ERP is produced and developed in the West. It is the product of the market economy is the product of market economy. In the 1990s, my country was still in the planned economic period, the market mechanism was not perfect, and the efficacy of ERP integrated enterprise resources could not be implemented in my country. Today, with the acceleration of my country's marketization process, Chinese companies began calling ERP applications. The information technology has developed rapidly, and the Internet has resolved the boundaries of time and space, causing global competition to evade, centralized management model will become a new management model of future group companies.
The inevitable choice of centralized management - the internet era
In the Internet era, the globalization of market competition, the Group companies have made it unable to compete with funds, technology, and market advantages of ordinary single enterprises due to their urban, cross-industries, and operational diversification. The regional scope of the group's procurement, sales, and collaboration has continued to expand, and all local districts have branches, partners all over the world in various countries. At the same time, the group companies have also triggered a lot of problems due to its huge and management of their scale, and they cannot achieve the size advantage of their group.
I. Polls faced by Internet Age Group
1. Power restriction, harmonization. Due to the increasing scale of group companies, the products are increasingly diversified, and the geographical distribution is increasing, making the Group's management of the intensive and depth, requires group management to implement specialized division of labor, decentralization management. However, due to the lack of effective management means, it is unable to ensure that the Group's effective monitoring of the subordinate institutions makes management specialization into management decentralization. The Group cannot do the prior planning, things control, afterward analysis, resulting in planting, strong supervision, increase the business risk of the group, and even cause the group's bankruptcy.
2. The resource is concentrated, and the optimization configuration is difficult. Due to the management complex, lack of effective coordination means, the group company is responsible, affecting internal cooperation, and the Group's overall resources are not effective, causing duplicate labor, low efficiency. In terms of the management of the Group, the dispersion of funds, low utilization efficiency, high funding costs, and private "small gold library" privately "small gold library"; marketing system cannot be integrated, causing sales channel disorders, goods cannot share channels The sales cost is huge and invalid; the purchase management cannot achieve the group purchase, the inventory cost is high; inventory management, the logistics is not smooth, the goods cannot be delivered to customers in time, the material can not supply production, out of stock and stock backlog Phenomenon coexist. These leads to the group unable to achieve its economies, the waste is serious, and the overall advantages of the group have not talked.
3. Information is shared in time, and feedback is difficult. The information that cannot be fully shared in time, and the group is "information island" forest. If the sales department does not keep in time to master the available inventory information, you cannot know the sales order processing in time, you can't know the product price changes in time; the warehousing department can not promptly grasp the market sales, available inventory, unable to determine reasonable safe stock; Headquarters can also promptly understand the production and operation of subordinate institutions, and cannot monitor the company's funding status and cannot form a scientific decision. The sharing of information, feedback is difficult, and the group cannot accommodate the market environment of today's rapid and change, global competition, and the group's survival and development will face great challenges.
Second, how to solve the problem facing group companies
The fundamental crux of the above-mentioned problem is that the group's large scale objective status requires management of division of labor, and the development of the Group's overall strategy requires internal resources to optimize integration, and both tend to have organic unity. How to solve the problem of group companies? I believe that only use centralized management ideas, focus on centralized monitoring, integrates all resources, implement distributed operations in tactics, doing both business risks, and achieve scale economic advantages, reaching the Group's strategic goals. So how do you effectively achieve group centralized monitoring? Is it a rule of law? Humanifier? Or ERP treatment? Rule of law? A large number of policies, regulations, and systems issued within the country and enterprises have achieved effective control of group enterprises. From the perspective of strengthening the financial information quality of the Group, the state specialize in accounting law, enterprise accounting standards, share limited accounting system, industry accounting system, accounting system supplementary provisions, etc. A series of regulations, such as financial staff, and so on. However, accounting information distortion is still serious, according to statistics, there are more than 80% of enterprises accounting information in the country, which has directly affected the scientific decisions of group companies.
Humanifier? It should be said that the state and enterprises have also undergone great efforts in this regard, such as implementing accounting appointment, national auditor system, etc., through external personnel intervention to achieve the purpose of strengthening monitoring. However, it also has high execution costs, and the staff is not familiar with business, and the monitoring unit has been corroded and bribery. At the same time, there is a major shortcomings in the rule of law, which is lacking an effective means of implementing the system, and the lack of fast feedback vectors provide strong support to the Group's centralized monitoring.
ERP treatment? Because ERP uses modern network communication technology, it can integrate the resources of the entire group to achieve integrated applications, establish a data system and information sharing mechanism for enterprise decision-making. Therefore, ERP treatment can realize the Group's centralized management, realize the Group's centralized monitoring, and realize the company's scale economy. Currently, more and more companies, especially large group companies, such as Lenovo, Haier, FAW Volkswagen, Changhong, Konka, Huawei, Little Swan, and the United States, etc. In recent years, it has implemented ERP in recent years, and has achieved gratifying results. If you need a group financial statement you can do for a month in the past, you can only be implemented in just two days. Annual Inspector of FAW Volkswagen may need to achieve 80,000 vehicles, and now use advanced management technology to re-measure the cost, and actively develop some of the profitable automotive products, and finally produce 35,000 units can realize the proportion. In 1997, the production sales exceeded 42,000, and the earnings were 200 million yuan.
Examples of these success descriptions, successful ERP systems must be built in accordance with centralized management ideas, especially for large group companies. Integrate the internal resources of the enterprise in all directions, greatly improve internal efficiency, and make faster, better responding to market changes. If the enterprise management information construction lacks a unified overall plan, although the subsystem can be partially operated, the information is not shared throughout the group management, forming various "information islands", and the value stream cannot achieve synchronous control of logistics and information flow. It is impossible to achieve scale economic advantages.
Practice has proved: the people, the rule of law, and the three of the ERP treatment are not isolated, but work together.
Centralized management and centralization, decentralization
The implementation of centralized management ideas must be a data system and information sharing mechanism with modern network communication technology to establish a perfect business decision-making. The Group Enterprise Constructing the ERP system should be based on centralized management model. It is positioned in the overall strategic perspective of the Group, rather than concentrating the automation of a single subordinate enterprise ERP system, not only emphasizing the division of labor, collaboration, and professionalism between the group's supply chain links. To emphasize the monitoring and integration of the Group's headquarters for the entire group resource. The awareness of centralized management ideas is mainly reflected in three aspects, namely, centralized monitoring, resource centralized configuration and centralized sharing of information.
The focus and decentralization are relative, there is no absolute centralism, and there is no absolute decentralization, only the degree of difference. The large-scale development of the group's scale requires management organization to determine the degree of focalism and decentralization, and the division of power should follow "The Calligraphy, Divideration Ordered, Authorized and Holds". Due to the fast delivery and feedback to the information, the centralized management ideological construction group ERP system has fully embodied this principle, so that the group management calls and decentralized organic coordination are unified. Pay attention to directionality, strategic issues, such as group investment decisions, asset portfolios, public services, personnel, etc. Pay attention to specificity, tactical issues, such as cost management, cost control, and operational fund management, and the Group only give macro guidance. This does not affect the status of the legal persons in the group's internal enterprises; it is also conducive to the group headquarters to concentrate, do a good job in market research, formulating macro planning, and mastering the development direction of the entire group. The resource management center established by the Group Headquarters firmly controls the assets of the group, centralized management of profits and funds. The decentralization of investment is not equal to weakening the Group's investment regulation. Although the subordinate unit has its own independent investment rights, every year, the business department must report investment plan in advance, and the Group's Planning Department is unified according to the annual investment plan. Implementation of centralized management in ERP
ERP system design idea is: First, it integrates customer needs and business activities within the enterprise, and the resources of suppliers, reflects the idea of fully adapted user needs, which makes the company to meet the market and customer demand rapid changes. Ability is enhanced. Second, it regards the process of enterprises as a supply chain that is closely connected in the whole society, including suppliers, manufacturing plants, distribution networks, and customers, etc .; at the same time, it will be distributed in the internal partnerships of the enterprises into several Mutual support subsystems such as finance, marketing, manufacturing, quality control, service maintenance, engineering technology, etc., also include monitoring management of competitors. The ERP system provides functions that can be effectively managed on all links on the supply chain, including orders, procurement, inventory, planning, manufacturing, quality control, transportation, distribution, service, and maintenance, financial management, personnel management, laboratory. Management, project management, formula management, etc. It is essential to make overall planning and use of all resources on the enterprise supply chain, value chain and information chain.
ERP is an enterprise management concept, business process, basic data, human material, computer hardware and software, which includes everything related to management. Since the presence form of the management organization is based on the functionality to be implemented, it is determined by the Group's strategic management idea. Therefore, the enterprise management organization should adapt to ERP, not the ERP adaptation management system, and if the original invert will inevitably lead to the application failure. If the Group's existing organizational model does not apply ERP, it is necessary to carry out business process restructuring (BPR), and build new group organization mode based on centralized management ideas.
