US publishing industry
In 1901, more than 8,000 US annual publishing books. Prior to the First World War, the US professional publication is mainly based on application science. University mainly talked engineering and technical courses, publishers mainly published books such as civil engineering, machinery, agriculture, railway engineering, namely publishers boarded the student. After 1918, some European scientists came to the United States, enabling publishers to start with scholars, but still paying attention to students. After 1933, due to Hitler's online, the persecuted large number of European scholars and experts fled to the United States. There are some publishers and booksmen in the United States, which established international scientific publishing companies, academic publishing companies, etc., founded new things such as scholarship editing, with books and academic journals. After 1945, due to the international language and the United States became a research center in the world of science and technology, the US professional book publishing industry was further intertwined. The rapid development of higher education in the 1950s has enabled American textbook publishing industry to develop steadily, and there are some large publishing companies based on publishing textbooks. In the 1960s, some publishing companies have begun to establish a subsidiary abroad and gradually form a multinational publishing group. In 1972, 3,053 books were published in the United States, including 26,868 new books, 11185 new books. In 1977, the annual turnover of American books and journals exceeded 10 billion US dollars. The current US has become the most developed country in the world.
There are more than 55,000 publishing houses in the United States, including more than 42,000 commercial book publishing agencies and software publishing houses, 5,000 schools publishing and publishing a publishing house, 3,000 small individual publishing houses. There are more than 150 large publishers of these publishing homes. The main large publishers have Simon and Schuster Publishing, Time Warner, Ha Bu, Jonoviqich, McGlau Hill, Times Mirror Publishing Company, International Tomson Group Publishing Company, Landon Bookstore, Shoot Chicken Road Burd Del Publishing Group, John Willi Father, Hordon Micrkin Publishing Company, Britain Encyclopedia. The main government publishing institutions include government printing bureament, national technical intelligence bureaus. Other major publishers include readers, Garland Publishing, Saint Martin Publishing, Scott Friesman Publishing Company, New American Library, Beckley Publishing Group, D · C · Hei Publishing Company, Ai Di Si Wesley Publishing Company, Plean Publishing Company, Chemical Collection Society, Electrical and Electronic Engineer Society, Greenwood Publishing Company. The main university publishing House has Harvard University Press, Chicago University Press, Princeton University Press, New York University Press, Columbia University Press. Simon and Schuster Publishing Company's parent company sent an annual turnover of $ 5.1 billion, with book turnover of 1194 million US dollars, ranking 2nd in the world. Among the 500 largest companies in the United States, you can see the name of Warna, Times Mirror, McGlau-Hill, Ha Bu, McGowovic, McMimelun Publishing Company. All kinds of professional books published in the United States have a high level.
Most Publishers are concentrated in New York, followed by Chicago, Boston, San Francisco, Los Angeles, and Philadelphia also have some publishing houses. In fact, there are more than 950 publishers in the book publishing activities, including 480 in New York, 87 Chicago, 49 Boston, 42 Los Angeles, 25 Philadelphia. The main publishing is English books.
The American book publishing industry, newspaper publishing industry, a book development industry, newspaper issuance industry and other industries have their own industry organizations, the most important part of the industry organization is the US Publisher Association (established in 1970), the American Books Association ( Founded in 1900), the Magazine Publisher Association (founded in 1919), the National Newspaper Publisher Association (established in 1940). Other industry organizations include the National University Bookstore Association, the American University Press Association, the American Ancient Book Commission, Children's Books Committee.
The book issuance of the United States is divided into direct sales and indirect sales. Direct sales is the publishing house with the issuance department, directly to the bookstore, Book Club, Library, School, Enterprise Wholesale Book, or to the individual readers. Indirect sales are publishers through wholesale stores, distribution stores, agency and distribution stores, and wholesale to bookstores. Wholesale stores and distribution stores usually play a "national representative" role in publishing agencies, and the agency shop plays a "region representative" in the publishing house. All publishers have developed their own issuance policies. Wholesale discounts for general books are 30% to 50%. It is 25% to 35% for high-cost technology books and library hardback. The university textbook is not higher than 20%. The primary and secondary school textbooks are not higher than 25%. The US book issuance adopts the consignment system, in order to ensure the benefits, the publishing house, the return condition is limited. There are more than 1,280 books and magazines in the United States, more than 1,200 book issuance stores. The largest book wholesale shop is Baker and Taylor, England Book Company. The largest journal Agency is an Ebso Journal Service Company. There are more than 17,200 bookstores in the country, including more than 130 large bookstores. The country's largest joint venture bookstore is the Walden Branch (a total of more than 1,000 branches), Barnes Nobull and B Dolton Bookstore (there are more than 600 branches). The turnover of these two jointbook sales books accounts for 50% of the total number of book retail sales of the US national books. For paper books and children's books, more than 900 local newspapers and magazines in the United States are issued to more than 200,000 books, grocery stores and shopping centers. The country's largest book club has a monthly book club, a literary club, and a Doppled Book Club. There are more than 140 book clubs in the country. The book club sells books to members and gives 12% to 40% discount. Book club or self-edition to the membership recommendation book, or from the publishing agency from the publishing agency from the publishing agency. The US government usually does not interfere with the publishing activities of the publishing house, and all publishers independently formulate their own publishing programs and issuance policies. The US Department of Journalism is the news and cultural institutions of the federal government. The Ministry of Culture Center, Intelligent Education and Cultural Affairs is responsible for promoting the work of developing American publishing industry, providing projects that help to promote the export of American books. The Department is closely matched with the US Publisher Association to actively participate in the International Book Expo held in countries around the world. The federal government does not tax on the publishing industry, and the governors have levied 7% to 10% of business tax on commercial publishing houses to avoid business tax on non-profit publishing institutions. Duty free of import and export books and journals. It is not allowed to import the discretion of the US copyright interest, for example, a British book, if the US publishes have been published from the UK, this British book is not allowed to import. Buying books in the bookstore in the United States, readers need to pay business tax in different regions. In this way, although books and journals have unified price, they have different points in different locations to purchase the same book, and pay the price of the same book.
There are more than 230 book prizes in the United States, with the main book awards with Palmezance Award, National Book Award, National Book Reviewer Association, John Newbury Award, Lundirf Kardad Cot, American Book Award, Bangkro Unwarral Award, Children's Science Book Award, Oster Hemingwei Foundation Award, Morton Double Woods, Zabel Award.
The main book fair organized by the United States has an annual meeting of American Books Association and Trade Exhibition, the American Library Association Annual Meeting. In addition, regional book exhibitions are regularly held in New York and other cities. US issued copyright law in 1909. Join the World Copyright Convention in 1955. In 1968, the United States began adopting the International Standard Book No. 0, 1, 9. The main national book catalogs are: "in the version", "National Joint Directory".
Since the 1990s, more than 56,000 have been published in the US annual publishing books and $ 12.9 billion; there are more than 11,500 annual publishing journals, with a turnover of more than $ 12 billion. The United States mainly exports to Canada, the United Kingdom, Australia, Japan, Singapore export books, and journals, mainly from the UK, Netherlands, Japan, Germany import books, journals.
