If you want to learn your computer, you should have a certain understanding of your computer. The so-called understanding of each other can do not walery, today I learned some simple knowledge, start learning from the development process of the computer.
How many phases are divided into several phases? What is the characteristics of each stage?
The first computer ENIAC (Electronic Numeric Integrator and Calculator) was found in 1946. This computer is developed in the US Oberde Weapon test site to calculate the needs of the ballistic. It consists of 18,000 electronic tubes, with a weight of 130 tons, covering an area of 170 m2, 150 kW per hour, 5000 additions per second. Although it is not very perfect, it has created a new era of a computer after all.
So far, the computer has undergone four generations of evolution and is currently developing to the fifth generation or a new generation of computer.
The first generation is a computer computer, from the late 1940s to the mid-1950s. Its main components are tubes, and the memory is used as a magnetic drum, the volume is large, and the power consumption is much slower. The operation is slow. During this period, the computer is mainly used for scientific computing and military, and it is not common.
The second generation is a transistor computer. From the mid-1950s to the mid-1960s, the transistor is used as the primary device, and the internal memory mainly uses a magnetic chip, and the outer memory starts using the disk, input and output mode has a large improvement. . The advanced language begins to be used, the operating system and compilation system have appeared. This generation of computer volume is significantly smaller, the reliability is greatly improved, and the calculation speed can reach millions per second, and the application and management field of management purposes is started.
The third generation computer is an integrated circuit computer, from the early mid-1960s to the early 1970s. The device adopts a small and medium-sized integrated circuit, and the memory mainly uses a semiconductor memory, and the computer design begins using micro-destruction design techniques. The development and use of operating systems and senior languages have been wide and computer networks appear. The computer in this period has a large increase in storage capacity, operational speed, reliability, etc., the volume of machines is further reduced, and the cost is further reduced, and the application field of the computer is further expanded.
The fourth generation is a large-scale integrated circuit computer, from the beginning of the 1970s to the present. The device adopts large-scale and large scale integrated circuits, and the internal memory is a semiconductor memory, and the integration of devices is getting higher and higher. At the same time, a microprocessor appears, and a microcomputer appears. The emergence and development of the computer is a major event in the history of computer development. Its development has become more rapid, from 8-bit machine, 16-bit machine, 32-bit machine, to 64-bit microcomputer, making computer in storage capacity, computing speed, reliability and Performance ratio has a big breakthrough than the previous generation of computers. Computer network technology has been further developed in the field of local area network, wide area network, and in network standardization, profile network, and fiber optic networks.
In the 1980s, the United States, Japan, Western Europe and my country's computer community have begun to develop a fifth-generation computer or a new generation of computer, also known as smart computers. In addition to the function of modern computers, it also has ideas, associations and learning of people's reasoning, Lenovo and learning, with a certain extent, and has speech recognition and image recognition. The research and development of the fifth generation computer is united.
Summary knowledge points:
The first computer ENIAC is manufactured in the University of Pennsylvania, a total of more than 18,000 tubes, which are 5,000 computing per second.
The four phases of computer development:
Electronic computer --------- Transistor computer -------- integrated circuit computer -------- large-scale and large scale integrated circuit
