In 2003, he graduated from the graduation of graduates after the university expansion of my country. It was increased by 670,000 in last year, and the growth rate reached 30%. And the employer selection is more pragmatic, seeking real. If you pay the same wage, you can recruit that you don't think about it. If you can recruit, you can recruit a low degree, the purpose is to spend the cost of human cost, bringing more benefits to the company. The graduates lack of work experience, social experience, university curriculum and market seriously discomfort, plus themselves in the mentality of "Tianzhi's proud", facing such a fierce employment competition market, looks no.
According to the labor department forecast: In the next 10 years, my country will have a new labor force 10 million, about 120 million rural labor, to the city, in the state-owned enterprise institution, and there are more than 2 million stable unemployed, and each year There are millions of laid-off workers.
Whether it is a graduate, it is still necessary to make a reappear, or people who need to charge in the post, they all hope that "employment" will be successfully achieved, and they can work steadily in a job. If you don't reach the goal of "employment", other goals have not been discussed. However, to truly realize their employment goals, just relying on their own efforts, it is not enough, need to participate in the government, society, establish a complete "employment education" mechanism, and form a benign cycle to fundamentally solve it. Employment problems, realizing the overall improvement of the quality of social labor.
I. Positioning and concept of employment education
l Chinese education system
China's education system is divided into basic education, vocational education and higher education. Basic education includes primary schools, junior high school, high schools, basic education is inheritance of human have cultural and scientific knowledge, in cultivating students' basic cultural quality; vocational education includes high school, secondary school, junior college, respectively, vocational high school, medium Vocational schools, higher vocational schools to undertake, goal is to train technical workers, technicians, technicians to undertake a certain technical content in actual jobs, focus on practical operation; higher education generally refer to undergraduate education, undertaking teaching tasks by ordinary colleges and universities The goal is to cultivate engineer talents, engaged in engineering design, etc.; Master, Ph.D. is research-based talent, responsible for the tasks of exploration and research on unknown knowledge, and cultivated by universities and research institutes. This type of talent training mechanism is the foundation of social stability and is also a reasonable talent setting structure.
In the company's talent structure is also based on low, medium, high-level, people who are engaged in general work, there is no need to have undergraduate, graduate degree, but because of people's concepts, it seems that the degree is more competitive, it is not What is the company's more look at or is you suitable for this post? Does this work experience. In the structure of social talents, generally become a pyramid: the bottom of the pyramid is basic type, the application talents, the demand, the personnel of junior college, secondary school, and the professional qualifications; engineering design, planning plan, management talent belongs to The central part of the pyramid, generally have an undergraduate degree; senior management talents, scientific research talents require master's degree, doctoral degree, they are at the top of the pyramid, the number of demand is relatively small.
Since people blindly pursue academic qualifications in recent years, they did not seriously think about the actual needs of society. The result has caused individuals to take a higher degree. The school should cultivate talents, and the unit recruits the phenomenon of undergraduate degree, thereby Causes high consumption of talents, it can be done undergraduate from the work of junior college. It can be graduated from undergraduate stemming, which not only affects the reasonable talent structure of the entire society, but also has a huge human capital waste. Therefore, our country, society and individuals should change the concept in the "talent concept", not "the high education is used", but "only the right talent is used".
l employment education concept
With the economic pace, technology updates are accelerated, people's survival is getting bigger and bigger, so they constantly improve their academic qualifications, constantly learning new knowledge, new technologies to improve their competitive strength. However, when all people are pursuing undergraduate, sometimes the technician, the technician's work is easier, when holding a diploma, when the certificate is interviewed, the company is more interested in work experience. . In this way, undergraduate students, graduate students read the phenomenon of junior college in order to master a work skill, can this phenomenon solve it with a certain mechanism? Therefore, I proposed the concept of "employment education". "Employment Education" refers to education based on employment, including the professional skills required for a job; completing the team cooperation skills needed by a job mission; finally obtaining a job interview skill required for work. Therefore, "Employment Education" is a form of education that cultivates these three aspects of skills to cultivate these three aspects.
In terms of professional skills training, based on the needs of the company, classroom teaching is carried out in the form of the project, so that students deeply understand the working methods and habits in the enterprise, reach the ability to master skills and increase experience. The content of the teaching materials comes from the investigation of the enterprise, teachers come from the first line of the company, ensuring the high degree of learning content and business needs.
Cooperative skills pay attention to cultivating students' communication skills, mutual assistance, tolerance, innovation, self-discipline, etc. The purpose of high efficiency to achieve the goal of the company.
The job hunting skill mainly cultivates the self-selling ability of the students. Many people can't find a platform for their talents because they are not good at selling themselves, and they have lost many opportunities for development. Resume, certificate, recommendation letter, related information, etc., are all selling their own advertisements, their own talks, balances, dress, temperament, self-confidence, etc., are soldering their own means, know how to sell themselves and be good at promoting their own people, often I can't think about it.
"Employment Education" is different from academic education and is also different from certification training. The purpose of academic education is to a large extent to get a diploma, whether it is ordinary higher education or adult continuing education, the content and professor of learning are highly reproduced by theory and foundation, and in general, it is three to four years, if Just for employment, there is no need to choose to participate in academic education. At present, various types of certified training have been short-term training to obtain a certification certificate. In this way, a single skill is improved, and it is suitable for in order to raise a new technique to study. "Employment Education" is a comprehensive ability to cultivate a particular position in the enterprise, and does not stick to a certain manufacturer. From the actual needs of the enterprise, training immediately can use the technology. For example, the teacher of marketing is the marketing director in the company. He is working at work in the day, at night or weekend, and the content of the content is going to work, and the student has finished working on the next day. Used.
l employment education object
"Employment Education" is facing a corresponding basic adult and in-service personnel, regardless of degree, professional, age, to make the students get a employment skill in the short term, reach employment and enhance their own purpose. This type of education is actually a useful supplement to vocational education and higher education. Although vocational education is essentially a "employment education", because of its facial middle, high school graduates, their worldview has not yet formed, life goals and positioning are not clear, personality needs to be improved, so carrying two years Three years of long-term education is necessary. In two to three years, technology has changed greatly, but due to the limitations of school humanity, material resources, financial resources, it is necessary to keep up with this change in time, and it is also a more difficult job. Higher education is also the same, especially in the case of enrollment, teaching content, employment system, etc., the ability to cultivate students can keep up with market demand, basically impossible. Therefore, after reading China Special, College or Undergraduate course, participate in "employment education" in several months, is an effective measures for students to improve employment competitiveness. In addition, due to the majority of "employment education" from the latest content from corporate demand, it is also very helpful for people who are re-employed, and those who need to improve professional skills in the job. Especially in many jobs require a composite professional talent, such as programmers who have been developed for different industries. If you know the corresponding industry knowledge, development efficiency will greatly improve. In many management positions, in general, from technical talents, it is necessary to supplement the theory and skills of management, avoiding the ability to keep up due to management capabilities, causing low work efficiency. Some managers, when they see their own ministries, they simply do personally, or every detail is checked by themselves, I don't know if he is not working in the first line, his work assessment It is no longer to do itself, but it is an assessment that he can lead a team to do his work.
Therefore, whether it is a graduate, or in a career, or in-service personnel, "employment education" mechanisms need to help them achieve employment goals, or competent jobs.
Second, the content and form of employment education
l Content from the company
At present, the courses in the university are generally in the past, even if the fastest computer courses are too old. After the students have finished the student, it is natural to use the company. Even some of the certification content trained in some social training institutions is also plagiarism, as for the content of the professor is useful in work, and there is no argument. For students, whether they are college, or participate in social training institutions certification training, the content learned is not useful, and it is unclear. Once they have finished learning, when they have been approved, they will know that they have learned in the past. Things can not be used in the field. The aura of the university is no longer existed, and the hand is looking forward to the high salary dream, causing college students who are unwilling to learn things in the classroom, which is no longer interested in the certification certificate, this result is rational.
In fact, everyone has prepared for future employment, and the fundamental issue of employment is that the skills of individuals can truly meet the needs of the enterprise. In the "Employment Education" course, all the content is a survey from the first line of work and comprehensively organized to provide students with easy acceptance form. Therefore, the essence of "employment education" is "tightly following the needs of the company, and cultivates talents according to the needs of the enterprise."
The professional settings of "employment education" can be flexible, as long as they follow the needs of the company. At present, the talent market can open programmers, and can open programmers, and can open marketing majors. Time can be arranged in usual, evening, weekend, cold summer vacation, school students can learn, in-service personnel can also learn. l Classroom simulation work scene
When the company is recruited, the first look is technical capabilities, and people who fail to have a technical ability are first excluded. Due to the professional setting of the university, the curriculum content is a gap between the actual work. It is impossible to meet the needs of the job position. The training of work skills is useless, let the students do hand to do hand, so that students are interested, they will be invested. To achieve this, first, the teacher should be the master of the first line of work, so that students with a line of work can be cultivated. For example, the programmer is professional, just let the students understand the programming language, and the students cannot write software with commercial value, and the cultivated students are still useless. In the current situation of China's software industry has not formed a scale, the training programmer is just like cultivating a writer, only teaching him a group word, and will even write a small text, it is not enough, To teach him how to think about, imagine, how to understand other novels. For learning IT skills, there is no need to figure out the details of the technology, and there is no need to record many content in your brain.
The traditional education method is that the teacher has taken down the content student who speaks in the class. When the exam is tested, it will be passed, and this "pass" is definitely there in the actual work. "Employment Education" advocates yourself to do, the teacher gives you the task as the manager, the teacher tells you how to complete the task, how to complete the task completely rely on himself. Because in actual work, it is impossible to guide you every day, help you, everyone has their own task, whoever does not make anyone who will remember a stroke, directly affecting her income, even own development of. So the class of "employment education" is the scene of work. The teacher is your manager. The classmates are your colleagues. The daily learning content is "work tasks".
l Implement five steps in teaching methods:
I. Overview of Basic Knowledge Learning Post: Basic theory is to make an incident. Well, the first step is to succeed in interest, and the post is overview to make the student will first appreciate the joy of "seeing a glorious proceedings of the whole leopard career." Second, the example analysis: When the case is teaching, it is gradually entered by the shallow, step by step, and let the students do it in the middle school. Deepen the understanding of the theory of ideas by handshake. Third, stage assessment: Test of step by step, consolidate the skills of learning. IV. Project Practice: Professional skills in this stage have stepped growth, and intend to integrate the experience and rich work experience of doing projects to do. During the completion of the project, exercise the spirit, professionalism, and excavate innovation capabilities. Fives,. Recommended Internship: "Thousands of Thousands of Things, in a moment", the students will try to prove their achievements in this stage.
The company's business objectives, organizational structures, workflows, corporate culture, etc. are also very clear as a company. The general enterprises have a very clear goal. In general, "enterprises to pursue interests", but this benefit is achieved by realizing a certain target by legal means, such as producing printers. How much market share is to be accounted for a few years, and each year is achieved in many sales; training programmers, how many programmers have to be cultivated in a few years, and how much enrollment is achieved each year. The goal of enterprises is closely linked to the individual's goals. The company has no future, and the future is not talking. There are great differences in different sizes and different nature of the organization. It knows which position and responsibilities they should be committed, will have a great help to their own development and successful completion tasks. Workflow is an effective way to improve work efficiency, which generally has a comparative standard workflow chart in a regular company. Corporate culture is actually a culture, is a positive oriented or people who are active or people. It is an encouragement talent to stand out or suppressed to burying talents. It is a leader of a company or collective leadership. In short, the simulation work is to use the classroom design, let the students feel and experience the atmosphere of work, and reduce the discomfort caused by the transformation of the classroom to the company.
l Cultivate students' overall quality
The cultivated students are welcomed by the company, which is not only reflected in the technical quality, but also in other qualities. The quality of a talent includes two aspects: hard skills and soft skills.
Hard skill is professional skills. It is a condition that can be eligible for this job. For example, the programmer must make a program, do project; salesman must be very familiar with this product and have sales skills; accounting will have accounting business Knowledge and experience; doing managers must not only understand business and management, etc., so hard skill first determines whether a person can undertake this job, hard skill does not meet the needs of this position, first in the resume. Eliminate it.
Soft skills can refer to hard skills, other skills, such as communication skills, cooperation capabilities, learning ability, innovative abilities, professional ethics, professionalism, and more. The shortcomings of soft skills will also directly affect the effects of the applicable. The graduates are very lacking in both hard skills and soft skills, so it is very natural when I apply. Of course, some big companies are very popular in human investment. They are willing to cultivate people who are temporarily insufficient in hard skills. They mainly look at your soft skills. It is a talent that meets the requirements. But soft skills can not be fully cultivated in the short term, and a person's soft skill can be formed by personal character, experience, family, living environment, hobby, values, outlook, concept, and so on. Therefore, when the company selection is often more than soft skill, if the hard skills of the two people are almost, he will choose a soft skill, if the soft skill is high, he will lack hard skills, he will conduct short-term training in hard skill.
"Employment Education" is fully cultivated in two aspects of hard skills and soft skills, put hard skills, soft skills in the same important position, on the road of personal career development, often is more important.
l Assist the students to expand the employment line
The purpose of "employment education" is to assist students from employment. First, cultivate hard skill and soft skills, so that students have employment qualities; secondly, they are cultivating students to find work. Since China has long been influenced by traditional planned economies, it is also a planning system in personnel systems. Not only is the state-owned enterprise, even if private companies have a large planning system. In fact, talent is a social shackles, can flow resources, or called a commodity, where is the need to move, let the market to adjust the reasonable distribution of talent structure and human resources, the government's role is to carry out macroeconomic regulation . In "employment education", the employment service of students is the employment services of students. Through the establishment of cooperation with enterprises, they provide students with fixed-point internship bases, regularly organize and participate in two-way selection, and through students Tracking systems provide students with lifetime free employment services, through these specific employment services, broaden students' employment channels.
At present, it is difficult for finding work in China's talent market. On the one hand, it is also a big relationship with individual methods that don't know how to find a job due to defects in talent training mechanism. The first is to reflect on the resume, the resume is an advertisement of personal job hunting. If you don't make it clear, you can express you clearly, you will not be easy to be discovers you, so you may lose a good development opportunity. . The second is the performance of the interview, there is no certain interview skills, often missed the opportunity, the company has already set a standard before recruiting, the interview is in the selection of this standard, if the candidate is clear, according to this standard This standard is going to do, and the possible line of success is great. Some people don't figure out what this position should be done before the interview, just want to try or encounter luck, of course, the possibility of success is very small.
Under normal circumstances, after truly understanding the prescribed learning content, the students have basically had the ability to employ employment, but to achieve the goal of employment, it is also necessary to work hard, and the students can be seen by the company, depending on The trainers have pushed the students to the company. They are irresponsible for students and companies. If the students are dissatisfied with the company or the company is dissatisfied with the students, they have damage to the students, the company, and schools. Many students lack an initiative, there is often a kind of dependence, often in passive and negative surface. I don't know if I have a parent at home, I have a teacher care in the school, and I need to take myself in the society, and everything depends on myself.
l Back to follow-up
Due to the difference in corporate culture, corporate work environment, personnel constitutes, the students have embarked on the job after graduation, and there will be no adaptation, and there will be many problems, and it takes a period of time to work in order to completely integrate into the company. Go in. During this running, mainly needs to provide subsequent services to students in two aspects: The first is to have problems in technology; the second is a problem in interpersonal relationships. The emergence of these two problems is normal, because the content of learning in class does not necessarily include all aspects of the company, students are not possible to transfer the teacher in the classroom, so the school needs to set up Specialized follow-up service team. Technical issues are supported by teachers, technicians through various means such as Email, BBS, telephone, and seminars. The students can also establish contacts, encounter problems to communicate at any time, and implement knowledge sharing. The problem in interpersonal relationship is given by the student service department. The students can also discuss each other through friends.
In addition to their follow-up services in addition to their jobs, they will need a follow-up to serve the issue of success and add new knowledge after work. "Employment Education" pays attention to the development of students throughout the career, forming a complete service system.
l The training of teachers
The IT industry is called the Chaoyang industry. IT talents are called "gold collar", although the impact of network bubble economy, bringing landslides to IT industries, but from talent recruitment market data, IT talent recruitment has been far away Leading, he is high. A senior IT professional talent, the annual salary is more than ten thousand, more than a few hundred thousand, more attractive is if a popular universal small software can be developed, and it is possible to become a billionaire. The writer of the 23-year-old NetScape software is a typical example. So, in such a person who is so guilty, I hire teachers, and it is difficult to know. As an IT training lecturer, in addition to having exceptional skills, it is necessary to have a strong expression ability, clear thinking, love others, and dedication, this is a greater difficulty in finding lecturers. Therefore, the value of the lecturer cannot be measured with how much earning money, but more importantly, it is reflected in all aspects of their own hood, life experience, social responsibility. Technical talents from the first line of work often have not been done, do not know how to prepare lessons, how to lect, how to deal with students, and even lack the courage of the lecture, and in the course of class because of the labor intensity, It also requires strong perseverance and physical strength. Under normal circumstances, new teachers need three months to six months to cultivate the podium, and to give continuous encouragement and guidance. In order to maintain the technique of the lecturer, it is necessary to take some real projects from the enterprise. It is necessary to take some real projects from the enterprise. The teacher leads the students to do it together in the classroom, so that the students can feel the atmosphere of the business work, and can avoid the teacher from the actual application.
In order to ensure the quality of teaching, the teacher found in the teaching process, regularly evaluated the teacher, and the results of the assessment directly and the teacher's bonus, which can urge teachers to continuously improve the teaching effect, rapid improvement your own power. Teachers are the soul of a training institution. Good teachers can not only bring benefits to the school, but also to create brands to the school, so helping teachers planning a good career to retain excellent teacher talents. Method.
l Textbook research and development
For small training institutions, there is no self-editing ability, or as a licensed training organization for a manufacturer, use authorized manufacturers' textbooks; either select the appropriate textbook from the market. For medium-sized training institutions, they must have their own lesson plan, courseware development, teaching materials research and development institutions, in order to expand the market and establish brand. The research and development cycle of the textbook is relatively long. It is generally about half a year. It is also a more difficult thing to launch the corresponding textbook for a new technology. Because the emergence of new technologies must have a familiar process, there is also a market promotion process after familiarity, and the teaching content of the classroom needs to be ahead of the market, so as to avoid the course of the course, the institution of teaching materials is written. It is necessary to establish a good relationship with technical original manufacturers or related technical experts, and investigate the demand trend of enterprises at any time. The technology development of the IT industry is very fast. Every day has new technologies. It is said that there is no vitality in this technology. If there is any future, it is necessary for textbook research and development personnel to have a certain forward-looking.
The writing of textbooks is also different from general technical books. It is necessary to consider the learning process of beginners, study the laws and characteristics of learning. For "employment education", it is also necessary to study the characteristics of work, and the effectiveness of technology. In terms of teaching materials for "employment education", emphasizing talents in posts, not only have hard skills, but also takes care of soft skills, but also achieves comprehensive and technical practical.
Third, the management and development of employment education
l Property relationship clarity
In 1996, the "Social Society" regulations on the Social Strength of Social Strength, "Social Power held educational institutions," should not be profitable "," When the educational institution is clear, the payment and social insurance fees of the owned employee should be paid; After the surplus property, returning or discount returns after the institution, the remainder is planned by the approval authority, which is used to develop a social power to run school. "This means that investment managers can only be used as public welfare. Can't make money to return to yourself, and the assets after the production are required to pay the country. Such regulations also have their own truth. First, run school is to cultivate talents. The training of people may have a life of a person. The role of training has taken a long time after training. If the training is improper, it affects personal development. Heavy influence of social development; followed by social power, do not accept income tax, business tax is relatively low. Since 2001, the state has begun to discuss the industrialization of education, since the implementation of industrialization of "education" can be taken, it is also a matter of course, so in 2003, the "China Promotional Education Promotion Law" has been issued in 2003. The most prominent One is "The funder can make a reasonable return from the running downs. The specific approach to obtain reasonable returns is stipulated by the State Council," "The private school will pay for the remaining property after the above debt, according to the relevant laws and administrative regulations." In this way, it will advance from the national policy to the social power running forward. However, how many rewards have been considered "reasonable return", how to deal with the property after production, still not clear, such a large amount of capital, can not enter the education market.
Under normal circumstances, the training institution has taken the company and school coexistence, and the company's investment and establishment of schools, the school's return to the company, and the company can share the stock, the company's shareholders can hold the company's shares, such investment and school interests There is also a guarantee. However, in the process of entering the company, the company has paid a business tax again, but also pays income tax. In this way, from the perspective of business, the country should also introduce some policies, laws and regulations that are conducive to private investment in order to make investors do to reward returns and avoid repeated taxation. With the further adjustment of the national education market, the property rights of training institutions gradually transition to the direction of the development of the educational industry.
l Industrialization
From the current educational system in China, an educational institution that can industrialily operates only the "social force running agency" for employment. Basic education is a compulsory education, which belongs to the cultivation of the whole national quality, cannot be profitable and cannot industrialize. In higher education, the country has a large number of educational funds every year. Decades have formed a relatively fixed operation mode for decades. If the industrialization operation is not a day, although many private universities do not need national investment, there are relative Independent management, but in various aspects such as enrollment, professional setting, teaching content, certificate issuance, etc., also subject to the strict control of the country. Vocational education is an industrial operation. At present, many vocational schools have made outstanding results, but most of the vocational schools are still in the state of non-swaying, one side is subject to social universal impact, on the other hand due to The course aging, the difficulty of teachers, and the formation of industrialized scale operations in a short time. It is most likely to form industrialized business training institutions, especially companies and school parallel operations.
The core of industrial operation is to establish a brand, and the brand's establishment must rely on teachers, teaching materials and market operations. The method of industrial operation is to have a set of self-improvement mechanisms. First of all, we must establish your own main business, can't do anything; secondly, there are teachers and textbook research and development agencies, and continuously cultivate excellent talents and research and development. The materials needed are the basic conditions to maintain the brand; the third is the ability to operate in a smart market. The way of opening branches and chain joining in market operations is generally used. For the business of the business, you can take the way of opening a branch, and a chain franchise approach can be taken for investment. Since the quality of education and training is reflected in the teaching process, the quality control of chain franchise is very difficult, and the parties of the organization and the alliances are required to work together to put the respective obligations to the implementation, form a relatively close interest community. . For training institutions that do not have enough funding, teaching organizations, teaching materials, market operations, can join under a brand, form their own brand locally, so that you can save your own funds, achieving steady development purposes. "Employment Education" can not only form a sharing in teaching resources, but also form a sharing in employment resources. The employment information between the chain mechanism can be interoperable at any time. Talent across the country can communicate through the chain.
l Management and service team
The general training institution only needs teaching and teaching staff, and "employment education" has added vocational guidance and employment services. The course setting of "Employment Education" comes from the survey of business needs, and a group of surveyors need to go deep into the first line of the company to understand the needs, and then develop teaching content. When students come to sign up, they need special professional consultants to assess students' conditions. Judging that he is suitable for learning, which career should be developed to help students plan career. In addition to the training of students in the learning process, the school management personnel organizes special development training, military training and industry professionals, and cultivate students' good professional qualities.
The "Enterprise Cooperation Union" established for the employment services of the students is the bridge of the "employment education" institution and the company's maintenance, which promotes the bond that the students directly successfully employed. The Corporate Cooperation is a specific work organization of the Enterprise Cooperation Alliance. They regularly exchange, technological salons, on-site visits, let the students feel the enterprise, know the enterprise, and love the enterprise, and find yourself in the process of contributing to the company. Development direction.
l employment education
"Employment Education" is a useful supplement to vocational education and higher education, but also makes up for the lack of certification training in the full quality training of students. For vocational education and higher education, you can join the "Employment Education" course in the last semester, so that students have practical employment skills to solve problems in the employment competitiveness. In order to adapt to the market situation, social training institutions can also gradually incorporate "employment education" mechanism. For students who have graduated, they will conduct training in the charging personnel, and they can help the government, social solutions, and realize training. Double return of institutional economic and social benefits.
"Employment Education" is conceptually jumped out of the circle of vocational education and certification training, directly pointing to the ultimate goal of talents - employment, from ideological attention to the attention of people from diploma, certification certificate, and practically cultivate talents Practical skills are placed first, this is a revolution on education concept, and it is necessary to have major social benefits and economic benefits, and have broad development prospects.
