Riffin Howard as long as we observe the two important historical periods, it will find that history is indeed in the development of entropy. Let's take a look at Western Europe, the 4th century in the 19th century, this history is of great significance to modern world model and our hammer's lifestyle. Historians divide these 15 centuries into two parts: the medieval and industrial era. Renaissance is usually seen as a transition between two era. Popular textbooks usually take the great recovery of the transition from the medieval to modernity in human thoughts - it seems that the entire human beings have decided to stop their thoughts, and hibernate for a few hundred years. Although scholars are not fighting for new teachings, bourgeois and capitalism and the meaning of commercial channels opened in these major changes, they are rarely discussing the real reasons behind these changes. In fact, there is a major entropy between Western Europe in the 13th to 16th century. Wood, the energy foundation of this Middle Century life is increasingly shortage, and the growth of population has further exacerbated the lack of wood. People have begun to find out, and finally replaced wood with coal. From the transformation of wood-based energy environments to coal-based energy environment, the entire Western Europe's lifestyle is deeply changed. The energy environment from wood to coal is the main factor in the destruction of the medieval and industrial revolution. Today's European effective use of each space has left a deep impression on visitors. Everything seems to be a well-well strip according to the geometric shape and size, even if it is empty, it seems to be planned, as if the entire European mainland is placed, it is meticulous, millifier. It's hard to imagine the 4th century, this continent is just a wide jungle from the Alps to the Carpathian Mountains. A bird flew over a hundred miles over the forest, it is difficult to see an empty floor. Occasionally there are a few forests in the forest, and a small smoke will rise from there. There are several grass houses on the bonfire, dozens of people are busy back in the edge of the forest. The soil of Western Europe is very different from the soil in the Middle East semi-arid region. Western European climate is wet, the soil is sticky and sinking, and it is very difficult to cultivate. The characteristics of the environment have brought some basic changes to farming, and these changes have deeply affected the future development of European mainland. The old-fashioned plow of ancient Rome is not strong enough, cultivating European fertile but heavy soil. By the mid-6th century, Slavia farmers began to use a more robust new plow. This cross-type plow has a wheel and two blade blades. It is equipped with "a vertical blade for ditch, a horizontal plow, and a template used to land." This new type of plow is very powerful, so that the traditional cross-cultivation is lost. This new type of cross-type cultivation has changed the structure of the entire agricultural life. The cross-type plow is very heavy, and the 8-headed cattle can be brought to a group to drive. Since there is no farmers with so much cultivar, you must use the cattle set together. Equally important, it is not costly to use the newly plow. This grid is most suitable for use on large spaces. These two reasons make the collective cultivation into the basic model of most parts of the Nordic seal. By the 9th century, the cross-type plow has been introduced into many European continent. Because it is especially suitable for the fertile land of the cultivation of the valley, it has led to the destruction of large lowland forests, because the population grows to grow more and more forests have become a cultivated land. After the cross-type cultivated plow, two new technologies have emerged. Some soils in Nordic fertile regions, the growth of population is accelerating, which forces the harvest to grow accordingly. The three-cooked cycle system replaced the traditional two-cooked system. Two maturation let half a cultivated land is leisure to restore the soil's fertility, while the three-cooked cycle system only allows one-third of the land. The latter has several advantages. First, the productivity has increased by one third, and the total amount of cultivation is reduced by nine. Of course, this recent increase in harvest is only to speed up the consumption of soil fertility. Through the increase of land use rate, three-maturing accelerates the dissipation process of soil energy and the process of entropy. Sanshui also makes horses in place of cultivated cattle. The horse's working speed is twice that of the cattle, but it will also eat cereals in addition to the grass. The remaining oats that can be used to feed the horses that can be used for cultivated land are provided by the three-matured. However, prior to effectively use the Malay farmland, people must also complete three technological improvements.
By the 11th century, the modern Ma Ye has begun to use. The iron horseshoe has invented, and the method of one before one afterwards is also becoming more and more perfect. These three technologies make the horse team to drag more severe cross plows, thus making the speed of cultivation have greatly accelerated. Cross-type plows, three-cooked circulation system and horses have greatly improved the production capacity of existing land, and motivate people to develop a larger area of land. The surplus of agricultural products in the 9th to 13th century, led to a sharp increase in population. The growth of the population is in turn forces people to over-develop existing cultivated land and destroy more forests. The vicious cycle that has always occurred before the important boundary line of each entropy has begun. The further improvement of technology increases the amount of energy circulation and population, accelerating the process of entropy. By the middle of the 14th century, the boundary line of an entropy is finally arrived. The population growth exceeds the extent that the energy foundation can be affected. Soil erosion and timber shortage are seriously threatening to Western Europe and the people of the Nordic people. By the 12th century, some parts of Europe introduced a windmill (the water used is more common), which saved the land that was no longer used. But in this way, the forest is more reduced, and the population has grown more. Although the continuous development of forest land greatly reduces the storage of useful wood, it is really developed business activities with truly wood panic. Emerging glass and soap industries require a lot of grass ash, but the biggest demand for wood is the iron industry and shipbuilding industry. By the 16th and 17th centuries, the British timber crisis has been very serious, and the Royal Commission is established to manage the deforestation of the forest. The committee's regulations do not help. Compared with the end of the 15th century, the wood prices in the 17th century have risen two and a half years. People use to solve the timber crisis is coal. But it is not only a simple problem with another energy basis. Since all the cultures in Europe have been unified under a lifestyle based on wood energy, then this change will inevitably lead to a sharp change in the whole way. People's production, clothing, travel and other behaviors, and the government's ruling form, experience the change in the sky. This crisis is in the UK broke out in Henry II. The firewood in Newcastle City, someone lives freeze. So the king's moisture is used to use coal as energy. The Pope Pingeri recorded his scenario when he was visiting Scotland in the 15th century. He was surprised to find a ragged sloppy sloppy, "Accept the black stone of the church gantry, then the heart is full, and they burned these black stones to replace the lack of wood lack in their country." By 1700, coal began to replace wood into the British energy foundation. In less than 150, many countries in Western Europe have also used coal. Today, we look into a leap in coal, and is a huge victory of progressive forces. People at that time are not thinking so. Coal is contemptuous at the time and is inferior. Coal is very dirty, bringing a lot of pollution. In 1631 Edmont House sighed: "People can only take a coal to get fire, the family is no exception." Coal is more difficult to exploit, processed, so transform it to useful states to consume more energy . This can also be found in the role of thermodynamics second law. The effective energy in the world is constantly consumed, and the first energy consumed is always the easiest energy. The source of energy relying on the latter energy environment is more difficult to obtain coal more than the main energy source of the previous energy environment. Mining and processing is more difficult than felling than trees. And the mining and processing of oil are difficult. Split the atom to get nuclear energy. We consider the leap of historical processes in a reason to find a more effective way for a person. As everyone knows that these so-called effective methods are actually different from the energy environment that is more poor, harsh, more difficult, more difficult to use. Just as Wilkinson mentioned, each new method ultimately requires more work (or energy) - even if it is a non-human energy. The development of the steam machine is a good example. When the school teachers talked about the industrial revolution: One day, a young genius called James Watt was knocking on his garage or where he was invented, and the little thing he called is the steam machine. The whole world will soon know this invention, so I am very vigorous in a blink of an eye. No one has told us that the Greek Hilo, which was in the first 3rd century BC, has designed a steam engine.
