Tianjin University Electronic System Fan Zhongfang (e-mail: zffan@public.tpt.tj.cn) Overview: SUN Java Technical Strong Portability Master is now in three independent. This article discusses the characteristics of these three portable transplantation and its lack of it. 1. Java as a programming language: Source code can be transplanted as a programming language, Java provides the easiest way to be the most familiar - source code mounting of people. This means any of the Java program, not the CPU, operation system or Java compiler, will produce the same results. This is not a new concept. People use C, C to produce the same effect. But use C or C programming people can have too many choices, and there is no strict definition in many details, such as: the value of the unin-initial variable, the release of the released memory, the tail value of the floating point operation, etc. In addition to nothing, it is strictly based on the concept of the system. No, this portability can only be an idea of ideas and cannot be practiced. In general, although C and C have a strict language definition, the Symantics is not standardized. This kind of uniformity of this language makes the same step in the different lines of production. There is always the same time the system is completely the same, but only the setup of the compiler is different, and it will produce unexpected results. Java is different. It defines a strict language intention, but makes the compiler do not bear the work of this. In addition, the definition of Java to the program is also strict than C and C , such as: Garbage Collection, enables the program, can't access the off-boundary memory; it provides certain values for the unmelted variables. Its characteristics can reduce the difference between Java's Java program running on the non-flat platform, which also makes Java have a better platform that is better than C and C more than C and C in the case where the Java virtual machine is not available. However, these features also have its unsuccessful side. Java wants to operate on a computer with 32-bit byte length and 8-bit per word, which enables the 8-bit word long meter and some giant machines to operate Java program. On this platform, you can only run the portable C and C programs.
2. Java as a virtual machine: CPU portability Most compiler generated target code can only run on a CPU (such as Intel's x86 series), even if those compilers that support multiple CPUs cannot be generated at the same time Suitable for a variety of CPU target code. If you need to run the same order on three CPUs, such as X86, SPARC and MIPS, you must compile three times. But the Java compiler is different. The Java Compiler Biometric Biochemistry is a needle to a CPU-Java virtual machine (Java Virtual Machine), not an active CPU. The Java virtual machine can cover different differences between the CPU, so that J-CODE can run on any Java virtual machine. The concept of virtual machine is not specially available in Java: Canadian University ranked a few years ago, a concept of PASCAL virtual machines; a PERL script that is widely used in UNIX servers is also an intermediate code for genetic and machinery. It is used to execute. However, the need for Java virtual machines designed to Internet applications is that it can produce a target code that is unsatisfactory. It is because of the special requirements of the Internet's full characteristics, the JVM can be quickly accepted. When the main stream of the main stream is like OS / 2, MacOS, Windows95 / NT has been brought to J-CODE. As a virtual CPU, the Java virtual machine is independent of the source code. They can not only use Java language to be generated into J-Code, or it can be generated with ADA95. In fact, there has been a J-Code compiler that has a needle source code, including Basic, LISP and FORTH. After the source code is converted into J-Code, the Java virtual machine can be implemented without distinguishing which source code is generated. The result of this is CPU-portable. Performing source programming as J-Code is in a variety of machines, and the disadvantage is that it is not as fast as this code is running. 3. Java acts as a virtual operating system (OS) and graphical user interface (GUI): Operating system portability Even if most of the Windows programs written in C and C can not be on UNIX or Macintosh system even after recompilancy run. Why is this ? Because the programmer uses a lot of WindowsAPI and interrupt calls when writing a Windows program, the Windows program has a big difference in the call to the system function and the UNIX and Macintosh programs, so unless full Windows API is placed on other operating systems, otherwise The recoilated program is still unable to run.
Java has used a role in which a set of library functions (including AWT, UTIL, LANG, etc.) is solved. As JVM provided a virtual CPU, the Java library function provided a virtual GUI environment. The Java program is only called for the Java library function, and the library function is completed by the doubling of the operation system. Java also uses a "Least-CommmMMinTor) in its OS / GUI library to provide functional calls for a particular operating system, that is, this feature is only effective in a particular environment. The operating system is ignored. This is the same as that of the need for a needle to be able to have people who have the interfaces that have people familiar with themselves, and they can operate in other systems. The shortcomings are a strong dependence of some of the functional calls in the system, and it is difficult to implement in the virtual OS / API of Java. In this case, the programmer can only write unmissive procedures. In summary, Java features a portable surface to make it a wide range of applications in the Internet. At the same time, its ability to antiseptic toxicity is also a place in which it needs to be highly reliable. Servers: Fan Zhongfang Tianjin University Electric Sub-engineering Department Address: 24th, Tiajin City, No. 24 Post: 300050 Excerpted from China Computer World Daily Standard Release
