Product description
X The basic component X system is not like an early window system to set a bunch of similar software, but is combined by three associated portions.
(1) Server: Controls the actual display and input device.
Server can create a window, draw graphics and text in the window, respond to the "Requests" of the client program, but it will not move itself, only after the CLIENT program is requested to complete the action. Each display device only corresponds to a unique server, and Server is generally provided by the system's vendor, usually cannot be modified by the user. For operating systems, Server is just a normal user program, so it is easy to change a new version, even the original program provided by a third party.
(2) Client (client)
Client is some applications using the system window feature. The application under x is called a client because it is a customer customer, which requires Server to complete a specific action in response to its needs. Client cannot directly affect the window or display, which can only be sent to Server, complete their request by Server. A typical request is usually "a string written in a window" or draw a straight line from A to B.
Client's functionality can be roughly divided into such a part: "Demand" to Server is just part of its function, and other functions are prepared for the user. For example, enter text information, mapping, calculation, and more. Typically, this part of the client program is independent of X, it is hard to know about what X. Typically, applications (especially large standard drawing software, statistical software, etc.) have output capabilities for many output devices, while displayed in the X window is just one of a number of output formats in the Client program, so the client program The part of the X-related part is only a very small part of the entire program. Users can use the Client program through different ways: Use the program provided by the system; use software from third parties; or users who write themselves for some special application. (3) Communication channel
With Server and Client, they will transfer some information, which is the third component of the X we want to introduce: Communication channels. With this channel, Client Transfer "Demand" to Server, while Server Recycling Status (STATUS) and other information give to client. Client is using a library to use communication channels. Supporting communication morphology requirements on system or network is the basic X Window Function Library built in the system. As long as the Client program uses a library, it naturally has the ability to use all available communication methods. At this time, the channel itself is no longer important, but it is just a concept.
X user interface
One of the design objectives of X is to create many different forms of user interfaces that provide personalized services. X only provides a general architecture that makes the system build the interactive style required. This feature allows developers to build a new interface on the basis of X and can choose the appropriate interface according to their own needs at any time.
2. Use background (user, task, environment) and typical use plot
Users can be divided into two kinds of skilled users and sparse users: XWindow provides customizations for both users. XWindow can make the task that can only be completed with a dry length Linux command, this time you can complete it with the mouse. However, many of XWindow makes the user may take some time to learn when they have just come into contact XWindow. But for the handlers, it is easier to get up than the command line. But for skilled users, the situation may be just the opposite. They don't like to work with XWindow. XWindow is precisely used to make the operating system easy and fast. This makes it the purpose and its current situation. Because most users using the operating system are skilled users. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the principle of xwindow's principle of human-computer interaction. 3. Human machine interaction technology characteristics
Human-Computer Interaction is one of the most young branch disciplines in computer disciplines. It is a product combined with two major science and cognitive psychology. It involves many popular computer technology, such as availability engineering, artificial intelligence, natural language processing, multimedia system, etc., and also absorbing linguistics, human machine Engineering and sociology research results are a cross-borne, marginal, comprehensive discipline. With the continuous expansion of computer applications, the broader software developers and computer users need to comply with human-machine interfaces of "simple, natural, friendly, consistent" principles. In fact, almost all excellent system design and success. Software products must involve friendly human-machine interface. Without a good interaction interface, the performance of the system is better or not a good system.
4. Use the background and interaction techniques in the future possible changes
Why is Xwindow more than Windows. The answer is as follows: What issues should you consider if you are operating system designers? You will of course say that you want to manage hardware / software resources, and there are many features. I think two points: (1) function. (2) Human machine interface. As everyone knows, UNIX is powerful, the interface is not good? why not? What is the computer? This one is one. The initial design phase of the second operating system is light considerate, and there is no consideration of the interface. XWindow is attached, and the relationship between the kernel is not natural. Windows initial design phase features and interface simultaneously, the window and kernel are all integrated. XWindow is not as good as Windows because it is here. Linux To defeat Windows, there must be a total designer to consider functionality and interface in the initial design phase, and divide the module truly as a user-centric. To do this, Windows is over.
Today's computer development has turned from a single implementation function to user-centric design methods. As long as the careful user observes it, it is not difficult to find: Microsoft, IBM, Oracle's product user interface is so unacceptable. In fact, this is exactly what they have to build a usability laboratory for adapting to the times. Using statistics method tracking, surveys, experiments, analyzing users' operation habits and aesthetic orientation, simply they are willing to know the big price. What kind of operation interface. These practices are of course the most effective, mostly in line with scientific law, and can also solve the problems we have encountered in interface design.
Those users are manipulating the skilled users of the Windows system, which also represents most groups of using a computer. But they can't take advantage of Xwindow very good. And an operating system performance is good, or if you cannot provide a good interactive interface to the user, it is not a perfect operating system. So since Windows has been prevalent for many years, Microsoft has invested a large amount of human material in the system interface, which has formed a established standard. Whether it is developer or ordinary users to be familiar with this standard. Why is Xwindow not to give an east on this basis? Make it both stable performance and Window excellent user interface. In addition, many of the words in XWindow are often filled, such as the control center, I see that there is no control palette. In fact, the user interface is good to see and do not have a unified rule, but as a successful operating system Windows has been familiar with people. I don't want to be a poor computer user. 5. Future interface design
1) Use the user-centered
With the demand for users to change to the starting point, the external form and internal mechanisms of the user interface can meet the needs of different users, which is the user-centered design idea. Non-specific people's continuous speech recognition technology will make computer understanding people's requirements and is an important input interface and means. Fisheye technology enlarges the content near the screen (or cursor) position to facilitate user observation. In the traditional human machine system, people are considered an operator, people to adapt to the machine; in a general human machine system, people are called users, they can talk to the machine, but there is no active control ability; while in the virtual reality system In the middle, talent is active participants, the machine will respond to people's various movements. Various systems are convenient for people to learn and use.
(2) Non-precise
Accurate interaction technology refers to the interactive mode of user interaction purposes, and the keyboard and mouse need to be accurately entered with a technique. People's actions or ideas are often not very accurate. Computers should understand people's requirements, and even corrective errors, intelligent interface is an important direction.
(3) High bandwidth
The content of the computer output is now available quickly, continuously displaying a color image, and its information is very large. And people's input still tap and use the keyboard to be tapped again, so the input bandwidth of the computer is very low. A new generation of user interfaces should support high input bandwidth, quickly enter information, large quantities. Input and understanding of voice, images and postures are the future development direction.
(4) Multi-channel
The multi-channel interface is intended to take advantage of the complementary characteristics of more than one feeling and motion channel to capture the user's intention, thereby enhancing the naturalness in human machine. People's sensory channels have visual, auditory, tactile, smell and balance; people's sports channels have hands, mouth, eyes, head, foot and body. Now, when computer operation, people's eyes and hands are very tired, and the efficiency is not high. If you will listen, say, and your hands, your eyes, you can use multiple channels to interact with natural way, you can achieve high-efficiency personnel, or you can choose the best reaction channel by people or machines, which will not make a certain channel burden. weight. That is, it is accelerated that the operating speed and the wait time is reduced.
