-------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------
We use the index system of two sets, five layers, 88 specific elements, based on the value system of urban competitiveness, preferably, and establish two sets, five layers, 88 specific elements, using 1997-1999 national standard statistics and experts, residential questionnaire data Using the main component, the fuzzy curve and other metrics, tens of thousands of mathematical calculations, resulting in the score and sorting results of China's 24 cities comprehensive and sub-competitiveness.
Since the choice of individual indicator elements is difficult to achieve optimization, it is difficult to avoid errors, etc., the conclusions of this report represent only a statement of academic research, with interest-based sectors and people. From 24 more competitive cities, the preferred 10 most competitive cities are: Shanghai, Shenzhen, Guangzhou, Beijing, Xiamen, Wuxi, Tianjin, Dalian, Hangzhou, Nanjing.
From the perspective of the region, China's urban competitiveness is from strong to weak, and is the Zhujiang River Basin, the Yangtze River Basin, the Minjiang River Basin, the Bohai Rim region, the central region, and the western region. In the sample city, the most attractive thing is a few medium cities in the southeast coast, such as Zhuhai, Dongguan, Wenzhou and other competitiveness on some big cities.
The strongest city of integrated competitiveness: Shanghai
The Shanghai geographic environment is superior and is the hub and platform, finance, trade, economic center, and comprehensive innovation center of China and the world's economic interaction.
Shanghai has great location, convenient financing, talent gathering, developed science and technology, advanced infrastructure. The government departments have high efficiency, behavioral norms, and creative and flexibility in implementing policies. In 24 cities, their capital, science and technology, location, order, management are the first; in terms of talent competitiveness, cultural competitiveness, gathering force, etc., the integrated competitiveness, national The crown.
There are still some factors to restrict Shanghai competitiveness rapidly: the reform task of state-owned enterprises is heavy, high-tech industrial development and industry structure is not fast enough, the public is compatible with psychological lack, advanced talent salary is low.
Open competitive city: Shenzhen
Shenzhen has many irreplaceable, non-fluid competitive advantages in achieving urban innovation and development of high-tech industries. Capital competitiveness ranks third in the country, more convenient in capital acquisition, is very convenient; the scientific and technological transformation capacity is particularly strong, and the high-tech industrial cluster is beginning to come; next to Hong Kong, economic zone is superior, the business concept of making money in the heat, active labor Attitude, strong competition awareness, uneasy current adventions, and open, tolerance, innovative atmosphere formed by new immigrants, make their culture most competitive. Shenzhen's foreign trade is much higher than other cities, open competitiveness, first; infrastructure planning and construction technology, competitiveness ranks first in the country, the management competitiveness is second only to Shanghai, ranking second. If Shenzhen can continue to maintain its competitive advantage in system, culture, foreign opening and industry groups, quickly establish a high-level education system, creative solutions, scientific and technological resources, and remote use, in China, Shenzhen It may become "Silicon Valley" in high-tech innovation industries.
The city's strongest competitive city: Guangzhou
Guangzhou's comprehensive capital stock, financial control, the whole country, capital competitiveness ranks fifth country in the country. The scientific and technological conversion is relatively strong, but also has large water and green stereo transportation networks. It is a deputy economic center and science and technology, education, transportation, information center in South China. Guangzhou's economic structure has obvious competitive advantage in the country: the proportion of the tertiary industry is the highest in the national big city, and is an important manufacturing production center in South China. In terms of cultural competitiveness: a long business history, cultivating a strong sense of business; the leading reform and opening up shaping the spirit of venturer and hard work. At the beginning of the open edge, the economic internationalization is ranked nationwide; in terms of management competitiveness: its government-run efficiency is relatively high in the national cities, government implementation policies are more creative and flexible; enterprise management competitiveness hits the country I. Industrial enterprise economic efficiency and enterprise overall management image performance. Guangzhou has a certain gap with other large and medium cities in the urban environment and social security status. Complete competitiveness to enhance the fastest city: Beijing
In recent years, Beijing's competitiveness is under the fastest speed of the country, the success of the Olympic Success and the Olympic Games will further accelerate its competitiveness. Beijing gathered the largest, the best knowledge and technical elites in the country, talented competitiveness ranked first in the country; capital strength, financial control is second only to Shanghai; scientific and technological strength ranks in the country, high-tech industry and industrial area rapid development. In structural competitiveness, the proportion of developed in the tertiary industry, technology-intensive practitioners are the highest in the country; with modern, informationized infrastructure, political area is the biggest advantage, as a national political center, attracting talents, resources at home and abroad And enterprises, the number of companies is rapid, and multinational companies come.
However, Beijing should become the center of technology innovation, but also improve the conditions of human residence, speed up the system innovation, improve management level, and attract foreign talents with specific measures, and actively cultivate a cultural environment that encourages personality development and creation.
Long-term average economic growth rate: Xiamen
Xiamen City's comprehensive competitiveness ranks fifth in the country, but long-term average economic growth rates are high in the country. As the climate, the landscape is beautiful, the environment is excellent, and environmental competitiveness is second only to Zhuhai. Xiamen institutional competitiveness ranks second in the country, its economy market, the proportion of non-state and joint-stock enterprises, and the degree of protection of personal rights is good. As one of the earliest coastal open cities in my country, the extent to which the internal openness is in the country, especially the proportion of foreign capital accounts for the proportion of urban capital. Xiamen people's commercial value trend is relatively strong, competitive consciousness is relatively strong, and labor attitude is relatively active.
Xiamen does not have advantages in terms of talent quality, scientific and technological industry development, and the location is special. Because of its nearby Taiwan Strait, its economy is deeply affected by cross-strait relations; its society, economic and market order needs to be further improved.
Best City, the city: Wuxi
Wuxi urban comprehensive competitiveness is relatively strong, labor productivity and high economic growth rate, reflecting its urban development potential. The capital competitiveness is relatively strong, especially the growth of capital is very fast; in terms of structural competitiveness, the proportion of non-agricultural industries is high, the textile industry has a good traditional basis, forming a better industrial group and industrial chain, with Strong industrial competitiveness. In strong order competitiveness, its economic security index and social stability index are very high; in terms of management competitiveness, government management efficiency and corporate management efficiency is better; at the same time have an open and participation in regional integration. Strong competitiveness. Wuxi talent competitiveness is not advantageous, but it is better in labor education. Technology competitiveness is relatively weak, but in terms of R & D investment, the number of patented products, high-tech industrial index, the inquiry; the infrastructure is not strong, but its technical infrastructure has a certain advantage.
The most potent city of technology and manufacturing: Tianjin
Tianjin has abundant human resources, large capital stocks, and the output of technology products have grown in the national city; adjacent to the Bohai, natural area, excellent infrastructure; the urban scale is large, the processing and manufacturing industry is good, the Binhai New Area has grown rapidly; The comprehensive condition is good, and the protected degree of personal rights is better. Tianjin has low investment costs and high profit returns. It is an important base of multinational corporation investment and industrial transfer. It is huge to develop processing and manufacturing and landing industries.
However, it is necessary to speed up the system innovation, expand the opening, actively promote and attach economic integration of the region; further transform the government functions, improve the efficiency of work; strive to create a cultural environment of innovation, risk, risk, and actively enterprising.
Management and city's highest reputation city: Dalian
Dalian talent competitiveness and technology competitiveness are more competitive: in the sort of 24 cities, scientific and technological personnel account for the proportion of practitioners, and the average labor average science and technology level is in a good position; the natural area is superior, the port is excellent, the economic hinterland is broad, natural And the artificial environment is very competitive: comfortable climate, fresh air, charming, urban areas also have outstanding urban buildings, broad bourseways, beautiful squares, parks, green spaces, elegant art streets, rare famous monuments. Structure competitiveness, its technical personnel accounted for the proportion of employees, high output value of units, reasonable population density, high industrial layout, high levels of competitiveness, strong open competitiveness, especially foreign cultural economy, especially urban cultural economy Exchange cooperation is wide, and the city has strong innovation; government image, leadership charm performance is very prominent. Beautiful environment, excellent urban management and export exchanges attract attention at home and abroad, Dalian has a high reputation at home and abroad.
The highest environmentally competitive city: Hangzhou
Hangzhou scientific and technological talents, developed education, and talent competitiveness home. The natural environment and artificial environment are competitive: climate comfortable, beautiful environment, beautiful scenery, many historical sites, and technology infrastructure is relatively developed. The scientific and transparency of government strategic planning, government overseas image, innovation activities, government leadership have better performance, reflecting its strong management competitiveness. In the social and economic order, the commercial cultural atmosphere, the system has a strong competitive performance, and Hangzhou is more suitable for high-tech talents, and Hangzhou has won the United Nations award.
In the state of capital, science and technology, location and other competitiveness and aggregate basics, it is necessary to improve urban competitiveness, and need to be comprehensive efforts, especially the pace of opening and opening up.
The strongest city of talent competitiveness: Nanjing
Nanjing urban comprehensive competitiveness is strong. At the same time, the most competitive in the Nairi Hong Kong Airlines, Nanjing Port is the largest port of the country, the country, who has stopped from 10,000 tons of freight wheels, and the new country port is the largest, the most complete foreign trade port area, the throughput of the inner river port. Bit.
Nanjing talent competitiveness is stronger: whether it is the number of labor, the overall quality of talents, and the cultivation of talents, it behaves very well; capital strength and financial control ability are stronger; strong scientific and technological strength, numerous scientific research institutes, and a lot of scientific and technological achievements The infrastructure competitiveness is strong; the industrial economy and technology are strong, the industrial unity is complete, and the structural competitiveness is strong. In terms of environmental competitiveness, there are many scenic spots, and the garden is better. The street is clean and hygienic. It is a famous tourist city; the economic and social order is good, the order is strong; but in the competitiveness of the system, culture, management, opening. It is still necessary to further improve.
The fastest city of manufacturing competitiveness: Dongguan
Compared with other cities, in addition to infrastructure, Dongguan does not dominate with hard competitiveness such as talents, capital, science and technology, environment, structure, and location, especially technology strength, comprehensive location, urban environment. However, there is a large amount of cheap land, low-cost labor, especially have the advantages of neighboring Hong Kong, seized major opportunities for Hong Kong, Taiwan processing and manufacturing industrial transfer, the manufacturing industry rises rapidly, and forms a strong industrial group, product market possession The rate, the increase value growth rate leads to the national city. However, the development of manufacturing is increasingly challenged and competition from Jiangsu, Zhejiang. Dongguan people have an advantage in their strength, work hardworking, daring risk, active progress, in terms of cultural, management, opening and other soft competitiveness. In the forefront of institutional innovation, property rights reform, economic marketization process, etc. The management competitiveness of urban and enterprises is better, and the extent to which urban participation is integrated, and foreign capital accounts for the proportion of urban capital capital.
The strongest city of environment and cultural competitiveness: Zhuhai
Zhuhai environment competitively ranks first in the country, is well known at home and abroad, and its natural environment quality, greening level, climate comfort, and scenic spot will be very high. However, other hard competitiveness is weak: education, population cultural quality needs to be improved, the scientific and technological talents are not enough; the stock of capital, financial control ability is relatively small; scientific and technological strength and scientific research achievements are weak; comprehensive location competitiveness, aggregation force, Structure competitiveness is a distance compared to some cities.
Zhuhai cultural competitiveness is strong, and the value of people's value, labor attitude and competitive consciousness are obvious, cultural competitiveness is an important component of its urban competitiveness. It also has strong open competitiveness, far more trade dependence than other cities; participation in regional integration and foreign capital accounted for the total capital of total capital, and the overall level of urban governments is also relatively high.
Create the most famous companies: Qingdao
Qingdao's labor quality is relatively high, especially gathered a number of famous entrepreneurs, these entrepreneurs have become an important promotion of the competitiveness of Qingdao; there are many famous brand companies and a batch in the field of information appliances, marine bioengineering and pharmaceuticals. Intellectual property, enterprise R & D investment is relatively reasonable; but the transformation of scientific and technological achievements is not fast enough, because high-tech talents are relatively lacking, and high-level talents have been restricted. As a port city, the natural location is obvious, the climate is comfortable, the environment is beautiful, the urban architecture is distinct, the environment is more competitive; economic security, the social security is in good condition, and the order is more competitive.
Qingdao's capital competitiveness is relatively weak, and the balance of financial institutions, the number of financial institutions at home and abroad, etc., and the comprehensive cost of capital has higher cost; the industrial structure is relatively lagging, and the entire industry is still based on traditional industries. High-tech industry has a lower proportion; there is not much advantage in soft competitiveness.
The strongest city of integrated location: Wuhan
Wuhan is the most integrated city of the central area.
The talent competitiveness is strong, the amount of human resources is large, the growth is growing; the capital competitiveness is strong, the strength, the advantages of financial control ability; the integrated location advantage is obvious, the Yangtze River waterway, Beijing-Guangzhou iron route and the four-way road network, make it Natural and transportation location is obvious; becoming the political center of the economic, financial, science and technology center and Hubei in the Central South of China; the urban agglocking power is strong, the economy is large, the comprehensive strength is strong, the total population is large, and the growth is fast.
Although Wuhan has a certain scientific and technological strength, the strength of the scientific and technological achievements is to be improved, order, culture, system, management, open and other soft competitiveness, etc., is not obvious.
The economically growing the fastest growing city: Fuzhou
Fuzhou comprehensive competitiveness is a weaker city of the southeast, but the economic growth rate has been quite high. The first is ranked first in the provincial capital city, indicating that its competitiveness has great potential.
Fuzhou capital is strong, the capital strength is growing faster; the talent is not strong, but its education is developed, and it has a large number of foreign compatriots; in terms of location competitiveness, there is neighboring sea, close to Taiwan's natural geography Advantages and the resulting political and economic advantages, on the other hand, small hinterland, domestic mountains, traffic inconvenience, and cross-strait relationships have limited advantageous play. The management competitiveness is strong, especially in the management of urban governments, and the management efficiency of the enterprise is better. It has relatively advantages in the openness, especially the introduction of foreign capital, accounting for the total capital, and the foreign trade is high; but currently in technology, The competitiveness of infrastructure, environment, etc. is not too strong. The strongest city of serious and exploitation: Wenzhou
Wenzhou's comprehensive competitiveness is still too strong, but its long-term economic growth rate is relatively high, making it one of the fastest in the country.
Its competitive and inexhaustible source is from its cultural power. Wenzhou people have a strong sense of confidence, be good at the four seas, and cultivate a spirit of innovation and pioneering, showing a strong pioneering spirit; although it is a small and medium-sized city, it has become China's important innovation center, Created Wenzhou models at home and abroad: shaping a loose economic environment, develop an individual private economy; cultivate professional market, form a small enterprise cluster; explore the financing system, improve the convenience of enterprises to obtain funds; introduce private capital, create infrastructure Construction new system.
In addition to order competitiveness, there is a significant advantage in soft competitiveness; however, we should punch in science and technology transformation, urban scale, high quality improvement, urban environment improvement.
The most competitive city in the development of the West: Chongqing
Chongqing is the most competitive city in the west. In terms of capital competitiveness, capital strength and financial control ability, but its company has a relatively high cost; the infrastructure is better, especially social and foreign infrastructure; at the same time, in environment, order, institutions, culture and other competition It has a good performance.
Chongqing is in terms of talent competitiveness, in addition to the number of labor resources, the overall quality, potential and cultivation of talents is being improved; the scientific and technological conversion capacity is also to be improved; in the integrated location competitiveness, as a southwest area The important economic center, the vast hinterland, the most abundant resources; the advantages of government management capabilities and open competitiveness should be strengthened.
Extroverted economically active city: Suzhou
Suzhou's economy is full of vitality and vitality, but its competitiveness is not strong enough. Strong technology competitiveness, in the R & D investment index, corporate R & D investment accounts for the proportion of sales income, the number of patented products, new products account for the proportion of sales revenue, and high-tech indices are relatively high. The integrated level is strong, the advantages of Shanghai and Yangtze River, the economy, culture, and technology are obvious; foreign capital accounts for the total capital proportion in 24 cities, the first; for trade dependence, participate in regional integration, foreign economic and cultural exchange It is relatively high, with strong open competitiveness; the aggregation force is relatively slightly strong, especially the number of foreign companies gather, and the growth rate is faster.
Suzhou talent is weak, except for education and development, the number of labor force is not advantageous; capital competitiveness is not strong, but its company has a relatively low cost of funds; infrastructure, order, institutional, culture, management and other competition The force is still not too strong.
The best economic stability city: Chengdu
Chengdu has strong competitiveness, as a place in the southwestern region, not only has a large number of labor, but also high quality, and education is also relatively developed. In terms of capital competitiveness, capital strength, financial control capability is relatively strong; industrial economy and technical foundation, complete engineering, strong structural competitiveness; it is an important political, economic, cultural, scientific, transportation center, location in Southwest China Strong competitiveness. Despite the strength of Chengdu's scientific and technological strength, its scientific and technological competitiveness is not strong, because its research results are weak. Although the order is not strong, the stability of economic development is best in the country. There is also a huge potential in improving infrastructure, institution, culture, management, opening and other competitiveness.
The strongest competitive city of economic system: Ningbo
Ningbo is a coastal city full of vitality and vitality, competitiveness is strong. In 24 cities, government administrators are most exciting, their corporate property rights clarity, resource market configuration, and the exit degree of government economy have higher, indicating that the system is more competitive, and the government management is more competitive. Infrastructure has a certain advantage, especially in the city's infrastructure, high technical level.
Ningbo talent is relatively weak, and capital competitiveness is not strong. The bank deposit loans are small, but the comprehensive cost of corporate financing is low; with excellent deep water port, the natural location is obvious, but the economic hinterland is small, the administrative and science and technology location lacks advantage The economic strength and development capacity of the city have not formed advantages.
The largest urban city: Shijiazhuang
Shijiazhuang's comprehensive competitiveness is not strong relative to other cities, and there is no advantage in central inland, natural location, but its hinterland resources are rich.
In terms of talent competitiveness, education and talent resources have better potential; in terms of scientific and technological competitiveness, the comprehensive index of the research institute is high, the technology is relatively slightly strong; in terms of structural competitiveness, the average size of the company is in 24 cities. The biggest, non-agrotial value accounts for higher GDP; in terms of management competitiveness, corporate economic benefits are relatively high, and corporate management is strong; in terms of opening up, foreign trade dependence is relatively high.
However, capital, infrastructure, gathering, system, culture, etc. are not very strong.
High-tech industrial competitive city: Xi'an
Xi'an is the political, economic, scientific, cultural, transportation and commerce center in the five provinces of northwest. History has a long history, is one of the four ancient civilizations of the world, and the famous international tourism city, scientific and technological talents, developed higher education, and the future potential of human resources. Comprehensive structural competitiveness is relatively strong, in a major cutting-edge technology, high-efficiency technology has created many "national first", is an important scientific research, production base, and national defense technology industry in China. Force; the research institutes are numerous, and the cutting-edge scientific and technological achievements are well known as the science city in China. Its integrated technology is second only to Beijing, Shanghai, and ranks in front of major cities across the country, but its scientific and technological transformation is not strong.
Although the comprehensive strength is relatively strong, Xi'an is not too strong in integrated competitiveness and sub-capital, culture, management, opening and other competitiveness.
The most competitive city in Northeast Asia: Harbin
Harbin talents and technology competitiveness are relatively strong, the number of labor, the proportion of scientific research personnel, and the number of research institutes is better. A comprehensive industrial city, industrial basis, and strong economic and technical force are strong and strong in structural industries. It is the political, economic, cultural center, and the transportation hub in the northeast, and the important portal exchanged in China and the Northeast Asia. The three-dimensional transportation network of foreign water is particularly developed, rich in resources, and the competitiveness of comprehensive location. Natural landscape is unique and is a famous tourist city at home and abroad. In terms of institutional competitiveness, corporate property rights clarity, the exit level of the government economy is relatively high.
In Northeast Asia, Harbin is currently the most competitive. The opportunity should be seized, actively promote the border trade, economic cooperation and resource development of this area, and accelerate the improvement of its competitiveness. The strongest city along the Beijing-Kei line: Nanchang
Nanchang is Jiangxi political, economic, cultural center, transportation and development, vast hinterland, rich resources, and strong location competitiveness.
In terms of talent competitiveness, the future potential and local education system is better; in terms of structural competitiveness, non-agrill value accounts for high proportion of GDP, and its population density is reasonable; in terms of infrastructure competitiveness, cultural infrastructure has A certain advantage; in terms of environmental competitiveness, the landscaping index is high.
However, other competitiveness is not too strong.
Although Nanchang also continues to work hard than the city with strong competitiveness in the country, it is the most competitive in Nanchang. Ni Pengfei
