UNIX development and multisunities
Unix has been a decades of history. During this period, its change even without hundreds of millions, there are thousands of individuals and companies to achieve thousands of different versions, there are hundreds of different versions. The million system administrators have installed it from a miniature embedded system to the supercomputer. Uncontroduced, no two actual UNIX operating systems are identical.
"The word is a trademark belonging to Open Group. The organization is a requirement to get the correct assignment of the international association. In the decades, the logo has been diluted without a specific meaning. Though, the Open Group is still released. "The Single Unix Specification", which can be seen on http://www.unix-systems.org/online.html.
"Unix" is a double language, which means the name Multics, which was originally written "Unics", indicating Uniplexed Information and Computing System. "UNIX" and "UNIX" are now widely used. For a while, Dennis Ritchie tried to announce the use of lowercase version because "UNIX" is not the beginning of the letter.
Many people who run Linux, which are a UNIX system, think they are running UNIX. Formal Unix systems and informal UNIX systems are often considered to belong to a category --- Whether it is in the book, media, online or socially recognized.
According to UNIX FAQ, UNIX is "an operating system written in C language, which has a hierarchical file system and integrates files and devices I / O, and its system call interface includes services, user interface Includes CC, TROFF, GREP, AWK and other tools and a selected shell. You can add some, Unix provides a consistent manner for multitasking, and built-in operation of creating, synchronizing, and terminating processes, which can be transplanted between different types of computers.
Unix brief history
In 1969, Ken Thompson, Dennis Ritchie and other people started a "Little-Used PDP-7 in A Corner" in the AT & T Bell laboratory, which later became Unix. In 10 years, UNIX has experienced several versions in the development of AT & T. V4 (1974) is rewritten with C language, which has become a milestone in the system operating system. V6 (1975) is used outside the Bell Laboratory to become the foundation of the first UNIX version developed by the University of California.
Bell Lab continued to work on UNIX to the 1980s, with the 1983 SYSTEM V ("Five", not a letter) version and 1989 SYSTEM V, Release 4 (abbreviated as SVR4) version. At the same time, the University of California has changed the source code released by AT & T release, which has triggered a lot of major topics. Berkeley Standard Distribution (BSD) has become the second primary "UNIX" version. The 1984 BSD 4.2 was widely used in university and company computing departments, and some of its features were absorbed into SVR4.
Since the 1990s, AT & T source code licenses have created the prosperity of the market, and different developers have developed hundreds of UNIX versions. AT & T sold the UNIX industry to Novell in 1993, and Novell sold it to Santa Cruz Operation for two years. At the same time, UNIX trademarks were transferred to the X / Open Association, and the X / Open Association later became Open Group.
When UNIX's operation passes from an entity to another, several long-term development begins to harvest fruit. Traditionally, to get a running BSD system, the user needs to get the source code license from AT & T. But by the early 1990s, Berkeley's developers did a lot of work in BSD, which was changed by most of the original AT & T source code. Subsequent programmers, from William and Lynne Jolitz to develop BSDs in the network distribution environment, which later became 386BSD version 0.1 in 1992. This initial "free source code" BSD has three branches, namely: NET BSD, Free BSD, and Open BSD, all based on BSD 4.4. In 1984, programmers Richard Stallman began to develop free GNU (GNU NOT UNIX) from UNIX. By the 1990s, the GNU project has several programming milestones, including the release of the GNU C library and Bourne Again Shell (Bash). The entire system is basically completed in addition to a key factor.
Next is a student in the University of Helsinki, Finnish, Linus Torvalds. Linus saw a small UNIX system called Minix, I feel that I can do better. In the fall of 1991, he issued a source code called "Linux" free software kernel - a combination of his last name and Minux. By 1994, Linus and a kernel development team issued a Linux version 1.0. Linus and friends have a free kernel, Stallman and friends have a free part of a free UNIX clone system. It is called "Linux", which is called "Linux", although Stallman is more willing to name "GNU / Linux System" [6]. There are several different categories of GNU / Linux: Some can be used by the company to support commercial use, such as Red Hat, Caldera Systems and S.U.E; others, such as Debian GNU / Linux, closer to the initial free software concept.
Linux has now developed to the kernel version 2.2. Linux can run on a few different architectural chips and have been accepted or supported by each community. Its supporters have HP, Silicon Valley images and Sun, etc. have longer historical UNIX suppliers, as well as PC suppliers such as Kangbia and Dell and other main software suppliers such as Oracle and IBM. Perhaps the most ironic is that Microsoft recognizes the competitive threat of freely free software, but it doesn't want or not public code of your software.
Later Microsoft began to launch Windows NT (Windows 2000). By the end of the 1990s, many suppliers have begun to give up the UNIX server platform and turn to Windows NT. For example, Silicon Graphics has decided to use Intel hardware and NT as a future graphics platform.
A variety of different versions of UNIX
The table below summarizes some commonly used UNIX versions. About 40 different versions are listed in the table, but the UNIX world is not as diverse as in the past. There are some no use, list it is just because of historical reasons. Others are dying. In some cases, the supplier is invested in Microsoft Camps, and the rest of the consolidation and development leads to unity of different UNIX products.
UNIX version
Company / Organization
More information
A / UX
Apple
No longer exists
AIX
IBM company
http://www.rs6000.ibm.com/software/
AT & T System V
AT & T Company
No longer exists
BS2000 / OSD-BC
Siemens AG
http://www.siemens.com/servers/bs2osd/
BSD / OS
Berkeley Software Design Company
http://www.bsdi.com
CLIX
Intergraph
http://www.intergraph.com
Debian GNU / HURD
Public Interest Company Http://www.gnu.org/software/hurd/debiangnu- hurd.html
Debian gnu / linux
Public Interest Company Software
http://www.debian.org
DG / UX
Data Peneral
http://www.dg.com/products/html/dg_ux.html
Digital UNIX
Kangbo Company
http://www.unix.digital.com/
Dynix / PTX
Sequent Computer Company
http://www.sequent.com/products/software/operatingsys/dynix.html
ESIX UNIX
ESIX SYSTEMS
http://www.esix.com/
FreeBSD
Free BSD Group
http://www.freebsd.org
GNU Herd
Gnu
http://www.gnu.org
Hal SPARC64 / OS
HAL computer company
http://www.hal.com
HP-UX
Hewlett-Packard
http://www.hp.com/unixwork/hpux/
Irix
Silicon Valley Image Company
Ttp://www.sgi.com/software/irix6.5/
Linux
Multiple
http://www.linux.org
Lynxos
Lynx Real-Time Systems
http://www.lynx.com/products/lynxos.html
Machten
Tenon intersystems
http://www.tenon.com/products/machten/
Mac OS X Server
Apple
http://www.apple.com/macosx/
Minix
no
http://www.cs.vu.nl/~ast/minix.html
Mklinux
Apple
http://www.mklinux.apple.com
NCR UNIX
NCR
http://www3.ncr.com
SVR4 MP-RAS
no
Product / Integrated / Software / P2.unix.html
NetBSD
NetBSD group
http://www.netbsd.org
Nextstep
Next computer company
Defunct, see http://www.apple.com/enterprise/
Nonstop-UX
Kangbo Company
http://www.tandem.com
OpenBSD
OpenBSD group
http://www.openbsd.org
OpenLinux
Caldera Systems
http://www.calderasystems.com
Openstep
Apple
http://www.apple.com/enterprise/
Qnx RealTime OS
QNX Software
http://www.qnx.com/products/OS/qnxrtos.html
Red Hat Linux
Red Hat Software
http://www.redhat.com/
Reliant UNIX
Siemens AG
http://www.siemens.com/servers/rm/
Solaris
Sun company
http://www.sun.com/software/solaris/
SUNOS
Sun company
No longer exists
SUSE
S.U.S.E. Company
http://www.suse.com
Unicos
Silicon Valley Image Company
http://www.sgi.com/software/unicos/
UNIX Ware
SCO-The Santa Cruz Operation
http://www.sco.com/unix/uts
Amdahl
http://www.amdahl.com/UTS/
