Memory curve
2005-5-25 Wednesday (Wednesday)
The other recorded materials can not be recognized or recalled, or the re-recognition or memory of the mistake is called forgetting. Ai Binhaus first conducted a systematic research on the phenomenon. He used his own test and used unconscious as a memory of memory, and used the saving method to calculate the number of maintenance and forgotten, and painted it into a curve called Ai Binhaus forgotten. 2 6th, 82531, 31st, Ai Binhaus, is also known as Ai Binhaus holding a curve, and its ordinate represents the retention. The retention of memory is basically around 30% after an hour. After eight or nine hours, it tends to 20%, and then it is subject to this amplitude. The curve indicates a regular basis for the development of the forgotten process: the process is not balanced, and the initial time for identity is very fast, and later gradually slow, it is considerable, almost no longer forgotten. The forgotten development is "first fast", after him, many people have made similar experiments, although slightly, the trend of curves is generally similar. Forgotten a lot of factors: (1) The significance of materials and effects on the forgotten process Students have no significant meaning, do not cause his interested, do not meet his needs, do not account for the material in his work and learning. (2) The impact of the nature of the material on the process of forgetting, generally said that the skilled motion is slow. Bell discovered that a skill was only forgotten by 29% a year, and it can be restored to a slight exercise; image materials are more likely to remember. Research on J.P.Guilford shows that meaningful materials are slower than meaningless materials. So Ai Binhaus's forgotten curve is just a forgotten curve. Different properties of materials have different forgotten curves. (3) The number of materials on the forgotment process is a significant impact on the effect of the identity effect. Generally speaking, to achieve the same level of identity, the more materials, the more time or the number of readings. (IV) The impact of learning levels on the process of forgetting the process of learning a material, and still continued to learn after a completely correct recitement, called over learning. Studies have shown that excessive learning can keep the material well. 100% of the learning degree refers to the trial to reach a completely correct recitation; 150% of the learning level is 1 hour after 1 hour, it is necessary to correctly recite the material, and use half an hour to study; or refer to learning 10 times Can recite the material, then learn 5 times, the rest is pushed. Generally speaking, the degree of learning is 150%, the memory effect is best. More than 150%, the effect does not have significant growth. (5) The sequence position of the material is different for the sequence position of the identification material. The case is different. Generally, the first tail of the material is easily remembered, it is not easy to forget, and the intermediate portion is easily forgotten.
Forget
2005-5-25 Wednesday (Wednesday)
"Laozi" I recited to the fifth chapter. Since this time is too busy, I have decided not to deliberately review. Of course, I will review it when I have time, I really can't take the time. The law is carried out. I have run outside these days. I haven't heard the recordings in the morning. As a result, I found it really almost, it seems to be a memory curve.
Like (moderate interpersonal attraction) 2005-6-1 Wednesday (Wednesday)
Interpersonal attraction: It is an individual's affirmative state in the emotion between others. It is a positive form in interpersonal relationships. classified according to the degree of attraction: Affinity - a lower level of attraction like - moderate attract love - a strong attraction influence of factors like: (1) similar Sex - faith, value of personality characteristics; similar attraction; similarity in social status; similarity. The actual similarity is important, but more important is the similarity of the two parties. (2) Complementary - complementary complement; complementary social roles; complementary characteristics of personality. When the needs of both parties, roles and personality features are complementary relationships, the attraction is very strong. (3) External factors such as appearance, appearance, body, behavior, and demeanor are often large in forming interpersonal emotions. The appearance of the beauty can produce a radon role, that is, people who think that the beautiful beauty has other excellent quality, although it is not necessarily that it is not necessary. (4) Personality Quality - The top six personality quality is the highest level of love is sincerity, honest, understanding, loyalty, real, trustworthiness, they are more or less, directly or indirectly related to sincere, The last few quality of the last favorite level is lying, pretending, not honest, etc., is also related to sincere. (5) Familiarity and neighbor - familiarity that can increase your favorite level. Adjacentity refers to people who are generally equivalent to other conditions, individuals like neighboring people. The familiarity and the approximation of the approximation are related to the frequency of communication between people. People who are getting closer to physical spatial distances, meet more opportunities, easy to attract, so that their psychological space is close.
Interpersonal relationship
2005-6-1 Wednesday (Wednesday)
Interpersonal relationship: It is a direct psychological relationship established in the interaction between people. Interpersonal relationship: (1) Individuality - In interpersonal relationship, the role is returned to the secondary position, and the other party is not the main problem with it or is willing to be close. (2) Directity - No direct contact and communication will not produce interpersonal relationships, once interpersonal relationships are established, will be experienced directly by people. People feel close to the mind, and individuals feel comfortable, if there is contradictions and conflicts, they will feel isolated and depressed. (3) Emotion - the basis of interpersonal relationships is an emotional event between people. Emotional factors are the main components of interpersonal relationships. There are two types of interpersonal emotional tendencies, one is close and mutually attracted to each other, one is to disclaim separation. The stage of the establishment and development of interpersonal relationships: (1) Orientation phase - including the attention of the interaction object, the choice and preliminary communication. (2) Emotional Exploration Stage - How to explore both parties can establish emotional links and have a certain degree of emotional involvement. (3) Emotional communication stages - The nature of the relationship between the two parties has undergone important changes, trust, security began to establish, and the depth of communication with each other has evolved and has a deeper emotional involvement. At this point, both parties will provide evaluation feedback and tricks or criticism. (4) Stable Communication Stage - Further expansion of each other, which has allowed the other party to enter your own private sector, and self-exposure is wide and profound. Principles of interpersonal relationships: (1) Mutual principles - the basis of interpersonal relationships is the mutual attention and support between each other. Any individual will not accept others without no reason. It is premise that it is premise that it is premise. (2) Exchange Principles - Interpersonal Communication is a social exchange process. The principle of exchange is that individuals are expected to be valuable to ourselves, that is, in the process of communication, at least equal to the loss. Interpersonal communication is the result of the two sides based on its own values. (3) Self-Value Protection Principles - Self-value is an individual's consciousness and evaluation of its own value, the purpose of self-value protection is to prevent self-worth and degradation. three basic interpersonal needs: (1) inclusive needs - contact with others, interact, compatible. (2) Significance - controls others or by others. (3) Employment needs - love others or love it by others. Memory strategy
2005-6-4 Saturday (SATURDAY)
Memory strategy is a means and method for adopting the input information for efficient memories. Children's memory main feature: (1) awareness that exceeds that there is no consciousness to become the main way of memory. (2) Significance Memory gradually dominates in memory activities. (3) The development speed of the abstract memory of the word has gradually exceeded the image memory. child use memory strategy experience from an incisive development process, this process is divided into three phases: first: No strategy, more children before the age of 5. The second phase: the transition phase, generally 5-7 years old, which is characterized by self-employment of strategies, but induces can be used. The third stage: the stable development stage, generally a strategy can be taken and consciously adopted after 10 years old. The main memory strategy adopted by children: (1) Review (back): Reciting is an effective strategy that promotes children's memory, pay attention to the process of constantly pointing to input information, but also to achieve the purpose of recognition Made awareness activity. (2) Organization: It is the project contained in the material you want to identify, and it is assumed to be classified into a system according to the meaning of the meaning. Category - Collecting materials to be identified in a certain standard or relationship to help memories. Serialization - is to organize and organize interrelated information according to the system relationship to help memory. Children's memory training and promotion: (1) enrich children's knowledge and experience (2) Improve the development of words and thinking (3) Use the characteristics of memory development, promote memory development process The net of weaving memory in the morning morning in the process of repeating the "Laozi", under the guidance of her father, very well used the classification and series of organizational strategies, I think this It is the best cultivation of her memory strategy over the stage. From this sense, she is beneficial. Youth development topics
2005-6-4 Saturday (SATURDAY)
my country scholars (Zhang Ri) basis for many years of research results in 1993, proposing the following ten youth development topics: (1) understand and adapt to the development of the body and its changes. (2) Self-reliance from the spirit of the home or adult. (3) Study and gradually improve the gender role as men or women during the learning process. (4) Adaptation to new interpersonal relationships, especially the opposite sex. (5) Learn how to know yourself and understand themselves. (6) Learn how to social and treat society. (7) Learning and establishing the outlook on life and values that must be met as a member of society. (8) Learn and master the knowledge and skills necessary as a member of the society. (9) Do the preparation for choosing occupation and work. (10) Be a marriage and preparation for family life. infancy: 0-3 years old: 3-6 years old childhood: 6, 7 years old - 11, 12 years old 14, 15 years old: 14, 15 years old - 35 years old] Middle-age: 35 years old - 60 years old old period: 60 years old
Middle-aged development task
2005-6-4 Saturday (SATURDAY)
Robert Havighurst, 1972, induced the mid-term development task as the following: (1) Performing adult Civil Responsibility and Social Responsibility (2) Establishing and maintaining life Standard Happy adults. (6) Adaptation relationship with the old parents. (7) Carry out an adult amateur, leisure activities. Pressing force
2005-6-5 Sunday (Sunday) heavy rain
Pressure refers to different nature and different intensity of different properties and different intensity of people in a realistic social life and natural environment. These stimuli are not independently, monolically presented, and they are often incomplete into a whole and acting on people. (1) Cognitive system: Cognitive system: The correct scientific logic can degrade the strength of the pressure, the wrong non-scientific cognition can expand the strength of the pressure . (2) Social Support System: Harmony between interpersonal relationships, many friends, each other can care, love each other, help each other, such support systems can degrade the strength of the pressure, the social support system is poor, the strength of the pressure can be expanded. (3) Biological Immune System: Strong immune system, can actively resist or balance the abnormal physical changes caused by pressure, so that the pressure does not develop into the somatosis, the immune function is low, and the pressure is easy to smen The form is manifested as an obstacle. From the above process, it can be seen that the strength of the so-called external pressure is just a relative value, which varies depending on the strength of the individual intermediary system.
Eight phases of personality development
2005-6-7 Tuesday (Tuesday)
The development of personality is the orderly process, and each stage has its specific cultural restriction development tasks. If you can develop active quality at each stage, you can form a sound personality. Conversely, there will be crises or obstacles. (2) (3) Development initiative stage (4-5 years old) (4) Being diligent stage (5-11 years old) Duty Stage (18-30) (7) Show Creativity Stage (middle-aged and Zhuang Ying period) (8) reach perfect stage (from mature to old age)
Intelligence differences and causes
2005-6-8 Wednesday (Wednesday)
Intelligence grows rapidly in childhood, slow growth in adolescence, approximately 25 years old to achieve the peak, and remain stable to the later period of middle age, gradually decline in the elderly period. , Total, intelligence belongs to about 80% of the population between the human population between China usual or near the common (IQ 80-120). (2) Group differences A. Gender differences, integrally, intelligence may have no gender difference, but in specific cognitive and perceived - exercise ability, there is indeed gender difference. Female in words flexibility, reading comprehension, finger agility, and paper skills are superior to men; men are superior to women in mathematical reasoning, visual-spatial capacity, physical movement and coordination. B. Occupational Differences Generally, accountants, lawyers, engineers have the highest score, truck driver, miner, and agricultural workers. Ethnic differences, there are differences in different ethnic groups. Rational assumption: The higher the upper limit of genetic decision, the greater the role of the environment. Interpersonal distance
2005-6-8 Wednesday (Wednesday)
The interpersonal distance refers to the spatial distance between the human body and the communication between the human body and the communication. Due to differences in people, interpersonal distances are thus different. (1) Public Distance (12-25) In formal occasions, speech or interpersonal distances in other public things, the communication is often one-way. (2) Social distance (4-12) is the interaction distance of people who know each other, and many business interactions occur more. (3) Personal distance (1.5-4) is a distance between friends. At this point, people speak gentle and accept a lot of trouble information. (4) Intimate distance (0-18 吋) This is the distance between relatives and husband and wife. At this distance, both parties can feel the odor, breathing, body temperature and other privacy sensation stimulation. Note: 1 呎 = 0.3048 meters, 1 吋 = 25.4 mm
From the public
2005-6-8 Wednesday (Wednesday)
The individual volunteers in a cognitive, judgment, belief and behavior at group pressures, and the phenomenon of majority in the group. Commonly known as "with large current", that is, the opinions and behaviors of the individual meet with most people in the group. in social life, most of the public behavior does not have social evaluation significance. It doesn't matter of active or negative, depending on the social significance of behavioral itself. In any society, most people's concept is generally consistent with behavior. A social needs common language, common value concept and behavior. Only between such social members, communication is likely that the communication is interactive to promote this commonality and consistency. From an individual, he is only consistent with social leading tendencies in many ways to better adapt to social life. Any individual, no matter how smart, its knowledge is limited, and it is not possible to adapt to every social situation encountered. Individuals need to make themselves quickly adapted to unknown worlds in a large extent, so they have the functions of individuals with social life. (2) Avoid fear of deviation: deviate from the group, individuals face larger group pressure and even sanctions. Any group has a tendency and execution mechanism that maintains consistency. For those who have groups, the group's response is accepting, like and preferentially treating; and the deviation is tended to disgust, refuse and sanctions. (3) Group cohesion: It refers to the attraction level of the group on its members and the level of attraction. Members in groups of high cohesiveness, strong agreement, closely related to group members, and have the requirements for contribution and obligation to groups. B. The population has strong attraction to individuals, and the individual is easy to be in. The impact of mass scale: from the affected behavior by the size of the group. (2) Individual Personality Factors. The higher the individual self-evaluation, the less generates it, the less self-evaluation is low, and it is easy to come. B. Individual self-confidence is stronger, from the small; self-confidence, it is easy. self conscious
2005-6-10 Friday (Friday)
self-awareness is the relationship between ourselves and the relationship with surroundings, especially people. The level of self-awareness is the marker of the personality development, and it is also an important factor in promoting personal development. mature self-awareness has at least the following three characteristics: (1) I can feel my physical characteristics and physiological development status (2) can conscious and experience their inner psychological activities (3 ) I can recognize my role in collective and even society and the status.
Demand
2005-6-10 Friday (Friday)
It is necessary to reflect the inner unbalanced state of the organism, which is manifested as a desire to have an organism on internal and external environmental conditions. The need is to promote the movement of organisms and the source of power. There is a need of hierarchical theory. Maslow proposes his needs of hierarchical theory. He believes that people need to be divided into five levels, namely physiological needs, safety needs, love and home needs, respect, self-realization needs. (1) Physiological needs: That is, the needs of food, air, water, sex and rest. (2) Safety needs: It is the safety, order, stability, exemption of life and property, exempt from fear and anxiety. (3) The needs of love and belonging: It is required to establish an emotional contact with others, such as taking friends, pursuing the needs of love, belonging to a group and enjoying the status in the group. (4) Respecting the need: including self-esteem and respect for others, this need to be satisfied will enable people to experience their strength and value, enhance his confidence. (5) Self-realization: refers to the hope of having to maximize their own potential, constantly improving themselves, achieving their own ideals. Self-implementing needs is the highest level of humanity, but the ways and ways to achieve self-realization can be different. When I chatted with Li and Li, he said that I am in a need for self-realization. I always smile. In this world, people who really reach self-realizing the realm are still a few, I still Far! Cause
2005-6-11 Saturday (SATURDAY)
Attribution, that is, the reason for the behavior of the behavior, refers to the process of speculating and judging the behavioral causes based on the relevant information. Attribution is a common need for human beings, everyone has a view and concept of the connection between behavioral reasons from its own experience and its behavior. If the behavior is attributed to the personal characteristics, it is called intra due. The external conditions of behavior are external conditions, including background, opportunities, other people's influence, and work tasks. If the behavior cause is attributed to external conditions, it is called the cause of due to due to the cause. Comprehensive attribution: In many contexts, behavior and events are not caused by single factors of internal or external, and this attribution is called integrated attribution. Control point Theory Control point is the theoretical view of a personal attribution proposed by Rotter. It is believed that individuals have different interpretations of things that have occurred in their lives and their results. internal controller: For some people, the results of most things in personal life depends on the degree of efforts when they do these things, so he believes that they can control things to develop and results, such people's control points In the interior of the individual, it is called internal controllers. Such people tend to give up responsibility for their lives, the control point is outside the individual, called external controller. Since the internal controller is different from the source of control points, they have different attitudes and behavioral ways to treat things. The internal controller believes that he can play a role. In the face of possible failures, it will not be suspected that the future may improve, in the face of difficult situation, and pay more efforts to increase the work input. The external controller can't see the positive relationship of personal efforts and behavioral results. In the face of failure and difficulties, it is often shocked to external reasons. Do not find solutions to solve problems, but try to seek rescue or gambling style. They tend to face life in helplessness, passive ways. influencing the factors of attribution (1) The influence of social perspective, because people are different from the perspective of the social perspective, there is also a significant difference in the reason for behavioral reasons. (2) Self-value protection, the individual's interpretation of self-involved, with obvious self-value protection tendency, is inclined to the direction in which self-value is established. When successful retreat, when successfully, the individual tends to be attributed, when failure, the individual is rarely interpretable, and tends to be attributed. Success is due to the determination of self-value, failed to be due, reducing the responsibility of failure, four self-defense. Under the competitive conditions, individuals tend to generate the success of others, thereby reducing the pressure of others to success, if others fail, tend to be attributed. Attribution of the success or failure of others, individuals have obvious to protect themselves, to protect their self-value, this tendency is motivated to attribute error. Impression
2005-6-12 Sunday (Sunday) heavy rain
Impressions refer to the image of cognitive objects remaining in the individual mind. Impression is a way of an individual adaptation environment. Impressive formation, refers to the individual's first contact with new social situations, always in accordance with the individual, and classify the people or things in the situation, etc., clear its meaning to individuals to make the individual's behavior to clear the process. Impressional effects (1) The first factor and the recent effect In the impression formation process, the order of information has an important role in impression. The initial influence is the most influence, called the first cause effect; the latest information has a large influence because it has recently referred to the recent effect on the recognition at time. (2) Anti-ring effects in the first impression, the evil evaluation of cognitive people is an important dimension. Once individuals have the quality of the cognitive object to form some kind of tendency, it will use it to evaluate the other qualities of cognitive objects. The initial tendency is like a radiopcrew, so that other qualities also reflects similar colors due to the influence of the antlerandon, which is called a photocopy effect. (3) Step Impression and Certificate People's viewing of a certain type of person or a certain kind of thing is called a stereotype impression through his own experience. If the scribe impression is aimed at a group member, it is called a set. A cognition of a group of members of a group, a summary impression with valuable tendency is to shape. The active role of stereotypes is to make the social perception process simplify, negative effects are easy to form a prejudice. The type formed on a limited experience is often negative properties and will have biased or even discrimination. impression and finishing, impression, also known as impression management, is an individual to influence the impression of himself in a certain way. It is a way individual adapts to social life. In real life, in different situations, each individual assumes a number of different social roles. In every context, individuals should accept others, public and society, and their behavior must be in line with the society. In order to better adapt, individuals should implement effective impression. Successful impression, its basis is correct understanding, correctly understanding others, and correctly understands that they are looking forward to the role. Motion
2005-6-15 Wednesday (Wednesday) heavy rain
motivation is caused, promoted, maintained and regulating individual behavior, making it a certain goal of psychological process. The motivation caused by the natural needs of people is called natural motivation, by human social attributes, motives caused by social needs are called social motives. The human social motivation is the direct cause of its social behavior. Some of the people need to be converted from the satisfaction to satisfy the status and generate new needs, this process is called the motive process. Motivation function: (1) Activation function: motive stimulating individual behavior, has a driving effect. (2) Point to function: Individual behavior always points to a certain target and thus has the purpose. Before achieving the goals, the behavior will not stop. (3) Adjustment: Individual Behavior Before reaching the goal, the motivation is maintained, and if the behavior is blocked, a motive may be replaced by other motives, which is the motor adjustment. In general, there is a pouring U-shaped curve between motivation intensity and activity efficiency, which is the mode of motivation, the highest activity efficiency, and the motivation level is too low and too high, which will result in a decrease in activity efficiency.
Affinity
2005-6-15 Wednesday (Wednesday) heavy rain
