Sender: YSS2000 (do not steal, no logistics), the letter area: Tsinghuacent
Title: The ultimate actual situation of Gengzi claims:
Sending station: BBS Shuimu Tsinghua Station (TUE JUL 20 00:05:07 2004),
[The following text reprinted from the History discussion area]
Sender: Zanzhang (Yun), News District: History
Title: The ultimate actual situation of Gengzi claims:
Sending station: BBS Shuimu Tsinghua Station (MON JUL 19 17:44:59 2004), in the station
The Gengzi Indending and Use (Reposted)
In 1900, China's Geng Ziyi and group movements have attracted the arms interference of the Eight-country coalition forces. On the morning of September 7, 1901, the Qing court's full representative of Li Hongzhang and the 11th representative, signed in the final agreement, and signed the "Xinchong Treaty" that pushes the Chinese nation into the hardships.
The sixth paragraph of "Xinguan Treaty" agreement, Qing government compensates Russian, Germany, Method, British, US, Japanese, Italian, Ozabi, British, Limous, West, Portuguese, Sweden and Norwegian military expenses, lost The fee and other funded shall be 982238150 two silver, from 1902 to 1940, it is also clear in 39 years, with customs, constant relations and salt politics into collateral, according to the approval and exchange rate listed in the treaty, It is "Gengzi Indending". Among them, Russia is from the Manchuria, the amount is the most cost, the amount of the income is the largest, more than 303,370,000. China was about 45 million people at the time, and the Gengzi claimed that every Chinese was placed about one or two silver. Gengzi claims, exceeding the sum of all previous indemnities, here, China is financially and economical. The "compensation" "of the war" compensation "for the" indemnity "of China's total of more than 1.6 billion silver.
In all countries that launch an aggression war in China, Japan plunders China's property.
In 1901, the Qing government has settled 450 million yuan to the Western Eight countries, and the United States should receive more than 32 million two, equivalent to more than 2.4 million yuan.
On March 6, 1906, US missionaries were suggested by President of the White House, and the "Gengzi Indenders" in the Qing Dynasty was in China to study abroad in China. Under the promotion of Ming En, President Roosevelt proposed to the Congress to sponsor China's education, May 25, 1908 by Congress.
In 1908, the United States officially announced that half of the "Gengzi Indesur", more than 1160 million US dollars to China, as a funded for beauty students. In order to carry out the work of dispatching student, the Qing Dynasty government opened the Qinghua Sino-Japanese Preparatory School in Beijing in 1911, 1924, renamed "Tsinghua University".
In 1924, the US Congress passed the resolution, and the rest of the Gengzi compensation was used in China. It established the "China Cultural Education Promotion Foundation" (or called "China Foundation"), the amount of the palm of 1254 · 50,000, the Northern Government appointed Hosting board consisting of 10 Chinese and 5 Americans. The considerable part of the amount is provided to Tsinghua University in the way of scholarship. Due to such a special source of funding and operation mode, Tsinghua has created it, in many aspects, there is already its own special advantages and school conditions, and there is a different from other universities in China. Such an environment also gave Mei Qi Zhi School objectively laid a certain substance foundation and provided the necessary business conditions. Foreign historians commented: "The secret of Tsinghua's success is that when other colleges have helped the unstable governor of warlords, Tsinghua's annual budget is guaranteed." This view is impossible Exagge the role of the United States, but basically still fair.
Among the academicians of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, "Tsinghua" is nearly one-third. In 1949, the "Tsinghua Fund" outstanding educator, Mr. Mei Yiqi went to Taiwan, and using this payment to create Hindu Tsinghua University.
Since Tsinghua's source of funding is relatively abundant, it has considerable autonomy, and these conditions have naturally influence on the school, which promotes the development of Tsinghua 's management system and operational mechanism to form a set of independent. It has something that is characterized by Tsinghua 's own characteristics, and therefore produced some special institutions and styles, and even the gradual formation of Tsinghua School Broken and Study Style has been connected with this. One example of this characteristic is more obvious, namely the early 20-130, and several large-scale school trends in Tsinghua University. Among them, the Tsinghua President has passed many times, and there are more than a dozen, and even there is no principal in Tsinghua several years, and the school meeting is maintained. The United States has a hard education plan, which has achieved a good results. Chinese students who have taken Gengzi (Hu Shi is the second batch), who have become the most shining star in China in the later decades, and their words and teachings have deeply affected the later people.
In the 1930s, the United States has exceeded Japan and became the largest country in China. At the same time, Americans have established 12 church universities in China, including Herch's famous Yanyin University. The Church Hospital has appeared in Union Hospital, and the Rockefeller Foundation funded the rural survey of Chinese scholars and archaeological action.
At the beginning of 1926, the British Congress passed the return of China's Gengzi's claim (refund to choose an educational project to the British students), ie, the use of this paragraph in the formula. At that time, Hu Shi was the "China and British Geng Gang Advisory Committee" China Consultant In 1917, after the success of the Socialist revolution in Russia, the Sovan government announced that the Diwu Russia's all privileges in China, including the refunded part of the rendering. The Russians will also cancel the privileges in China, and all of these exchange conditions have only one: the Northern Government acknowledges the new Soviet regime. In May 1924, the two countries signed the "Sino-Russian Agreement", including the refund use, except for the Chinese government's various debts in Russia as collateral, the remainder is used in China's education, from China Soviet The partisen group (Russian refunded Gengzi Independent Commission) was responsible for processing.
The total number of balances in France's refund is 39.158 million Franc, and the $ 7.55.5 million yuan. The total amount of this balance is based on the agreement from 1924 to February 1st, until 1947. The year-year continued pad borrows the Mediation Industry Bank as the row to issue five-cential dollar guarantee. The Sino-French Industry Bank will charge four fees with this US dollar creditor: 1. In exchange for no profit bonds held by the Far East debt; 2. Handling in education and charity; 3. Paying the balance of the stock of the Chinese government; 4. Turn the Chinese government's owed industry bank loans.
At the beginning of 1920, Li Shi was with Cai Yuanpei, Wu Jingheng, using the Gengzi to pay, and founded in Beijing. Mr. Chairman, Cai Yuanpei as the principal. In the same year, Cai Yuanpei and Mr. Zhao Liang, the Mayor of Lyon, Herriot, the dean of Lyon University Medical College, and cooperated to establish a Sino-France University Association, which is determined in Lyon. the University.
Finally, in the leadership of the United States, countries have returned the compensation, used in China's education and cultural exchanges, only Japan has not returned.
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※ Source: · BBS Shuimu Tsinghua Station Smth.org · [From: 210.82.34. *]
