UML software engineering organization
Beijing Dragon Fruit Software Engineering Technology Center
Website Project Management - How to do a good job in demand analysis authors and unknown people ????
Foreword
???? With the continuous development of technology and the demand for the functionality of the website, the design of the website project can no longer use the static HTML file to be implemented, with the previous year website design by one or two pages Compared with the design and development of the designer, the design and development of the website project is becoming more and more complex, and the design and development of the website project has entered the era that needs to emphasize the process and division of labor, establish a normative, effective And a robust development mechanism can adapt to the needs of the user's changing needs and achieve the expected plan goals.
???? Web Site Project Management (WPM) The meaning of WebBasedProjectManagement, that is, project design and management of web applications as the main manifestation, such architecture, including key main body, network, and web servers. It is mainly reflected in the website design to develop project management for web applications for the client (for example, information website, online store, virtual post office, customer relationship management.).
In this article, the author refers to the website project management (WPM) and the software engineering (RUP), and combines the actual work experience to seek the role, division of work, processes, processes of website engineering management (WPM) Complete elaboration, making the website project management gradually gone to standardize.
???? According to the author's experience, the website project management can be divided into the following seven stages for control: ???? 1. Demand analysis and change management ???? 2. Project model and business process analysis ???? 3 Analysis and software modeling ???? 4. Interface design, interaction design and program development ???? 5. System testing and documentation ???? 6. Customer training, technical support and after-sales service ???? It should be noted that although these stages have certain continuity, it is not completely partitioned, such as demand change management and testing, and document writing is throughout the project process, while many work is cross-performing.
???? How to do demand analysis and change management?
????????????????? 's compliance with customers. The project is based on customer needs, not for technology. ???? This chapter includes the following: ???? I. Let customers speak freely, Ros is all the needs ???? II. Analyze the potential demand through the phenomenon? III. Use the natural language description project Model ???? IV. Use the schematic and chart to show the needs of the user. ???? 5. Who wants to see demand analysis report? ????? 6. Establish a demand change log and make a new version of the demand analysis report. ???? seven. This stage focuses on work character ???? eight. Summary ???????? 1: Let customers speak freely, Ros is all demand
???? Let the user clear all the ideas as clear as possible, and list all the requirements, do not miss it. At this time, it should not be afraid to "seduce" the potential demand for customers and increase the workload of design and development, which is dragged into the quagmire by the future customers' endless changes, directly understanding the problem and requires one articles, Incident, the analysis first throws it, and accurately records the most original and most complete requests for users to complete the first step.
???? Obviously, if the customer's needs are not complete, it may generate changes outside the meaning, and even this change will destroy the model and structure that has been done, then this project is destined to fail; For example, all the features of the site are all realized, and there is no problem in local testing, but you don't know if the customer's system is to bear access to 1 million independent IP a day, and you think of it is a 10,000 independent IP access. Access traffic, a little experienced developers will understand that such a design is a disaster, whether it is the application server, database or procedures to re-develop! ???? 2: Analyze potential demand through phenomenon
???? In many cases, customers are not professionals, can't expect them to help us to organize key and technical difficulties in their intensive descriptions, this requires us to analyze, summarize and organize, especially customer talk. Not much, it is also technical to achieve difficulty and high intensity.
???? The customer often is very vague about the concept of demand, most of the demand given is general and difficult to control, which requires business people to listen to the customer's detailed instructions, help customers organize and analyze At the same time, it is predicted that customers may make a potential upgrade of the upgrade in the development process and future applications.
For example, when designing an office automation system for a customer, it may be necessary to reserve a channel to interact with their business units in the future; when designing the mail system, it is necessary to need advertising management servers; design network When the electronic store is increasing the statistical analysis of stock products inventory products, etc.; limited to time financial resources, customers usually accept the development process of phased implementation, in demand analysis, early demand changes to customers in addition to making project development Be more smoothly, it also has made a better foundation for further depth of future business.
The author was responsible for the design of a large news website. When the customer took nearly 50-page design requirements report, I found that there were forty-pages of content to be repeated, but In the corner of one of the "search other websites related news" buttons, and did not do any description, only the 10 words complete the workload of the top, other full forty pages to repeat the other Work, customers don't know if this requirement is actually the development of a search engine, through consultation, and guests agree to modify the engine in the station.
???? 3: Use the natural language description project model
???? Demand analysis written while communicating and surveys with customers, as far as possible, using natural language, although customers' level and qualifications are different, the most natural description enables project development to all members It can clearly understand the meaning of demand, and no deviation is produced in understanding. For customers, such model descriptions are closest to real, easy to participate in revisions, and can be based on the basis for testing and acceptance.
???? Please compare the following two questions about the demand, ???? "When the user can access the home page, you can click the 'customer channel' button, pop up the window of the 'User Name and' Password ', and enter the correct Open the home page of the customer channel in the new window, display all the navigation bars of all operative functions and the latest news link list "????" Site is divided into two states, and the authentication mechanism makes unique Users can access encrypted information and provide a function of different from ordinary users. "???? Pre-paragraph description We are easy to imagine what is designed and completed, and the description of the next paragraph may make countless different Version, causing mobility to understand demand.
???? 4: Use the schematic and chart to show the needs of the user.
???? Demand Analysis No matter how expression is still abstract, it is difficult to understand the customer, and the basic identified demand production is most intuitive.
???? Making schematic can have many ways, using the PowerPoint or Visio production process, using the HTML document production interface, the simplest use of the drawing and Word table, the key is to use the schematic to make customers The system is reflected in the system, and the two sides will have an intuitive understanding of the products to be completed in the future. In other words, the products have not really entered the development stage. The results of the work reach a unified comment, which will greatly reduce the troubles of demand changes, while customers are more easily involved in the development process of the project, and ensure that the project is carried out in the right direction. ???? In the RUP, there is a description: ???? "Use the film, cartoon, pictures, forms and cartoons to start, tell us who the user is, what to happen, how to happen.??? User friendly way to help collect and improve user needs. ???? Encourage more creative, innovative design solutions. ???? Encourage team review and avoid all people do not want the characteristics.?? ?? Ensure the characteristics of understanding, intuitive ways. ???? Make the interview process easily, avoiding a phenomenon that there is no result of the interview. ???? Simply, the production schematic is to use the tool to the user (protagonist) Description (sometimes an animation demonstration) system how to adapt to the needs of the organization, indicating how the system will run. The coordinator will show the initial sash to the team, and the team members provide an opinion. After the seminar, the debit is also "real-time" "Evolution. So you need a drawing tool that can easily change the bidboard. In order to avoid distract attention, it is generally best to use simple tools, such as charts, whiteboards, or powerpoint."
???? 5: Who wants to see demand analysis report
???? Project manager, system analyst, development manager, interactive designer, tester, document staff, including customer representatives, should look at demand analysis, and make a common discussion, reach a consistent opinion.
???? We often encounter the business people's hardworking projects, but it is difficult to implement the developers, and the products designed by technicians often do not understand the customer's recognition, even disputes, so People who participated in project development should have unified and clear understandings of this demand, and make comments on their own work, and finally determine the goals of project implementation by revising the customer's communication.
For example: ???? Project manager can form the required team to configure the working environment by demanding the needs of the team including the configured work environment. ???? The restrictions and functional requirements of the development cycle may affect what language and tools in the programmer are written; ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? What kind of accuracy; ???? Interface designers determine the expression in accordance with the nature and positioning of the project. ???? Test personnel understand the test environment and conditions to track and detect the quality of the project; ???? In the table below, we can see the workflow for different roles based on the requirements of the requirements: ????
???? 6: Establish a demand change log, and make a new version of the demand analysis report
Although we have spent a lot of efforts in demand analysis, it is almost certain that this demand analysis will change in the development process, maybe it is from the omission of customers, or may be In the development process, this change is sometimes so frequent and trivial, so that it is often impossible to feed back the change in time to the various roles of the project, so it is very important to do a good job of change the log.
???? At the end of the demand analysis, the changed log is attached, and the modified demand analysis is made into a new version, keeping each changed version, not override, so it is easier to track the demand change process Come and adjust.
???? In the demand analysis of the new version, it will change the multi-part of the special way and record multiple details in the log. ???? About demand analysis and change management can refer to the image below: ???????? Seven: This stage focusing role
???? In the process of demand analysis and change management, the biggest role of workload is the customer representative, the salesman and the project manager.
???? The customer representative proposes the needs, the salesman helps organize and analyzes, and the project manager evaluates the entire project.
???? In actual work, many of the causes of failure are related to demand analysis. Customer representatives and salesmen usually do not engage in technology development, often in order to discuss the technical difficulty, workload, time progress of the project, which requires project manager or technical staff.
In order to reduce the risk of the project, improve work efficiency, there is a need for the need to design specification to help customer representatives and salesman better completion tasks. The following is provided with a template for a demand management plan as a reference: ????????
8: Summary
According to the author's experience, we must have a good demand analysis as soon as possible, maybe you can learn more about it: ???? Listen carefully, all the requirements of the Russen customers; ???? Take a demand, confirm the operational system Model; ???? Use the most natural language to describe the system so that each developer does not generate a mission; ???? Quickly determine the user role of the website; ????, such as visitors, members, important customers, The front desk administrator, website administrator, salesman, etc .; ???? Analysis determines the permissions and operable features of each role; ????, such as members can view special information, modify personal information, exit landing, etc .; ?? ?? The front desk administrator can log in to the management system and can post editing and modify information, and can review membership. The website administrator can change the column, modify the website interface, etc .; ???? Production flow chart and schematic will demand Come out; ???? Let customers participate in the design of the diagram, timely and correct reactions. ???? Make a demand change log, keep the upgrade version, demand management through version control; ???? Make each participant to see a common effort
