"The Agriculture Theory" is the papers of my students, from May 1966, January 1967, April. At that time, at the California Changdi University, he had to teach the 12 lessons every week, and what personal photography exhibition in Changdi Art Museum, so it's really less than six months. In the fall of 66 years, I have heard that I don't know the sound, I don't know.
In September 1967, the University of Chicago came to see the library there, and he had a quarter of the paper. The Chicago University Press has been finished in 1969 when the book is finished.
This book has two features this book. One is a long time: 30 years after publication, the article in the book and the book is also quoted about twenty times each year; on the other hand, some scholars believe that the book is the "initiator" of the contract theory today. Second, as a "famous", this book's slow market may break the world record.
How can there be such a poor in the world? According to the 1969 Zhidian Publishing, the University Library has automatically bought 500 books; the author and his students, friends, etc. I bought approximately 300 this; after the 25 years, the Chords University Publishing House decided to pay the copyright to me. When there is still more than 20 "goods tail" for me. You can say this, truly sell in the market, less than 200 centuries!
Today, today's friends demanded, and Beijing's business printers spent 3 years, I have a penrit back, and I know some of the past. "
Days looking for 觅 觅
In 1959, I entered Los Angeles California University, 61 years of bachelor, 62 years of master, 63 years of spring and summer hand of the doctoral test. I don't know how this is like a broken bamboo. After the doctor, I encountered the copper wall of the iron wall: I can't find my satisfied paper theme.
I changed four themes in two years, and I finally gave up. Before defeating Mai City, or because the theoretical difficult problem can not solve (such as how the risk is measured), it is insufficient information (such as the various pricing of forestry), or the language is unreasonable (such as the macational render of Japan), or the subject Too huge (such as a rental control of Hong Kong). These strong attack themes, when I was discouraged. In today's review, these failures are good for me later. This not only makes me a quasi-expert on the four themes, but more importantly, I have a good job of collecting information.
In August 1965, the heart was cold, I gave up academics, and the depreciation was sitting in a garden in a garden. After six months, the rolled back, found some information about Taiwan agriculture in the library. The land reform there in 1949, divided the landlord and farmers, stipulated that the landlord could not exceed 37.5% of agricultural products. If an economic scholars are incredible, under the hard constraint of this government, agricultural output is rising. I doubt that it was the digital game of the Taiwan government, to promote the superiority of the Kuomintang. However, the results of multi-party surveys are the digital trusted numbers of production. How can production increase in government regulation?
The theory of three principles
I think, to explain this strange phenomenon, the first step is to make a subsidiary of rental fields that are not controlled, and the rent is a farmer. I didn't have a reference to the theoretical reading. Only two days this theory did it. I followed the percentage of divided into the percentage, and the theory logically produced actually rising. This conclusion is not easy to believe, but repeatedly checks each step of the theory, there is no way to find any mistakes.
At that time, the same office in Changdi University was Eldon Dvorak. I asked him to sit down and gradually explained my theoretical structure. He heard very hard, puts a lot of questions, I have answered. After a few hours, he suddenly said: Your theory will cause an earthquake! For me, the "creation" of this theory is sympathy, there is nothing new. I only take three basic principles to reason. First, I am A.a.alchian 1914, the disciple, and is familiar with the discipline of Cos (R.Coase 1910-), of course, the importance of property rights on the behavior. The land is the private property of the landlord, labor is the private property of farmers, so it is necessary to enter the private property. Second, 佃 佃 is divided into a contract, like any contract, which is agreed by both parties. Third, there must be competition between farmers, and the landlord must also compete, so the conditions in the agricultural contract (this include a percentage), which is determined by the two limitations of private production and competition. I was very persistent on these three theoretical foundations, and any differences in detriments did not consider. Therefore, under the system of agriculture, the investment of farmers and landlords, the size of farmers rental and how much farming labor, and the percentage of the landlord and farmers are determined by the above three theoretical foundations. On the other hand, these decided projects are the conditions for the agricultural contract.
With the above-mentioned farmers theory, I can easily know that the landlord's division of revenue and fixed rent, hire farmers, self-cultivating, and other different forms of revenue. This is because the limitations of competition are roughly the same.
However, since the use of resources is roughly the same as the distribution of income, why do you have different contractual arrangements? This is a shallow and no question, and later triggered the study of contractual economic research today.
After the theory of farmers is satisfied, I will clear the problem in just a few minutes, just a few minutes. Because this constraint is below the market decision, farmers' income will be higher than they have a high income, so they must increase labor under competition, so that the landlord is a bit compensated in lower division rates due to increased production . In this way, agricultural volume has risen.
I repeatedly think about it, I can't find the wrong office, I wrote 11 sheets of paper, entitled "Sannong Theory - Corgal in Taiwan", sent to increase the outline of doctoral thesis. The first page predicts six conclusions within the outline.
Five hours of debate
At 5 o'clock in May, 1966, he increased the opening ceremony for my thesis, and about 40 people, more than ten people were professors. The professors did not read the outline that had already got it before, because they agreed that the six conclusions of the first page were all wrong.
When I heard the professors, I said that they were wrong, I thought: I am wrong with one or two, but I don't understand if you are talking about it. The people will start arguing, but I only pay attention to Herkera (J. Hirshleifer 1925-) and Alchian. They are the 20th century prices theory, and they can't understand my theory. Herdendor does not send, what is thinking, sometimes shook his head, and nod. Ah wood has no expression, holding my "outline".
The controversy is mainly for a little later, I know that it is always talking about the old man: the landlord will receive the farmers to fix the rent, and the remaining production remaining in the far household; but the farmers are divided into all the production of farmers to give the landlord How will its production intentions are weakened? Therefore, the production of farmers is less than fixed rents. I said that farmers should compete, say that the landlord has the right to choose, they listen to not listening, continue to quarrel.
After two hours, the first standing on me is H. Somers, very stronger. He said: "I didn't teach Shi Fen 's not to speak. I have taught him, knowing that he can't make it easy." Herkera said: "Don't take six conclusions on the first page, we want From the analysis of the second page. "The second page explains a quirky chart on the third page. The world has never appeared, it seems to be a bread to cut it. I explained: If a landlord has a large farm land, if the peasant will rent a small farmer to a family of four small farmers, the division rate of the landlord will be high, because small farmers are obtained by low division rate Income, it is enough to make him unless. The landlord has cut the earth and rented two households: his division rate will decline, but the total income will rise.
I followed the landlord to cut, coupled with the third household, the landlord's division rate and decline, and the total increasing increasing. I then cut again, Herkela, asked: "Do you want to deliver the place to countless farmers?" I replied: "No. The more farmers, the lower the blending rate of the landlord. The decline will have a higher total total income, but after a certain point, the total income of the landlord will drop. Only a farmer's number makes the landlord to get the highest total income, and if the other situation does not change, there is only one The percentage of divided is no conflict with the competition. "
It will be silent at the last time. After a long time, Herkela said: "I understand, I agree, but I still have other things that I don't understand." Go to the fourth page, they have noisy. At 10 o'clock in the evening (5 hours), Alchian looked at the watch, stand up, left. All other people go, the remaining only E. Thompson. He is a quicker, and he is the most intense in it. He continued to argue with me, but I am very unhappy, he said him, I miss me. At 11 o'clock in the evening, I went to an increase in neighboring dining room, I couldn't help but hang up the phone to Herkela, saying that I think that I can think of the paper out of the past three years, but so many people It is very disappointing. He responded: "How other people think I don't know, but I have never seen my own students have such a wonderful papers."
Alchian said Available pen
After a night, Alchian gave me a call, saying that my theory and the traditional are two things. He wants to discuss my 11-page outline in class, and how do you notify me? I am so happy, and the student at the old study class is mostly my classmates, and there are many good things. Every few days, I have a student to give me a call, saying that there is no misoperation in my outline.
After a month, Alder gave me a phone call, saying that I can do pen, ready to write for two years. I asked him that it is not enough for a year; he is not enough. After 8 months of the paper, I was a miracle. He can't know, or if I have a full-time teaching, what kind of photography exhibition, I have no problem in 3 months.
Theory is this, or if you can't think of it, it is a lack of machine. Three days can be a soldier. I am the difficulty at the time is not the body of the agronous theory, but how to verify this theory. Verify this matter, it will come alive. If the main meaning of theory is overthrown, the theory is wonderful and there is no need to make up. This is a strict requirement for me.
Adding reduction
I have collected a lot of production data about Taiwan agriculture, which is very detailed, how to deal with it, how to verify that I created the theory of agriculture, is not easy. At that time, the computer was beginning to prosper, generally written the papers, put the data in a large number of paper, one box, and then selected by the computer statistical analysis, and selected itself in the paper. But this is obviously self-deceived, and it is unpredictable with science. It is despised. I thought that myself had a bitterness in the economic prices in economics, and I have to know if I have a good use of my heart. I think that the economy is a science; science is not right, but it is not overthrown. Your own agricultural theory is logically found, so according to scientific methods, I have to try the theoretical overturns, if the overturns can't be overturned, the theory is a useful field.
In June 1966, I concentrated on overthrowing my own agricultural theory with agricultural materials reform in Taiwan. Two weeks, I wrote a plurality of hypothesis or meaning of this theory. I think, these meanings are clear, there is no advanced statistics, but the data spectrum computers, the time required is more than the use of people plus reduction, multiplied by removal - this is going to overthrow the theory The theme.
In the summer of 1966, I and a student assistant added a reduction from morning to evening, by removal, using the mechanical computer at the time, deafening. Thousands of numbers, calculated whether or not overturned the theory, they have to know after two or three months.
Eldon Dvorak, who was in Changdi University, knew that I pre-reported a number of inferences, including the landlord of Taiwan's land reform, how different kinds of agricultural products will change, how different land harvest will change, different county districts How different will be different. He is worried about me because he knows that this person is very confident in academic: it is right, wrong, know how to understand, don't understand, never left right away.
At the beginning of October 1966, there were many summaries of all data, no one was inferred 3 months ago. Chengbai chest, writing the paper is to raise his hand.
A teacher teaches me to write English
After some years, I know that all thinking has been outlined, the strength is sufficient and the big can be said, is the happiest moment of my life. This is better than a young woman who likes you like and willing to talk to himself, and there is no talk to it. But the academic is different from women: falling with academic love is a bitter love. It is also a few years later, I know that in terms of academic, I know that it is a bitter love, and then try it three.
In October 1966, I tried the first time. I can't think of it beforehand. Once it is officially written, the concentration of thought is difficult, staying up late, even the time you want to teach, it is often forgotten. At that time, Dvorak used to share the same office in the long embankment understood what happened, and I was safeguarded everywhere. Later (approximately 4 months later) I have to open a photography exhibition at the Changdi Art Museum. He got 500 yuan from the school from the school, and because of not enough money, personally made dozens of wooden frames for me.
The first draft of the first chapter of the paper is completed in November 66, and the interlaced is more than 40 pages, and it is sent to the increased Herkela hair and Alchian. After a week, I have been looking for them. When I saw it, I saw it, and I returned to me to the revised a little manuscript. Go to the A wear, he returned to my contribution to change his unrecognizable, with a pencil to write dense numbness, there is no complete correction. I saw it, almost cried.
Unhappy, leave the A wear, returning to the long embankment, if you are lost, after dinner, sit on the desk before reading the revision and questioning of the manuscript, the more you look, the more you look, the more you have, you have digest him. When a comment, a watch, it was overnight 11 am. In this way, I found two people overnight. I used to have a few years of hard work in the English text, know how to dance, but the comments of Aquality made me suddenly realize that the dance of the dance is a big taboo! The ambiguous word can not be used, and the term must be solved. Thinking is coherent, the text is simple, and it is necessary to write. Later, the first sentence when the papers was completed - "This study has two partials' - the kind of hand falls, opens the style of the mountain, reflects the teaching of the Ana. I hope that the people who have learned later, simple and straightforward Easy, it is difficult to say, but it is also useless.
