[ChinaByte comprehensive message] Comprehensive analysis of P2P 1 .p2p: The second. The road to the second.p2p is three.p2p's embarrassment and dilemma four.p2p industry in action one .p2p: The prelude is open to open a popular one sentence: 96 Yahoo, 97 years of Amazon, study eBay in 1998, now learn Napster. Why do you learn Napster? Because Napster has created a new business model --p2p, and P2P opened a new round of network revolution. Napster is a music sharing software developed by Napster's 19-year-old University. The company started a music exchange service on the Internet. Users can search for MP3 files stored in other user computers in Napster.com, and get this file free of course. You can provide your own MP3 file to other users. This free and convenient service is generally welcomed. Since the company's founding last year, the registered users have exceeded 30 million. And this service pioneered partners' concept quickly enables P2P to be popular around the world. So what is P2P? P2P's English is "Peer to Peer", where Peer is "equivalent people, partners" mean. Domestic media generally translate P2P into "end-to-end" or "point-to-point". For a long time, the Internet's Internet is a server-centric, and people send requests to the server, then browse the information responded by the server. The P2P will be user-centered, all users are equality partners. SCIENTIARUM NATURALIUM UNIVERSITATIS. Everyone shared what they believed to be the most valuable, which will enable the value of information on the Internet to greatly improve. At the same time, the way to communicate between P2P users, so that people have become reality for open and free internet. The P2P technology allows the personal computer and the noble server to sit in flat, so that the PC has a new vitality. One day, you suddenly found that you no longer need to apply for free home space and email, you can implement these services on your own computer. No matter where you go, you can read the files on the office or home in the office or home. All of these, P2P changed the game rules of the Internet, and also changed our lives. However, under the preseason of Napster, if you think that P2P is just a file sharing method, then your thoughts are too narrow. P2P technology allows all users to share various resources on the computer (eg CPU, printer, etc.). More than a year ago, many domestic media published an inconspicuous report: You can use your own computer to participate in SETI @ HOME exploration alien action. The seti @ Home project is another successful example of the P2P application. The project will consist of 2 million personal computers around the world in early 1999, and search for the signs of alien civilization in the radio astronomical telescope signal. The project team said that in less than two years, this calculation method has completed the amount of 345,000 in a single computer. In fact, from the technical point of view, P2P is not a brand new technology. It is only the application of distributed computing technology on the Internet; and on the other hand, P2P is also the return of the original Internet. As a full-featured bulletin board and the commercial exchange, the Internet users are directly to the other party before the World Wide Network (WWW). In fact, in our modern online life, it has not yet fully left the way such users directly communicate directly with users. In the LAN, we often use the online neighbors of a typical P2P communication method, while the ICQ and OICQ welcomed by netizens are also an application of P2P thinking.
But until one day, when Napster began to show people a beautiful future, when SETI @ Home began to show people's huge potential to people. People suddenly suddenly realized, began to realize the unlimited business opportunities brought by P2P, and P2P began to be popular around the world with the unstoppable trend. Even the founder of the net viewer also treats this as the most important invention from the Internet browser; Yahoo President Jeff Mallett recognizes that P2P will change the operation mode of traditional companies and even existing network companies; Intel companies predict: This is a new computing revolution, a potential huge market. Second. The way of profit from P2P said that every six months, Silicon Valley will be excited for the birth of a new technology. The media is crazy, the big and small company is swarming, and the waist wandering a wild venting investor also sprinkles the banknotes. But what? Individual lucky companies have seen the dawn of the hopes, and individual companies were acquired by a large company, and all other companies will land, and the new concept of some new names is passed. I have just passed the new economy of the new economy as a new economy represented by e-commerce. After the baptism of wind and waves, it is eager to get rid of daily investors to become cautious and rational. So, compared to Peer to Peer, people are more willing to call P2P as Path to Profit. So, today, P2P is not expensive to look at the public in the network economy river day, is it? No one dares to conclusion. However, after more than a year of exploration, several slightly hopeful profit models have become clear. · Napster mode in just one year, among all kinds of P2P companies, Napster is already "grandfather". It allows users to exchange files in freedom, open ways, which makes Napster's number of users increases rapidly with index explosion, and has already exceeded 30 million people. In this case, it is naturally, a thinking is to show the ads of the sponsor on the software. This kind of profit is basically the same as the winning way of most portals. Because the P2P has many users, the advertising is also very large. In theory, there should be better profit prospects. However, Napster did not profit through this classic profit model, nor intended to put the profitable weight forever in this mode. · Lightshare mode as a shortcoming P2P company, Lightshare's profit method is to carry out e-commerce on the P2P network. Users can purchase or sell goods on the P2P network. Users can search for information for sale or list yourself for sale. The items for sale are kept in the administrator's computer, but dynamically saved the item on the central server for other user queries. In the service carried out in LightShare, the initial trading item only includes digital files, but will gradually expand to other fields later. This kind of profit model is currently difficult in management, billing, security. · Popular Power Mode Popular Power collects a large number of pending computing power of PCs in the working gap, producing supercapacity capabilities through clustering technology, high-intensity calculation work and large research projects. In Popular Power mode, users are required to install a special screen saver on their PC. When the screen is running, Popular Power assigns a workload to the PC's PC. Users will receive a certain amount of rewards as the usage fee for their idle computing resources. We can call POPULAR POWER mode as "Water Power Plant" mode - busy, and it can be called "trafficking mode" - through trafficking of idle resources of personal computers. Profit.
· DataSynapse mode DataSynapse's profitable method is "Grid Computing", which connects thousands of computers to form a virtual supercomputer with their idle resources. On the surface, DataSynapse mode and Popular Power mode are not different - all in the air-selling computer resources. But Datasynapse constructs "grid computing" on the intranet between the cooperative enterprises, not the Internet (INTERNET). In this way, on the one hand, the problem of bandwidth stenosis and poor security can be solved; on the other hand, the target user is positioned in the enterprise user, and there is a big profit. · The integrated model integrated model is to combine the above two or more modes, and provide better P2P services. It is also possible to combine P2P with other business models (such as B2B, ASP, etc.) or network technologies (such as search engine technology, etc.) to explore new profit modes. In addition, there are some profit modes that cannot be presented or unable to resort. Because as a emerging technology, people's understanding of P2P is incomplete. Some people put people now the understanding of P2P as "blind touch", everyone only sees a part of them, and complete understanding needs to be gradually formed in practice exploration. In addition to pure profits, investors, P2P is also part of it zero, and the viral-type propagation mode. Although napster has never been advertised, its number of users has skyrocketed, which is different from the previous e-commerce website, and the performance of other network services cannot be done. Third. P2P's embarrassment and dilemma although P2P is a hot soil full of profit, why is most of the investors who are eager to face face the temptation of P2P? In addition to their rear baptism after Nasdaq, in addition to the P2P's profit model is still in the unable to verify the exploitation process, there is also a lot of difficulties to overcome in the P2P itself: · copyright issues are like Napster's emergence of impacts the interests of the record, most P2P services will inevitably conflict with intellectual property rights. Napster's risk is turned off by the federal court until today, it is still in the swamp of the copyright lawsuit. Although some organizations such as the US Record Association are looking for a new way to protect intellectual property rights, each P2P company that provides document sharing services has to carefully examine the copyright issues facing the P2P network. · The essence of the management difficult P2P network is the "Utopia" management method, which gives users more freedom, but this has also fallen into the "no governmentism" dilemma. It is conceivable that the lack of management P2P network will become a hotbed of viruses, pornographic content, and illegal transactions. Many P2P intended to carry out e-commerce through the P2P network, but payment issues, traffic calculations, product value verification, etc. are difficult to overcome. · Spam is naturally obtained by a large number of users in the P2P network. When a user is searching, it will naturally get a lot of search results. In addition to a small number of useful information, most other information may belong to spam. In the absence of a unified management, the P2P network is difficult to sort search results, and users will inevitably fall into Wang Yanghai. Now that the company has tried to introduce manual intelligence technology, expert database technology into the P2P network, hoping to overcome the trouble of spam. • The phagocytical network bandwidth P2P makes the network unprecedented, most users are willing to use the P2P network to transfer files between computers, which will plenty of phagocytosis network bandwidth, especially in most users prefer to transfer large volume MP3 files, video files This problem is more impossible to ignore. In my country, the network bandwidth is narrowed into a P2P application is difficult to overcome.
However, people from the industry called 2001 as "broadband net year", and hope that broadband Internet access can completely solve the bandwidth crisis facing P2P network. In addition to the above shortcomings, the P2P network is still a relatively fragile network: in the P2P network, the server is no longer the center of the network, but it is still coordinated with the work of the entire network. The paralysis of the server will lead to paralysis of the entire network. It is not difficult to imagine that a P2P network with many users will become a hacker's attack target, which will greatly threaten the security of the P2P network. However, P2P is not congenital calcium deficiency. As a new technology just showed, P2P also needs a development process. We have reason to believe that P2P will be strong and ultimately mature through the nutritional supplements of the next day. Four. P2P operators in action, although P2P is still a new thing, although everyone lacks profitable confidence in P2P, although many people are worried about the rear of various business models such as B2C, C2C. However, many companies have begun to embark on the path of P2P. Intel has always been a fanatic advocating man of P2P technology. Over the past decade, Intel's chip developers fully utilize 10,000 PCs that were distributed across the workstation around the world, thereby eliminating the cost of purchasing high-end computers. The company claims that using P2P computing technology to save the company more than $ 500 million. Intel has formed a new working group in a new work group in order to construct a P2P system for business environments with a more powerful strength. There are IBMs, HP and other companies in the members of Intel's P2P Working Group. The two companies jointly launched an open storage technology in September 2000, which utilizes P2P technology to easily copy data from the user's hard drive. HP also placed P2P's foothold on print technology, which newly launched network printing technology allows users to share printers through P2P networks. On the other hand, those IT giants who have not added Intel's P2P camp have also started P2P attempts. US telegraph telephone company has developed a network printing system called Publius that allows anonymous users to save encrypted documents on the P2P network. Microsoft also dares backward, in the next version of Windows, Microsoft will connect multiple computers to each other in the P2P manner through the Home Network Wizard. Compared with these IT giants, some young companies that have not seen them seem to be more compelling. They have the latest ideas in their minds. All day of rushing between venture capitalists and customers, they explore the P2P's profit with their own intelligence, and interpret the true meaning of P2P with courage and courage. "Eight Immortals Cross Sea, Various God", facing P2P, each company's approach is not the same. Below, we may wish to turn your eyes to several typical P2P companies, seeing a lotus, seeing the full legacy, a comprehensive understanding of P2P will be helpful. · Flycode Flycode was founded in 2000 and has 35 employees. The company has developed a software that delivers video and image files. Unlike Napster, files can come from ordinary users or from commercial users. Business users can join an advertisement in the content or sell files directly. At the same time, the company intends to develop digital copyright management technology to protect intellectual property rights. The company's profit method is on the one hand to charge advertising and sponsors, on the other hand, collect business users' services and management costs. In July 2000, the company received 2.5 million seed funds. Its CEO Bill Bales is one of the founders of Napster and is one of the earliest investors of Napster. Because founders are rich and close to investors, Flycode can immediately start file sharing services and are expected to achieve better results. · Infreasearch Infreaserch was founded in 2000, there are currently 15 employees.
The company has developed a software that can search and transfer files in P2P network through this software. The software has two versions - the public version and the enterprise version. The popular version can use the Internet, while the Enterprise Edition is mainly used for internal networks and outer networks of enterprises or many cooperative enterprises. The Infreasearch website searches for content and products on the P2P network and establishes a dynamic directory for users. The company's profit method is to charge the user according to the traffic or monthly service fee. In June 2000, the company received approximately $ 5 million in risk investment. The company combines the concept of P2P dynamic update and traditional search engine technology, it is a good idea. However, it is possible to establish a reliable and profitable business model technology. · Interbind Interbind was established in 2000 and has 10 employees. The company combines P2P technology and B2B business model to develop P2P networks and distributed computing software for B2B Business Corporation. The company's software allows B2B users to share file sharing and cooperate on the P2P network. The company intends to profit from software registration, as well as document backup, file management. In March 2000, the company received $ 1 million seed funds. Interbind has depicted viable P2P business prospects to make people look. · Kalepa NetWorks Kalepa NetWorks was established in 1999 and has 7 employees. The company has developed software that establishes P2P networks and distribution computing software, which can help other companies build P2P networks. The company has previously provided users with a certain Internet search service. The company's profit plan is to charge the software registration fee for users in the early stage, and later collect users' transaction management fees. In April 2000, the company received the first round of $ 1 million risk investment, and hoped to receive $ 5 million in second round investment at the end of 2000. The company's current development strategy is still unclear. It turns in time to the P2P field. I don't know if I am a wise movement or stupid. · Lightshare Lightshare was established in 1999 and is currently 17 employees. The company's goal is to carry out e-commerce on the P2P network. Users can purchase or sell goods on the P2P network. Users can search for the list of goods for sale or list the list of goods they wish to sell. The items for sale are kept in the administrator's computer, but the central server saves the information for this product for other users. The initial product only includes digital files, but it can be other products in the future. The company intends to control pirated behavior through the management of the transaction, but also to ensure that users' ownership of the goods will be sold by registered. The company received $ 1.6 million in seed funds in July 1999. Compared with other P2P companies, the company has more links with traditional e-commerce. At present, the company's success or failure depends on whether it can attract and retain customers, this is something that is easy to do. · NAPSTER NAPSTER was established in 1999, there are currently 45 employees. The company has developed software that allows users to search and share MP3 files. In December 1999, the US Record Association sued Napster infringement, July, the federal court decided Napster to stop this service, but two days later, the federal judge agreed to suspend the execution of the judgment. The company hopes to profit through the transaction with the record company, and hope to be profit from the sale of CDs. Although it is "Big Brother" in P2P, it has more than 30 million users, but the company has not yet profit. The company received $ 2 million in seed funds in February 1999. In May 2000, the company has received a first round of investment of $ 15 million. The company brought P2P into the network of the network, but the lawsuit of difficult to understand will eventually determine the company's destiny. NEXTPAGE NEXTPAGE was established in 1999 and is currently 160 employees.
