Professor is university
· Cheng Xing ·
There is a rare story about General Eisenhower. In the first hero of the Second World War II, General Hero Eisenhower received the hiring of Columbia University in 1952, as the principal of the famous Evergreen University. At the beginning of Yun, the general is accompanied by the subordinates, meets the school guild, administrative personnel and students, and finally participated in the school professor to the welcome conference. After a warm applause, the general speech. He first stated that "employees" who have the opportunity to meet the Columbia University of Columbia in the event. At this time, I saw the Professor of Physics, Gigsy, and later became the Nobel Prize winner's I. I. Rabi, whoever stood up, but he didn't lose its destination: "Mr., the professor is not Columbia University. The 'employee'; professors are Columbia University. "
Professor Rabi said such an occasion of this, in fact, there is no shocking meaning; he just said in a way that he identifies a truth. The only thing that needs to be explained is that such a "fact" is just a normal situation in the university; Professor of Rabbi will be considered a rude guy.
There is such a statement in American universities: the leadership professors are difficult than watching a group of cats. Therefore, the university administrative personnel are often launched as "pasta". In front of Cornell University, Kepeng said such a story in the book of Tuition Rising: Why College Costs So Much. When Owprofeng, as the vice president of Kangdo, the school's preparation officer training project (ROTC), and the commander of the military ROTC is a professional soldier, often served by the officers of the previously certified. At that time, Owage came to a very tricky question: Kangda has several colleges refused to convert students in the Rotc compulsory course into credits from their college. As a result, ROTC students must complete all the courses of all of their colleges to add ROTC requirements to achieve the degree from Cornell University. The Rotc commander found Russian Berg and asked him to solve this problem. According to the idea of the soldiers, this is simple: Russian is the vice president of administration, and the dean of all college is responsible for him. As long as he will down, the problem is not solved? However, according to the management method of the university, the course and degree requirements are determined by the academic and professional professors. Even the college may not say that it is not necessary to say the vice president of administration.
Since this, I can't mention my own dilemma. Since I accepted the University of Columbia, I will receive a phone call and Yi sikle almost a while. These help often are my past friends, my parents' friends, friends from friends, even alumni, and so on. Their problems are very common, very simple: how can they get admission and funding from Columbia University; their requirements are more common, simpler: As long as I went to the department, the department is going to the department or the professor. The most difficult to deal with the friends who got home to visit my face "caught", they often take me to the restaurant. I know that this is "Hongmen Banquet", but saying "no" cost is not far from the declaration of "diplomatic relations".
But don't say the price of "no"? There are two results: First, I can self-discuss. American professors are most annoying others to interfere with them, especially in admission students and decisions, they are not recognized. Thus, why do you talk about love, he will give you a self-weight, and you will tell you to it. Second, I am busy for being asked for lovers. Some professors haven't seen someone else, and now some people come to "walk the back door", but found the reasons for not admitting. Anyway, admission to graduate students is a professor, and even the dean has no right to interfere.
In fact, the "professor of American universities can be able to do my own, don't recognize the face, not because they can be extraordinary, do not eat fireworks. They have a monk sword in their hands, that is, a tenure. In general, the Department of Society began to assess their research, teaching and participation in school social and management activities in the sixth year of assistant professors, and then from the Department of Science to the school to school level, until the school The board of directors finalized. Once the professor is awarded lifelong teaching, the school can be expelled by the "legitimate reasons", such as criminal offenses, etc.
The establishment of faculty system is initially to prevent entrepreneurs and charity through the ideological freedom and academic activities of university professors. At the end of the 19th century, Professor Edward Ross, a radical sociologist Edward, Stanford University, made that the main means of transportation in society - the railway system should be handed over to the government, but cannot be held by private companies. As everyone knows, Leland Stanford is happily happily through the railway construction, and has become the governor of California. Mr. Stanford passed away, his herew became the chairman of the Stanford University School of Director. The ending of this thing is that Professor Ros is driven out of the University of Stanford. This kind of thing is not universal, but it is not uncommon. In order to prevent micro-du, US colleges and universities decided to adopt a German university to ensure that professor teaching and research activities were not subject to political interference (Lehrfreiheit). Therefore, the establishment of faculty system, its original purpose is to protect the academic freedom of professors, making professors to spread any disputes in the research and teaching, will not constitute any threat to their "rice bowl".
The protection enjoyed by the University Professor has increased at the 1994. According to the supplementary cases of the Congress in 1987, universities do not allow forced professors to retire. The implementation of this new bill will take a layer of gold on the iron rice bowl of lifelong faculty. Imagine that in this highly competitive social environment in the United States, the general person has been in the age of 50, and it is not easy to find new jobs after I will lose the rice bowl. Because the people in this age is rich in work experience, salary is close to the peaks in any industry, and once employed, it is likely to be retired in the unit, so the employer has to put their pensions early. In this way, how many employers will be willing to recruit so much trouble unless outstanding talents? A university professor can be different. In the general academic field, ginger is indeed old spicy; especially in the field of humanities and social sciences, there is no certain life accumulation, and everyone must be almost impossible. In this way, senior professor has become a king in the university, and they bring reputation and research funds to college, and occupy an important administrative position. A private college, senior professor donated by alumni, is even a price of invaluable treasures, because only their old noodles can make the business developed alumni and other charity families generously.
Experience the authority of the king of the king, is in the university I am hired in Columbia. One day, I received a call, the other party claimed to be a professor of the Brigade Teachers College, and I wanted me to hide a part-time professor who hosted a part-time professor of the director of the school district director and the principal. I was a bit of a pet. It is important to know that the Brothers Teachers College is not only in the American Education Institute, but also due to Professor Dewey and his husband's concern to China in the 1930s, the Chinese education community and academia are like thunder. I didn't dare to promise, just talk about him for a time to talk about it. I checked his resume before, immediately was treated by him a big pile of dazzling titles. After seeing Professor S, he found that he actually squatted, leaning against a wheelchair, and it was a bit unreasonable with his identity. Professor S compliment me, then transferred to the topic, and asked me that I have an interest in the doctoral course in his presiding. I am a little nervous, I hope he first specifically tells the requirements of their courses in this area. Professor S smiled and said, "Please because you are an expert in this field, you should tell me what students should learn from you. I am the door of this area, how can you tell you? "It turned out in the University of America, although the disciplines have a syllabus and degree standards, the teaching has absolute authority to the course to the specific one-class lesson, and the director of the company has no such thing as a lecture content or teaching materials. . Especially graduate education, it is a ban on professionals in the professional professors. This makes many people who have just entering the US university from China. In China, we are used to using the concept of "System" to frame any of our knowledge we have contacted. You have to learn Chinese literature history, you can't read the "Chinese Literature History" of the Villateen. You have to learn how to learn higher mathematics, you can't read Fan Yantuan's "higher mathematics"? You have to learn history, how can you skip Fan Wenzhao? The professors of Chinese universities naturally dare not slowly, and they are integrated. So, for a long time, our college graduates or graduate students develop the habit of walking along the masters. When we sit into the American classroom, we often have a good fortune: When we discuss in class, we can tell the "system" to the head is the way, and let our American classmates be solemn, because of them. Professors have never been in their head to make any "system"!
Non-but no system, and US professors still love to sell their own "special long" in front of students. Some professors have fundamentally naming the so-called new theorem with their own names, and speaks his "Zhang's theory" and "Li's Law" in the classroom. The theory or theorem of these self-proposed claims, some are indeed a banner, which is refreshing; some is really inevitable is the old king selling melon-style sculptur small skills. Your professor is written by a book that is a bit related to his teaching course, he is not to let you buy his book, read his book, and use his book as blue. Do you want to lift everyone to press him? He will look at the child in the classroom and tell you why others are pulling, only his theory is correct. If you are hard, you can't afford it. When you are a semester papers, you will say that you will say that he will say that he will give you a high score, usually not because you don't listen to him, take the opportunity to retaliate. Sometimes you don't think of a new game, you can make your professor for half a day. He felt that you have been a true pass!
I don't dare to say that this "non-physicalized" teaching is that American students have more creative reasons, but at least, it is an independent academic system independently of American universities, while allowing professors "Tianma, alone, alone", also When the young son, Maden opened, I went in time in their hearts in their hearts, let them have the opportunity to have a new intention of addiction, taste self-integrated excitement, and from them The professor saw the unhabilitational authority in the eyes of the world. It turned out where is it from. Interestingly, it is not long long before a telephone consul of the Chinese Consulate General in New York, asked me to help receive a senior education representative of the Ministry of Education, the University of Education and the President of the Education Press. The group, and the main purpose of this group is to investigate how to organize the compilation, publication, distribution and use of college textbooks. This topic is really a crying, because this is a project that a US university needs to go to China. I don't want American universities to examine how to unify textbooks, sometimes I hope that the United States is constrained by this old urchin they hired. When I was doing a doctoral thesis, I found a urchin in the wrong year, I almost made me meet Jiang Yong's father.
Because of my paper involved in a certain field in college management, the mentor hopes that I will find an expert as a member of the five-person committee. At that time, the most famous is Professor L, and I also have chosen his class, it feels good. Find him, the old gentleman agreed. I then work hard, make the hard work, so it's hard to complete the paper proposal, I hope to start working as soon as possible after the five-person committee. Before the proposal reply, the five people first witted the first draft. When every one was satisfied, he presented the defense. Who knows that everyone will just sit in the defense, and the Professor L. OK will be put into guns. He took my proposal to bore, and then proposed to let the committee temporarily adjusted, and I will change the reply according to his opinion. Other four professors have a face, and there is no chance to speak, and it is not good to have a master of this family-level master.
Although my opinion of Professor L is very good, but adhering to the ancient training of my Chinese ancestors "Jun Ziki", I still try my best, launch the second manuscript of the proposal, and respect Professor L., after it will The five members of the general moved together and wanted to turn off again. In order to indicate that someone else is not formerly, I also deliberately sitting around L Professor, there is a lot of time to talk to him before the meeting. He is also like I should shoot a shoulder, saying that I am one of the best students who have encountered the best students for many years. It is a pity that my olive branch waving for a long time has not brought me peace, but it complies with the first more violent gunfire. Even my tutor and another professor did not afford to bring Professor L. Professor. Finally, I went to the five-person committees that I was quite spending. I was in the danger of landing of the land, I had to pay high, I promised to go back to work hard, prepare the third defense. At a moment of gotting up and retreat, I actually aimed at the end of my proposal on the table. This doesn't look tight. When I saw it, I was angry. I was so cigarette: I originally put it in front of my proposal! It took a few days of his first draft and the second manuscript.
I don't know if I am sincere, I have to be a pole, I will actually become the "best student" from the third proposal to repay. At the formal reply on the paper, Professor L actually made a warm speech on my research, and its highly excited, so excited.
Three weeks after the thesis defense, I left the school and went to a big city in the west. Not long after work, I will receive the phone of my mentor, inform me that Professor L is suddenly ill. It turned out that he was struggled for many years under the habit of alcoholism. When his family found him before the desk, he has been pharyngeal, and the mixed drink "Si Gao" has been taken in his hand. In fact, I am still fortunate to compare with my roommate Xiao Li. He reads the engineering, and each step is backed by the experiment, and every step will be approved by all members of the paper committee. A professor, a professor, suddenly proposed questions on his point of view, and finally the professor has been signed on the cover of his paper. Although Xiao Li wears a doctor, it has left a space for a space, but it has become a regret of his life.
Perhaps, it is like every coin has two sides, professor-oriented American colleges and universities are in full stand-alone ideas and personality, and inevitably will provoke a lot of trouble. For example, the university principal is more difficult to get more about the CEO of the big company. The latter can make the madness to make the madness and don't worry that the company's interests will be too much damage. However, the university principal not only does not have the right to dismiss advice, but also to do "big belly to accommodate the world", because of the first-class scholars, it is tend to live with the genius. Harvard University has a famous black professor Cornell West, is unique in terms of African-American research. This monk is multi-purpose, not only good at speech, performance, enthusiastic social activities, even the RAP music records of amateur hobbies are sold well. And he also loved together, and invited all the groups to see him, and fly to the mortar at home and abroad all day. Time has been naturally colded. At the beginning of Harvard, Lawrence Summers, I found many professors, this Jun is also asked. President Sai may also take a little bit of the legacy of the issuance of the issuance of the Minister of Finance. In the conversation, the President of Wester, the leader of the people, the leader of the people, the President and the RAP record of the RAP, I hope that he is more important to work, less Point. Who knows this to smash your honeycomb. Wester put him with the conversation of the President to the media, and immediately became the headline of many newspapers in the country. His best friend, Professor Anthony Apia, who is teaching at Harvard African American Research In order to expose protest, announced from Harvard, and prompting Princeton University; Witter is tight, and also arrived in Princeton. It is estimated that Professor Gates of the Department will also join Princeton soon. In this way, the African American Research Profession in Weizhen, Harvard, was colliled by a sentence of the President of Saha.
For the sake of the dead, the principal has to post a number of sorry statements, saying that he did not give Wester to wear a small shoe. This matter reminds me of 2002 due to Professor Nosden 's Nobel Prize winners in Princeton to China, plus a good dock "Beautiful Mind" to release a Nash fever in China. Presidents who are interested in establishing the world's first-class universities may ask themselves: If there is a talented madman in your school, dozens of meritoriously selling silly, it is still moving to you. Can you not know what he is recognized for the society because he doesn't know that the year will leave him, pay for him, and have a seat in the library? If you can't give a sure answer without hesitation, then I can guarantee that your university will never enter the world's first class.
Interestingly, the authority of professors from American universities sometimes brings themselves. For example, in almost all industries in the United States, labor contradictions are coordinated by unions, and the most important reason for trade unions is to protect the legitimate rights and interests of the labor. However, in 1980, the US Supreme Court stated in a ruling a university-related labor dispute (NLRB VS. Yeshiva University, 944 US 672), and the University professor belongs to "parties" or management of management, not labor because they are in daily colleges and universities. During the management and operation process, there is a decision with a series of major issues such as curriculum setting, academic standard, student admission, academic performance, and class-time arrangement, and current professors directly participate in the management process of new professors, hiring, and improvement. Therefore, According to the National Labor Relations ACT, the University professor is not eligible to enjoy the right of collective bargaining. The Supreme Court's ruling fundamentally rejected the probation of private colleges and universities to join the trade union, and any possibility of collective negotiations with the school, although the professor of public universities still retains certain rights concerned through the union and state councils. What is the consequences of the US union protection? For example, in the university, secretarial, cleaners, canteens can announce the strike in a school year, let the students who are busy exam can't eat, graduated from the students, and the garbage in the campus is not clean. In order to maintain normal teaching order, the school will generally make a compromise and promise to increase salary. Can you teach? Although many young professors are not as good as qualifications, because they are the school's "management", there is no organism to participate in the trade union, and there is no one to go to the School Directors and the State Government to fight for salary or benefits. . In the private university floating due to the rise of the school fund and private donation with the stock market, it will not rise to the economic weakness; if the consumer index continues to rise, it will not pay It is a salarish. The situation of public universities is not satisfactory. For example, the California University I have worked, the chairman of its school-owned board was held by the governor. Although California, although the world is rich, the enemy is expensive, the prison, the prison, and other social welfare undertakings will be huge, and the state finance is often incompetent, and it will come to a financial crisis every few years. At this time, the giant ax in the governor is always the first to cut the University of California. When the professor's salary is in zero growth or negative growth, the professor of the campus has never heard of the professor to hold a strike. It is not too unusual; Among them, in the middle of the people, it is difficult to understand.
Of course, it is ignorant, but I have never heard of which university professor announced the right to give up their homes. It is really no right to have no right in the university, in fact, it is not a professor who is lifelong or a lifelong, but a group of stealth people with a "part-time professor" title. These people usually have no election rights at the Professor Conference, from the discussion of the program, never show, even the annual Christmas party is not invited. The group has little existence when the Professor Rabbi proudly proudly said that professor is university.
However, in recent years, with the financially tightening of colleges and universities, employment of lifelong professors is high, plus professors who have achieved lifelong are not easy to manage, many colleges turn, adopt "perma-temps) professor position to fill by retirement or Automatically leave the venue. According to the statistics of the Federal Government Ministry of Education, from 1993 to 1998, 40% of American universities took measures to cut full-time lifelong teaching; one percent of the colleges and universities used "fixed part-time" to replace full-time life . Some community college part-time professors have reached 7%, eighty, and even more than 50% of part-time professors in New York University. Part-time professors are a complex group of ingredients. There are two cases. Many applying colleges or majors in order to expand students' eyes and knowledge, consciously employed successful people in the field of success, hoping that they can teach vocational skills outside of book knowledge while teaching professional courses, and use Their positions introduced the opportunities for students to employ in the future. Such part-time professors are particularly common in MBA, education management, public administration. For example, a well-known diplomatic school in Washington, Capital, using its geographical advantage, hiring many professional diplomats as part-time professors; the Motivation of my Brother Teachers College is not only like other professors to teach some lessons about methodology Instead, I hope that I will integrate my experience in the management of colleges and universities into education research methods, so that students who have already lived high-level students will use research to guide and improve their school management work.
The real "fixed part-time" (Perma-Temps) is not very comfortable in colleges and universities. For example, Professor B has "fixed part-time" for twenty years in a community college in the south of New Jersey. Although her English literature is deeply loved by students, she admits that she is not interested in academic research, so she is still good, and the hopping is also unable to find life. In the past 20 years, she earns a thousands of dollars per class, with less than 30,000 income, no medical, retirement or any other benefits. Since the school does not give part-time professors to configure the office, she passed such a label on her heart window to self-deprecating: "Part-time professor office". The 47-year-old C Professor has two ph.hrassics from Oxford University and Columbia University, and teaches teaches at Princeton University. The lifelong faculty of helpless philosophy is really unsupplied. A primary school is openly recruited, and I received 800 applications at once. Since C, C. C, I have been working as part-time professors in the city of New York, sitting on the train "catching the son" every day. He is a "road scholar", a "road scholar" in English and a famous academic award "Rhoelar).
It is said that the part-time professor in New York University in 2002 finally established the first part-time professor union in the US private university, thus creating a primary river in private university professors. However, it is not difficult to see that this union is established, not only does not improve the status of part-time professors in the university, but in the legal form, this knowledge group and secretary, cleaners, and canteen employees, etc., "Labor", etc. . In other words, the manager and the manager relationship between the managers and the managers in the "fixed part-time" part-time professor are legally understood.
I don't know whether the Professor of Liberi lives to today, in the face of his new principal, will it consider revising his famous declaration: "Mr. is only a lifelong professor is Columbia University."
