Zhou Zhi Nong: Zhongguancun Phenomenon
Wen / Zhou Zhi Nong (Natural Code Inventive) 1. What did Zhongguancun bring to China's software industry? 1. The origin of Zhongguancun I agree that Zhongguancun of many people is not only the view of Zhongguancun. Zhongguancun is actually a window in China's new technology industry. New technologies are not all high-tech, but new technologies are high-tech start and future. Zhongguancun is famous by selling computers. With the large number of computers, computer peripherals and supporting products have developed accordingly, software is the first fitting of the computer, and there is no software computer that cannot be used. Zhongguancun is China's largest computer trading, so the software will inevitably talk from Zhongguancun. I do Chinese input method and Chinese character system software started in 1986, but after my product entered Zhongguancun, I realized what users' needs, what is market demand, what is the value of technology. My first product is "Meccdos" Chinese system, which is equivalent to CCDOS, and I have received second prize in the Beijing Chinese Character System. Zeng Zengyi and 2.13A are named. "Meccdos" is a failure product, which is very simple. This product has been developed to do it at the time of selling its own 8088 computer. It is not facing all 8088 computers. It didn't get Zhongguancun to sell. At the beginning of the study, everyone was taken, and the software was either the task of the unit, or the interest is. The software is copied, and the software that can be copied is a very embarrassing thing, there is always a feeling of extortion. The first version of "Natural Code" was completed in 1988. It is difficult to buy out when starting, and you can't make money. Until the "Natural Code" was used to be "private", they were forced to leave the original unit, and the concept of Zhongguancun was changed. Everything in Zhongguancun is the exchange of money and things, no money no one is not white. A useful software gets Zhongguancun can naturally sell a good price, but it is not allowed elsewhere. Zhongguancun as China's first new product is distributed, many users come, they are only purchased in this small area, because there is not so much taxi, traffic is not convenient, very few people will buy first The computer, then go to other software and other accessories, the general trip is only a few days, absolutely innocent. The most first bid of Zhongguancun is a small company near the big bus. Big company only sells computers, not sell pirated software, and users can buy foreign relatively expensive genuine software, but they must use software. So these small companies selling accessories near big companies and various pirated software. Just like the small shop next to the big shopping mall, it will definitely be the same as the big shopping mall. 2, Zhongguancun's software, computer software is abroad, there are few Chinese software, and the genuine Chinese software is basically no in addition to CCDOS and input method. Because most of the software is pirated, genuine software is from abroad, and the price is expensive. Therefore, if there is no piracy of the truly selling software, the credibility of the software agent is also very low, often your agent is ultimately your biggest piracy. So, if you don't come here to sell your own software, then your software will become the piracy here, your genuine software is naturally sold. 3, Zhongguancun's software company is in the case, because it is a unit that buying things at that time, you must formal invoice. The best way is to find a unit, and do it to set up an independent department below to pay for the method of making it. I stepped into Zhongguancun's first footpoint was in Beihang's ChinaSoft Company. At that time, there was a software center in Soft Company, mainly to undertake computer management projects, followed by some foreign piracy software, send a lot to except every day (inside Introduction and Software List), the use of mailing methods, "Natural Code" is a genuine in the software center.
The earliest computer software can only be written in assembly language, very few, most is based on foreign English version, using Debug for Chinese. Therefore, the Chinese version is the most popular Chinese "genuine" software at that time, and encryption is essential, otherwise it will be pirated everywhere. In Zhongguancun, there is often a user's name to find, it may be very simple but the "problem" in the market. People who have found money are rushing. They are all in a hurry, such as the driver of a weird brand printer, a Chinese environment of a particular device, a certain English software, or even give it off A encrypted software, etc. In fact, these weird printers or equipment are universally compatible with general printers and equipment, and decrypt is very simple. As long as they will debug, it will become slightly modified, and it is generally one hour. It is very easy to make money again, as long as your courage is big enough. In my country's "Wenzhou" phenomenon is a common phenomenon, in fact, Zhongguancun's software industry is similar, which is a common phenomenon in the early Chinese industries. Of course, the software industry in Zhongguancun has been very different from the initial stage. With the prosperity of the market, the collection of talents, new products, new technologies have long been in the past. Second, China Software Pirated Phenomenon 1, China's software industry is the Chinese software piracy that is beginning to piracy is inevitably, but this is definitely not inherent in the national ideological awareness of ideology, but more practical real problems. When IBM-PC computer has just entered China, China's software industry is blank, there is no good development tool, and there is no good debugging tool. Only system information is to use Debug Tracking game software and BIOS, at the time. It is very difficult, making and use the Chinese version of the software is the only way, unable to use software or program development tools have to use English, and the development company of these software has no people to ask for a small market in China. The pirated software is not subject to any restrictions. At the time, in addition to the Chinese character system, General Software is English version. At that time, the software did not make it complicated now. The new development of Chinese software is simple, and the Chinese software is "genuine" at the time. "Genuine" is actually "pirated". 2. Legal protection is unfavorable to cause pirated flooding in June 1991. After my country's announcement of computer software copyright protection regulations, the development of computer software provides favorable conditions, pirated phenomena has got a certain amount of curb, development and sales computer software Profit project. Between 1992 and 1994, my country's software companies had a long development, and companies in China and foreign companies have also made a variety of Chinese version software suitable for domestic. After 1994, with the popularity of the pirated disc, the software that can be seen in the market is compressed on a small small CD. For example, the most famous "Software Big Subsidic", Software Bank, Software Warehouse, "Software Classics", "Software Software" and other series of CDs, including "Passenger Software Big Subsidies" almost cover all software, continuously launching "latest version", also in China's computer newspaper masterpiece, extensively issue promotional goods And software list, with a large number of high prices, and then even "pirated" discs are very popular. Computer software has therefore gradually become a small profit or even loss from profit. In the relevant laws of computer software protection, our country cannot limit real piracy, and cannot limit end users to use pirated software. It is the law in the law of law and compensation and compensation. According to the current law, the plaintiff must be issued, complete the forensics, pre-payment of the litigation fee, lawyer's agent fees, and the fair fee, the case is accepted, and the court delivered to the defendant, the defendant responded within the 15th, and then it can officially enter In the trial stage, this will have a big problem. (1) To first look at the situation of pirates, for example, we have seen a street tourist, or a small black house sells pirated discs with "natural code".
But how do we get certificates? Even after the evidence and after the court filed the case, he received a good luck. We will have the accused of the notarization fee, the litigation fee and the litigation agent fees, so we will not find the defendant. Maybe we are lucky this time, find the real scene piracy, they are the background company for making and wholesale "pirated" software. But now all companies are limited liability companies, even if the boss has earned 1 million yuan, only 2 hundred yuan on his company's book, then what? Because the court does not have the right to seal their personal property, they can't freeze the property on their personal accounts, not to say compensation. (2) A further study of the pirated user, for example, we found a "natural code" pirated software on a computer in the office, how can we get evidence? Even if you find a proof, then people will not delete the "natural code" software in the 15th of the court to serve on the summons, and then tell the court: "Try it in the computer, it is purely for learning. Really used ". So can we win? Or find a familiar agent store to buy a set of "natural code" genuine and let the vendor advance in advance. Do we have to find that agent, does the agent provide a certificate of real purchase time? Even if all of these are confirmed, how much compensation can we get? Maybe even the zero head of the prosecution is not coming back, don't count the time and labor occupied by this litigation. 3, "Law is not responsible" is the real problem of pirated flooding China's piracy is formed in the initial stage of computer development, because everyone uses piracy, and everyone has used pirated people, use one or less use one Piracy software is not very different. Moreover, software developers must not be held via any effective law or other methods, even if the software developers have to pursue, now there are so many people with piracy, always pursue themselves, so "I don't pirate white "" 4, the popularity of the murderous virus software to see pirated phenomena anti-virus software and pirated phenomena have not directly related, anti-virus software is also software, and also have pirated issues, how is it only anti-virus software? To explain this problem, we can give an example. Someone is not extremely healthy, always not not clean, so it is often sick, but he is very afraid of death, so I will see the doctor after the disease, the doctor has true, but this people never Find a fake doctor in order to make a picture. Therefore, the software that can be updated quickly upgraded new virus after purchase is particularly popular. Because of the cheap or inferior killivirus software, it does not guarantee the latest virus, it is no wonder that a one-best-selling KV300 anti-virus software is announced in the newspaper. "The new virus is found in China, which is characterized by ...". And usually people's work software is basically stable, such as our "Natural Code" software, some users now use "Natural Code 5.6" before 6 years ago, many users use 2 years ago "Nature" in pirated CDs Code 6.0A trial version. Although these earlier versions on pirated plates are not genuine, the function is not full, but as long as it is enough, it is not necessary to play with the upgrade. 5, Zhongguancun's pirated phenomenon Zhongguancun in China, is China's largest computer soft and hardware distribution ground. Here, the piracy is so serious, and other regions don't have to be said. China is becoming the first big country in software piracy, should not exaggerate. "Software without pirated discs is not a good software" has become "truth." Third, the difficulties encountered in domestic software companies 1. Why do software piracy can make money, but the developer can't survive? Piracy operates with such a low price, how can you make money? Software developers sell so high, but do not make money, this reason is that many users don't understand.
Is it that the developer drops the price of genuine software to piracy prices, the piracy will not have a market, and can the genuine make money like piracy? This idea has made many of our users, and some users have published a lot of articles for this, and even directly write letters and call tell us to try it. In fact, it is not possible to compete with pirated "Even if we will reduce the price to 15 yuan even if the price is reduced to 15 yuan. Because we have pre-developed investment, and piracy did not; we have publicity fees, and piracy did not; there were only "natural codes" in our software, and "Nature Code" in piracy is one of them, they have all software. We are only "natural code" users, and piracy facing all users, so we can never compete with pirated. 2. Domestic excellent software is not because some people who are popular with piracy have not pirated the popularity of computer applications. In fact, the piracy not only does not improve the popularity of the computer, but slowly slow down. Because the software project is not profitable, there are fewer people who do software, and no one is willing to invest in software projects for a long time, good software can not see, so the penetration rate should be reduced. So why do someone speak excellent software because of piracy? The answer is actually very simple, because the software is excellent, it will be more pirated. We can assume that if a company has developed a new software, the function is very good, especially welcome, the price is also reasonable, what will it be? When the company is promoting in the market, the piracy appears in the initial sales, this new software is concentrated in a "classic" disc package, then users will buy only more pirated money to buy only this software "genuine" "? When the software company of peers compete has "absorbed" in some of their excellent features, this company has not changed the development of investment and promotion of development, and they also continue to improve and upgrade? After this, is this software or the best? Is the piracy really brought the benefits to their promotion? We all know that WPS software is the most pirated, and some people think that WPS is popular because of piracy. However, don't lose 2.13 Chinese character systems, lost countless once glory, and once as "excellent software" that has disappeared in the eyes of Yunyun. WPS can stick to it, because WPS Hanka is because Hong Kong Jinshan Company is working with Peking University, and if there is no such WPS, it is absolutely difficult to stick to the present. 3, the piracy caused the short-term behavioral piracy in the Chinese software industry, market sales must grab the pirated release. Short-term behavior causes the contradiction between management personnel and developers, which cannot be solved. The development of a software is hard, but after the development, we must have been tested and gradually improved, and software products cannot be updated and eliminated like hardware products. Now most of the company's business managers are not software development, some are even outside the door. These people don't know how to develop, modify, improve and upgrade software. They are involved in software development is often due to lack of financial projects, or software development projects themselves are designed for hardware items. So they have no confidence in the long-term development of the software, eager to recover funds, and use software revenue as funds to accumulate, turn to hardware investment, because hardware projects are relatively stable, and the risk is relatively small. Therefore, it is generally insufficient in the development of software products, most of them. 4. Software developers' bangs and talents' loss software developers and business managers' departments and capital accumulation are different, and management management personnel established personnel relationships, market experience, management capabilities, etc. are not restricted. These relationships and capabilities can be taken away from the original unit to anywhere, and software developers are different.
Software developers' capital is knowledge, knowledge is to accumulate, and can be further found in the original basis. Knowledge is invisible, and knowledge is only produced as a product. Knowledge may be formed before entering the unit, transforming into a work is during the unit, and once the work is generated, if it belongs to position outcomes, or in accordance with the protocol, ownership is owned. After the software personnel left the original unit, according to the copyright law of my country, it was not allowed to be used by the original unit within two years. If the software developer is not used by the original work, it is difficult to develop based on the original work. Many people know that intellectuals are very selfish, which has great differences in the same qualifications. In fact, the reason is very simple, the more business managers communicate with others, the more things do, the stronger the ability. Software developers are different, the more people exchanged with others, the more things do, the less things belong to your own. Software does not have a product during the development, no one can know how the effect will, how much value is there, software developers have not known, even if software developers are able to predict, management managers will not agree. To this end, software developers will not be too arrogant before the product is mature, but operators can display their social relationships and various capabilities at any time. When the software is developed to a certain extent, when the product value is gradually seen, the proud of the software developers will gradually increase. When the product is completed, the value of software developers has nothing, because the ownership of this product has been left from his brain, becoming the results of the unit. If the software developer wants to increase the treatment with this, the management person must not see this self-conscious "odor", so there are only two roads in front of the software developer, either to swallow the public, or Leave another outway. Of course, some software developers have accumulated knowledge when they work in units, but they do not transfer knowledge to the product. When the knowledge accumulates to a certain degree, they leave the original unit after a certain degree, and take all the knowledge, another high Yes. It can therefore be seen that there are many problems and vulnerabilities in the protection of intellectual property rights, not only do not improve the status of "intellectuals", but it becomes the "hopping" of the technician. 5, value-added caused software enterprise operations unable to standardize the current application for registration, requiring it within three months. This is almost impossible for software development companies. After a software is in the company, you must completing a series of work such as recruitment, product project, product development, product testing and commercialization within three months. Nothing is not practical. In addition, a software in the initial development of the product is human investment, while the product sales, official software agents all require all VAT invoices, otherwise it is deducted from the agent price. Software development companies must assume all input taxes of VAT, which is very unfair. At present, my country's company law, tax law, etc. have almost no consideration of independent knowledge companies (including software development enterprises). To this end, software companies have to avoid taxation, improve product prices, and reduce their deafness. If the company is not profitable in the operation, it is not possible to apply for loans and further support, so it will always be long. 6. Foreign software companies' unfair competition for Chinese software companies Our Chinese software companies face the competition of foreign multinational companies, this competition is unfair, cruel. Foreign companies have the vast number of users overseas, with solid technical forces, they look at China's long-term market, they can have long-term and even long-term liabilities.
And China software companies are completely different. We don't have overseas market support, no investment, no technical accumulation, if you don't profit, the company can only close or stroke, if you are a long battle, our company must be a lost home. And our excellent software talents will eventually become a foreign company's software development employees, one of which may be a domestic company mainly based on hardware. my country adopts tariff protection policies in some important industries, then it can be limited to foreign software products. For example, the software that is not foreign is dumped with a price lower than the cost to achieve the purpose of squeezing others. 7. Software development is only based on product bundle is the hardware manufacturer represented by Lenovo, Great Wall, and Zhanda Group. In order to better sell computer generally, this is a case, which gives some opportunities for software development enterprises, namely Some benefits can be obtained from it by bundling or authorization. At present, because of pirated phenomena, the computer can be obtained from other channels even without bundling of these software, so bundle or authorization does not get more return. Usually the software of retail hundreds of dollars, the authorization fee is probably only under (1 yuan / set). Hardware big companies revolve around their own computer, to improve brand effects, such as Lenovo and Great Wall have their supporting applications and teaching software. Although these softwares have claimed to be used for other computers, it is actually the software of other companies in order to use other companies, so this software is not too big. 8. Software development enterprises are also not an outgoing software development enterprise in the case of long-term debt operations, if it is not possible to go to the liability, only the roads that are collected or merged can only be selected. Famous software development companies have merged by large hardware vendors in China. If a large hardware manufacturer can choose a software brand and technology, you can indeed choose a merger, then add a brand effect for your company and hardware products, but this kind of software is limited, once a large software development company is on the verge of desperation, it can be merged It can only be a few. Fourth, the hope of China software 1, what should the law be protected? my country's current law has too much restrictions on enterprise technical talents, especially in the issue of post-job results, it seems to protect the technology and talents in the protection of enterprises, but because technicians are unable to get or protect their own technology. In fact, it can only cause more technical and talent loss. In fact, it is better to protect companies and individuals to protect their respective obligations and benefits according to voluntary agreements. If there is no agreement, it should be considered that both sides are not restricted. In this way, when the software developer does have additional contributions, it can be used as a capital and corporate consultation, so that it may be a good thing for companies and individuals. Software developers use current laws that cannot limit pirated sales behaviors, and they cannot limit pirated use behaviors. Enterprises cannot retrieve losses, which is disaster for software developers. my country's relevant departments should pay great attention to this, consider the actual situation in legislation, let software developers and users participate in legislation, and listen to grassroots opinions. my country's laws have different abroad, and the wrong cases have caused people to decrease in legal trust, low reputation of enterprises and personnel, slow technology circulation and market flow. In foreign countries, there is no regulation, and developed countries generally use cases. The case system seems to be unreasonable, and there is no regulation. In fact, first of all, they will use the large-spending group, and will not be around the judge's personal will; if the case is not a precedent, the case will affect the case, and if the case is incorrect, the case must overthrow the case . This avoids the case where a case is not changed due to misjudgment. In addition, developed countries must strictly manage in the company management, and rarely occur because of the cases that failure to escape funds, but it is difficult in my country. Most of the cases have won, but the money is larger.
Because my country's legal system has been established, it is impossible to change, but the first must solve the problem of enterprises only with limited liability. Now if a business is illegal to get a fund, even if it is a defendant, even if it is sentenced to pay, then the company's legal person can transfer the company all property and funds to other places before freezing and execution, thus escaping the responsibility. If the behavior of the illegal molecules cannot be sanctions, then the company can only protect themselves. If the large amount of shopping must only pick up the goods after realizing it; large borrowings are not allowed; buying items must be verified, then they can pay, so they must slow down the speed of goods, and even have a strong commodity that is difficult for some time factors. . 2, the company should develop a similar part of the whole people, Lenovo, and the East Alpine, the company is indeed my country's computer pillar-pillar, but to use the power of the whole people, it is not possible to do a few big companies. Do not give SME policy and support will make my country ultimately have these large companies, and these large companies will only develop hardware and software around their products, with the development of the national software industry. The main income of large enterprises is hardware, software is only attached, there is no corresponding position, and it can be seen from the price of authorization software. Talking to these big companies, a more expensive software can only get the license fee of each several cents, so that software development companies cannot complete entrepreneurship and follow-up development and support. This phenomenon continues, and my country's software will be less and less. The private software industry should be encouraged to establish an unlimited liability company, open loan conditions, attract talents from foreign companies back to technology. With market evaluation methods, annual evaluation of excellent software, the state gives policy loans to encourage new technologies, new products, new products, and promotion. If a small company, the initial development has developed a very good product. If you can get funding after the market, you will get timely returns in time, and there is enough funds to operate in the later period. I think Chinese software companies will have a lot of spring version. For example, there have been a grand prize of human aircraft crossing from the British Gilish Ocean, then some people will be willing to invest in, half is for hobbies, half because it can be recovered if it can be successful. If my country has also made a few such awards in different fields of computer software, it may be much better than putting these funds into certain public relations projects. 3. The inevitable road of China's software development enterprises, enterprises must have four pillars in the long-term stable development. First, the technology, the other is the market, the third is management, the fourth is finance. Four parts should be coordinated and restrict, otherwise it must split. Software companies, especially software development companies are even more. After graduating from college, I have passed the national scientific research unit, and the changes of collective units, individual partnerships, and private companies. From pure technology developers to technical management, from technical management, they return to technology development, from one place to year Beverage millions of benefits, from millions of days to one, have been folded. But I am different from others is that I have not lost confidence now, still re-walking the way I have never gone to the head. Cooperation is the basis of project development, anyone has advantages and disadvantages. Some people are born fast, but doing things are very rough; some people are very slow, but they are very delicate; some people are not slow, but they will never do anything. The personality is indeed different, the ability is also inconsistent, I believe that people's intellectual levels are not big, and some people can't stand out in all aspects, but some people are particularly highlighted in some ways, while others are weak. Some. Clear your strengths and find your own shortcomings, then find someone to make up for the shortcomings to make you success. However, understanding each other is the foundation of cooperation, otherwise it will be half a feet.
