NCFTP. They are all working, but they are more convenient than the graphical interface. For example, LFTP almost all of the convenient features of Bash, Tab complements, Bookmark, Queue, background download, mirror ... Linux also has a graphical interface FTP client, but most of the unstable, there are many problems. This is a small reason for many people complaining that Linux is not as good as Windows. There are still many people to simulate Windows LeAPFTP in Wine, in fact, LFTP is much better than LeaPFTP, and you need it. It works very much like Bash, so I suggest you get familiar with BASH. Automatic download tool: wget. It is very stable, once I downloaded a program, using the files downloaded with IE and Mozilla to download back, and finally WGET reliably transmits data. With it, it can even mirror the entire website, compared to Webzip's Windows program, and will not insert an advertisement in the downloaded webpage because you don't pay. Info Wget can get a complete instructions. Virtual Terminal: RXVT, XTERM, GNOME-TERMINAL, MLTERM, ... These configurations use the standard configuration method of the XWindow program, write something in .xdefaults. X Server: Xfree86 Window Manager: FVWM. Compiled with libstroke. See my FVWM page for details. Chinese input: XSIM. I have modified to adapt to FVWM needs. In addition, you can also use SCIM. Email Process: MUTT Sendmail (Postfix) Fetchmail. See my MUTT web page. Look at PDF, PS, DJVU file: Acrobat Reader, XPDF, GHOSTScript, GV, DJVU Toolkit, and Netscape plugins. They are all available for free. Look at Caj, Surround Document. Cajviewer seems to have no Linux version, don't know why. If you can't find PDF, PS or DJVU, go directly to the library to read injured eyes. See page: Mozilla, Phoenix, Lynx. The display effect of Mozilla-XFT is much better than IE. English-Chinese Dictionary: IBM Smart Dictionary, Star Intercity King. Edit the web: I write HTML directly with Vim. If you want a graphical way, you can use other things such as WebSphere, Screem, Bluefish, which can construct more complex web pages. Log in to other UNIX, Linux machines: OpenSSH, Telnet.
I like to use OpenSSH to transfer other machine X programs through the SSH encrypted tunnel to my machine. DISPLAY service: rdesktop, logged in to Windows2000 Server, ... I have tried it a day, not bad. I have never used it later. Synchronization program: rsync. I use RSYNC to synchronize data with some machines through SSH, or make synchronization between different directories on their own machines. On BBS: RXVT (or any Terminal) Telnet Chatbot (Helloooo Robot Program) QQ, ICQ, MSN Messenger: I don't have QQ, ICQ or MSN. However, you can use Gaim, it supports QQ, ICQ, and many other instant communication methods. ICQ users can also use LICQ. Live: MPlayer, RealPlayer. MPlayer is too good, you can put VCD, DVD, Divx, WMA, WMV ... I am envious of me with Windows, saying that Windows is going to put this need for a big pile. RM is best to put it with RealPlayer, it is also free. Music: XMMS (MP3, OGG), MPG321 (placed MP3), OGG123 (placed OGG). MPG321 is not as convenient as XMMS management music files, but sometimes I still use MPG321 to play MP3 as a background music, because I am too lazy to open an XMMS window :) Game: I haven't played video games for a long time. But I think Ksokoban (push box) of KDE is very fun. Large games such as Quake also have Linux versions. See Word documents or PPT. Simply use OpenOffice. Easy to encounter too complicated DOC, PPT document can't be opened with openoffice, please turn it into PDF or PS (postscript) to give me again, there is no special format in the document, why is it so troublesome. Fortunately, we are notified to use text, PDF, and even pictures. I think everyone should understand the poor non-Word users, don't think everyone uses pirated software. PDF and PS are world-wide cross-platform document exchange format. It is recommended that you convert words, ppt into PDF or PS and give others. about the author:
Self introduction
Hi! My name is Wang Wei. I now study a Ph.D. in the computer system of Tsinghua University. I like computer science and skateboarding. Many people interested in computers feel that my experience is useful to them, so I have time to put what I like about computer and skateboard here. There are still many other fun things.
I like computer science, this is why I am on the computer system. I like to study things in mathematics, especially the geometry. I will like to write a creative program, but I don't like to prepare a lot of thousands of procedures. In addition to studying these many people think that they are bored, I still like a lot of interesting things.
I really like computer scientists D.E.E. Knuth, I greatly appreciate his spirit of love for your favorite. He gave me a lot of encouragement, making me a curious and love for computer science.
I really like sports. My favorite is a skateboard, it is not only my sport, my lifestyle, and is one of my transportation.
I stepped on the skateboard to go to class, stepped on the skateboard to the laboratory, step on the skateboard to the canteen, step on the skateboard on the street to buy things, ... but my technology is not very good, because I am more fat (but I am slight loss: P ). I will do Ollie, Manual, Nose Manual, Pop Shovit, HANGTEN WHEELIE, ...
My Ollie can only jump on three steps, but people can also make people applaud. When I play the skateboard, what the most happy thing is that the girl screams to me (although they are sometimes scared by my "dangerous action": P), there is a child to run, there is an old man curiously ask me "how? Can you fly? "... they smile to me, I also smile to them, this is how harmonious rhythm, it makes me feel happy, let everyone feel happy. I love this sport, I love these kind people, I love the stairs of the door of the swimming pool, I love the small station at the foot of the integrated gym, I love around my trees and flowers, I love everything around me! I always want to practice a skateboarding action called Kickflip, but I am really stupid, I have been exercised for a long time, still will not, but I will continue to work hard.
My board has changed many times. From the most beginning Powell K56, Element Wray, ... to the current Birdhouse Santos, ... but wheels and bridges have not changed, because my technology is not damaged. My friend Tim Cognan gives me a set of Bones Black Swiss bearings from Australia. I like it very much! !
I also like many other sports. I am best to kick the scorpion, I can play more than about 2000, but now I have few patient playing so much, because it takes a long time to concentrate. I also like tennis, football, long run, etc.
In fact, there is too much thing I like, and time is never enough. So I can't wait to have a proficiency. But I don't ... so I can only engage in some of them for a while. I participated in the "Devil Training" of the Job Society, I hope to go to the snow mountain in the future. I have learned street dance in recent days, and I dance with my friends is really happy. Maybe I can learn Break Dance :)
I like music very much. My favorite band is Backstreet Boys, I like AS Long As you love me, all i have, get down, etc. I also like U2 Beautiful Day, I will Follow; Spice Girl's WANNABE, Stop; Eagles' Hotel California; Axelle Red Faire Des Mamours. I really like the Cats musical, I will sing some of them, such as Memory. Friends who danced the street dance give me some eminem and other people's hip-hop saying that I also like it.
I like some classic saxophone music of Kenny G, but I don't like those who have adapted. I like the voice of the guitar, very beautiful, I have some angelos works. I feel only in these respects, some people tell me that these people are not masters, but I really feel very nice. I have never heard of the work of other masters, huh, huh.
When I am fine, I can write, because my words have been written by using the keyboard. "Word is like a person", right ... So I still want to write words, so I will become handsome: P
I am learning French, this is a very beautiful language. I just started learning, I feel very difficult, I am hard to read an article, but I like French very much, I will work hard.
Write these temporarily. Au revoir!
