Development and future of HNC
Huang Zengyang
(Institute of Acacia, Chinese Academy of Sciences 100080)
1 Introduction: Advocating academic collision - and explore in linguistics
Super mathematics, super logic super collision mode
The fundamental meaning of academic exchanges is to trigger academic collisions, academic collisions are the fundamental power of scientific progress. The academic inevitable decline of collision, the impact of academic academics must prosper, this is the root cause of the development of East and Western science and technology to form a huge contrast. 500 years ago, the Western world began to pay attention to the social environment that would benefit academic collisions, and the Oriental world attaches not enough today. Whether it can reverse this situation is whether or not the East can be in the new century with the West and drive the first element, others are not the first.
The premise of mutual collision is mutual understanding. As far as HNC, the conditions with the two-way collision of the brothers need to be improved, because the "HNC theory" is very difficult to understand. Of course, it is difficult to understand that the HNC theory is difficult, but there is a certain correlation between the two. Accurate statement may be "HNC theory is not difficult to understand, but" HNC theory "is really difficult to understand." It is difficult to understand that it is truth and history, you can do not deserve it. The theory is difficult to understand, requiring remedies as soon as possible, otherwise, this seminar is difficult to completely reach the expected exchange purpose. Therefore, although the title of my report is adopted by the name "HNC theory's development and future", the focus is to make an easy-to-understand explanation of HNC theory. This is a very laborious thing, deeply feeling, and the effect may be counterproductive. But as a starter, it is not possible to make up the loss.
The name of this seminar is "HNC and Linguistics Research Symposium". Therefore, it is not possible to regard this seminar only as the first academic exchange between the first genre and the second geography of Mr. Xu Jialu, the first academic exchange between the second gestin, because the first flow sent to the second and third geography Linguistics, the first genre is just a branch of language information processing in linguistics. This branch is not strong enough in China. This seminar hopes to promote it more powerful, hoping that linguists who don't care or don't care about language information can give more attention in the future. Of course, this hope should not be expressed by me, please forgive me this kind of versatility. In fact, I want to say that the following two points: First, HNC may be able to provide some new vision and methods for the inspection and interpretation of language phenomena. Second, in various fields in the language contest mean the academic collisions of different genres, will provide new motivation for the development of HNC, and we have a hopes.
The academic collision is not a high-profile thing, from the example below, it can clearly see this collision. Everyone is familiar with the following two skewers - "Premier Zhou," Premier of the People "," Pull of Flowers on Tree ", the analytical ways taken by the first and second geography have a big difference.
The first genre will make this question:
Premier Zhou, who loves people = love (the people's week premiell)?
Premier Zhou Premier = (Love the People)?
He picking flowers on the tree = he is on the tree he picking flowers?
= Flower on the tree he picking flowers?
HNC puts a problem in another way:
Premier Zhou, who loves people => Love || People's Zhou Premier
"Love" is the global characteristic voice block EG?
Or is it partial characteristic language meaning EL? ("Love" is the leader of the dragon?)
Difficult point on the 2nd (EG / EL identification)
He abstracts on the tree => He || On the tree || Pick || Flower
"Picking" is a raffinate flower, abstract home, pick up the card, pick up the right hat
Which one of the "pick"?
Is it difficult at No. 1 (multiple class code difficulties)
"On the tree" = conditional subjects CN2
Obviously, the two geography is the same focus on the focus of the first sense string, but there is a big difference in interpretation; the second sense string is completely different. The difference in focus is different from the "position" of the two, the first genre is standing in the "people-oriented" position, and the HNC is standing in the "computer-based" position. Differences in the interpretation method are different from the "viewpoint, method" of the two, and the first genre is based on the "subject of the Benn" as the basic analysis tool, and the generation of the synthesis tree is the basic goal of the statement analysis; and HNC is semantic The block and sentence class represents the basic analysis tool, which makes the identification and semantic block of the sentence class, and the basic target of the statement understanding. Standing in "People-oriented" position, the traditional interpretation method of "speaking in words" is the meaning of Tianjing, there is no change; standing in the "computer-oriented" position, the traditional interpretation is considered to be inequal, at least If there is serious defect, it must be changed. According to the view of the syntax tree, the composition of the tree represents an understanding of the statement; according to the view of the HNC, the concept of the concept of the concept of Lenovo, the formation of the concept of the semantic block represents the basic understanding of the statement. Insuspell, the difference between the two gestures is huge. However, it should also be seen that the two are different from the position and views, not the "class struggle" you die, but can take each other and short-term academic collisions. Because "people-oriented" and "computer-oriented" are not poor water, both need to use the fundamental principle of "known to explain unknown". The syntax tree and sentence explicit are not an incompatible water. The two are actually assembled in accordance with their own standards, although the overall way of assembly is very different, but some local assembled "crafts" and "" Tips are not to learn from each other. How big is this potential in this area, and it is difficult to make accurate judgment without mutual collision.
The above collision is just a collision between two gestures in the linguistics, compared to a comprehensive collision required by the Linguistics Institute, just a small partial collision. Perhaps it may be said that in all academic fields, contemporary linguistics research can collide with the wide and collision cremation of the cremation is unique. It is the king of the well-deserved academic collision. The specific performance is the three "supernatural" ".
Super mathematics "super" has two layers, one is that the expression of language phenomena should be integrated into the deterministic mode of mathematics, but it is impossible to be included, and the second means that the so-called "mathematical deterministic loss" crisis may not be from language Inspiration and even find out the way in the exploration of certainty. Therefore, the combination of linguistics and current mathematics should seek a certain "supernatural" way.
Super logic "Super" is similar to the "super" of supermarket, one means that the statement states should try to include the scope of logical propositions, but it is not possible to be included. Second, the causal relationship between language description cannot be transformed into logical interpretation. Therefore, the combination of language and modern mathematical logic should also seek a certain "supernatural" way.
The super collision "super" also has two words. One means that the type of collision is not a simple collision of humanities and natural sciences (such as economics using mathematical methods, history of astronomy, etc.), but A super collision that can be cremated in the basic concept and the basic method. Second, means that the scope of collision is not an individual field of natural science, but involve many basic fields of literary staff.
Two "supernatural" mode, talk below. As for the three "super", it is actually the summary of the Western scholars' opinions, such opinions are not very easy to hear in China, because some people are too love to follow the mainstream, regardless of the mainstream. " However, outside the mainstream is not equal to the abdomen evil, suppressing is wrong. Since the organizers of this seminar advocate academic collision, I have the courage to say the above, and put it as the introduction title.
2, HNC only studies the understanding process of natural language
The HNC Theory is a theory of language concept space, but it only studies part of this space, that is, the characteristics related to the understanding of the natural language, which is the basic positioning of HNC on its own research.
Language concept space is a subspace in human concept space, corresponding to natural language space.
Language concept space has the first-bit identity (common) and second bit (personality), which can assume that humans have a common language concept space. On the other hand, humans have a lot of natural language space. However, a variety of language space is an external manifestation of the same language concept space, and there is a relationship between the natural language space and the language concept space to map or mutual conversion. If we call the conversion from the natural language space to the language concept space, the conversion of language concept space to natural language space is called reverse mapping, then obviously, mapping is a natural language understanding process, and reverse mapping is the generation process of natural language. . Whether the study of language phenomena should distinguish these two different processes? HNC believes that this distinction is not only necessary, even critical. Any phenomenon or process, when there is a positive opposite side of the duplicate feature, such as transformation and anti-transformation in mathematics, fission and fracture in physics, the coding and decoding in communication, both of the opposes The study is studied, one of the basic laws of scientific research, and the research on language phenomena should also follow this principle.
The HNC theory only studies the language understanding process, and the language generation process is intentionally avoided. why? The language is too complicated, and it is impossible to "bother to work". The initial conversion of Mr. Jumski generates syntax theory. Some people think it is a negligent or defect that it is separated from semantics. In fact, this is the mismuth of Mr. Joe. The purpose of this theory is to use only the language generation process, avoiding the language understanding process. Of course, these two processes cannot be cut off, and the two processes must also have complementaryness because both are constructed by the same "head boss" thinking process. However, these two processes have finally different differences. If they do not distinguish, they will adversely affect the overall ideas and strategies of natural language research. In particular, "computer-oriented" computational linguistics seem to have to pay more attention to this distinction, and from this angle to its own research history process necessary.
The existence of language concept space is a very complicated issue, involving the fundamental mystery of brain or thinking. But must assume the existence of the language concept space, otherwise the language of language understanding will fall into the dilemma of passive water. Therefore, the HNC theory is basically assumed in this existence. Mr. Hegel has said that "the beginning of philosophy is a hypothesis", the HNC theory believes that research on language essentials must be presented as the beginning.
The conceptual space of human beings is constantly evolving, and language concept space is also growing. However, during the long history of Cartesol and Newton, the development of both is very slow. In the promotion of these two historical giants, human concept space has achieved rapid development, but the language concept of this sub-space is still.
If the concept space is considered as the "processing plant" of human rational understanding, then this "processing plant" concept "processing" ability, modern and ancient american, what is the reason? But the "processing" capability of language concept space has not changed, what is the reason?
The first question can be said to be the theme of the philosophical exploration of Cartes, Newton, thus promoting the philosophical research itself from the historical transformation of the understanding of the understanding, and has achieved brilliant results. The second question should be said in the 19-20th century, it also caused the extensive attention and thinking of philosophers, and promoted the birth of language philosophy, but unfortunate is not effective.
One of the important results of the first exploration is the birth of symbolic, and Mr. Saussia, which is known as the father of modern linguistics, is also one of the founders of symbolics. The giants of natural science have found a series of unprecedented symbolic systems, through these symbolic systems, people's regularity, even for the product of human abstract thinking, can give scientific expression. This is the background of symbolic formation. The essence of symbolics may be in such a sentence, that is: the symbol of science is scientific life cells. In the 20th century, the philosophers who have built trees in the 20th century, almost every from the viewpoint of symbolics, but their inspection is only limited to the general characteristics of the natural language symbol system itself, and it is not possible to rise to the symbol. The height of "". Theoretical exploration of natural scientists should be generally in this height.
There are two meanings of the natural language symbolic system, one is to abstract the language (the language itself is abstraction of real space), which should be said that this is the most important basic study in language concept spatial research. The second is to form the natural language symbol system, to abandon the arbitrary principles of the natural language symbolic system (this is one of the basic language principles of Sushor's very emphasized), and the inventory is based on the principle of relevance. Standing in the "computer-based" position, these two studies are especially critical to language understanding. But in the face of the infiniteness of the language, the language circles are confused, and there are many discussion, and the reference is a relatively representative discussion.
Assume that all expressions of language L make up W = {E1, E2, ..., en, ...},
How to determine the finger of each EI u = {m1, m2, ..., mn, ...}?
How to determine the relationship between EI and each Mi, that is, how to determine the mapping method (E) R (M),
Make W to U and make U mated W?
......
However, the representation of the members of W is more varied, even else. Because we don't
I know which basic units in U, I don't know what composite units, so we
I don't know if u is a collected, and I don't even know how to list each member of U and
The member of U should use what way it will be represented.
In domestic theoretical language papers, it should be relatively rare like this. However, the author talked about 4 (actually 5) "Don't know" in the language "I'm going to change", and then I have neither reviewing many pioneers for "I know". " Exploration, there is no further argument why "can't know", as a papers in the 1990s, can not be said to be a bit behind the era.
The citation W and u are the natural language space and language concept space mentioned in this article, "making W to U" is the "Symbolizing the Natural Language Symbol System". It is worth noting that the "L of the full expression" and "all EI" refers to the finger of the "L of the EI". As far as the laws themselves, it is fully compliant with the standards of language philosophy, but it is the root of pessimism. The first proposed method is not conducive to the establishment of "Mapping Rules (E) R (M)", because each breaking strategy must be taken when establishing these laws, and cannot cut "all" one knife. The second proposed method is not conducive to bidirectional thinking, why only consider "referring to" instead of "anti-finger"? "Make u mated W" is not "anti-finger"! In fact, the research referred to "is mainly a summary process, and the research on" reverse "is mainly a deduction process, and the five" do not know "said by the author will be summarized and interpreted. The analysis is closely combined with a comprehensive method.
About the methodological instructions of language understanding process research, I can here, but the famous American psychologist Li Hao's "fox" and "hedge", I think it is worth introducing here because it is for linguistics. Collision research can provide some useful enlightenment. Mr. Li Hao is as follows: Ancient Greek poet, Achilo, said: "The fox knows a lot of things, and the hedgehog only knows an important thing." The outstanding thought History Bellolin has expressed his views of the other sore for writers and ideas in this day. Generally speaking, this profound difference may also be present. There is a distinguishing between the two, on the one hand, "hedgehog" loves everything with a single central concept, according to this single universal organizational principle, their existence and everything they say; On the other hand, "fox" is pursuing a variety of goals, which often or has no contact or contradictory, even if there is a connection, it is just an incident connection.
Mr. RORTY distinguished "large P" and "small P" philosophy in "Philosophy and the Mirror Of Nature" book. "Big P" philosopher is the "hedgehog" of the philosophy. They are ambitiously wanting to make philosophy into the primary principles and basic principles of all other disciplines, providing scientists and humanists. The main principle of constructing the theory. On the contrary, "small P" philosophers are the "fox" of the philosopher community. They criticize their thoughts in the era, put forward the inspirated and guided tour of them, but does not provide their own point of view, because They think that there is no basic view. Therefore, the ideal country Plato is a rationalist "hedgehog" is a "big P" philosopher; and his teacher Socrates, the cowhoe on the hips is like a "fox" It is a "small P" philosopher.
Li Hao "Psychology History" second edition preamble
The purpose of this paragraph is to explain that there is also a "big L" linguist and "small L" linguist. The current situation is "small L" language seems to have too much, more importantly, we need "big L" and "small L" contest. Through the introduction of "super" collision, such linguists will gradually grow, and this seminar will play "gain" role.
(Fail)
