P2P, PEER TO PEER, called peer connection or peer network, P2P technology mainly refers to information control technology after the hardware forms a connection, its representative form is software.
technical background
P2P originated from the initial networking communication method, such as interconnected by local area network, and different buildings interconnected through the MODEM remote dialing. The communication model established on the TCP / IP protocol constitutes the foundation of today's Internet, so from the basic technical point of view, P2P is not new technologies, but a new application technology model.
Today, P2P once again is focused mainly by Napster and ICQ software, although the study of P2P mode before NAPSTER has never stopped.
Now the Internet is based on the application mode of S (Server) / B (Browser) or S / C (Client) structure, such an application must set a server in the network, and the information can be passed through the server. Information or first upload it to the server to save, then download (such as a website), or the information is delivered on the server to deliver flow (such as email) on the network.
PCs (or operators who have Napster and ICQ software "can now choose another PC (or operator) that has another PC (or operator) that has such software forms an interconnection (direct connection, not passing the server), and the parties share resources, and cooperate with some kind. action. The equipment and users with the same P2P software can also form a P2P private network for themselves on the Internet.
status quo
1. Representative R & D products and technology
(1) Instant communication software for ICQ classes. Two or more users use text, voice, or files to communicate, quickly, directly, and easy to communicate with non-PC network devices such as PDAs, mobile phones, and they can discriminate users without relying on the device. Since the use of P2P technology can weaken or even get rid of the dependence on the central server, such communication is closer to the non-Internet communication mode.
(2) Farsite (Microsoft), Ocean Store Class Data Storage Software. Used to disperse storage in the network without being placed on a dedicated server now. This reduces the server burden, increasing the reliability and transmission speed of the data.
(3) NAPSTER class software. Implement data sharing, users can download and upload files directly from any PC that installs the same software instead of from the server. Users can retrieve, copy shared files. Software automatically discovers the latest file list, publisher does not have to worry about issuing issues.
(4) INFRASEARCH, POINTERA class data search and query software. Used to complete information retrieval in the P2P network. Once the P2P private network is formed, the data search on which the data in the Internet is now different, and must be considered to be dynamically collecting the contents of each peer in the current P2P network, and to pass through the user. A considerable number of P2P network users is different, the line, dial, broadband, narrow tape will encounter; the time of the network can be 24 hours, and the other is entirely only only dozens of minutes; the operating system used is not It must be the same.
(5) NetBatch (Intel) class co-calculation software. Accompanied by 10,000 PCs, using their idle time for collaborative calculations, complete supercoded amounts of work (such as spatial detection, molecular biological calculation, chip design).
(6) Groove data or action collaborative software. It is a P2P-connected software tool that can establish a secure enterprise-class collaborative work platform (P2P network), providing interactive information communication on the supply and demand information chain, such as goods catalog, inventory and delivery list, helping users for distribution channels Maintenance, customer service and support.
(7) Game software. In fact, many online games are in P2P, especially those and multiplayer games. 2. Organization and standard
At present, the official P2P organization has not been established. The P2P Working Group established in August 2000, members include companies such as Intel, IBM, HP, and the target concentrate on the standard, security and reliability of P2P technology. However, since the P2P technology itself develops rapidly, the scope of P2P technology covers has not yet been determined, and there is no uniform specification.
development of
Key technology
P2P is a new application technique based on an Internet environment, mainly for software technology.
(1) For many computers on the Internet, P2P applications should be more considering those low-end PC interconnections than other applications, and they do not have the network capabilities as the server, and for previous P2P application technology, the current hardware environment is more Complex, in this communication basis, P2P must provide end-to-end positioning (addressing) and handshake technology on existing hardware logic and undercurrent communication protocols to establish a stable connection. The techniques involved include IP address analysis, NAT routing and firewall.
(2) On the application level, if the two peers represent two different companies, they have been connected via the Internet, then the information must be identified for the other party, so the current Internet regarding the data description and exchange of data on the Internet. Agreement, such as XML, SOAP, UDDI, etc. are all perfect P2P software.
(3) There is a security guarantee, and encryption technology must be considered.
(4) How to set up a central server, how to control network size, etc.
2. Comparison of P2P Technology and Existing Internet Technology
At present, the main technical model of the Internet is S / C mode. In this way, high-performance computers with powerful processing power and large bandwidth are set on the Internet, with high-end server software, and store a large amount of data set above, and to install diverse The service software, which can serve other PCs on the Internet while centralized processing data, providing or receiving data, providing processing capabilities and other applications. This PC is a client for a PC that is online and accepted, this PC is a client. Its performance can be relatively weak. One of the features of P2P technology is to weaken the role of the server, and even cancel the server, any two PCs are connected to each other, and it is a client, ie, right. The right side is some comparison of P2P and S / C mode:
S / C mode causes the concentration on the Internet, regardless of the information resources or cost resources, such modes, in line with a pair, strong social relationship, such as the government to individuals, large enterprises Small enterprises, schools have the relationship between students, and businesses. So S / C mode is in line with market demand. The P2P mode will result in the number of information, and the cost resource is evenly distributed to the Internet, that is, the so-called "marginalization" trend. This mode is in line with the "one-to-one" characteristics, as well as comparable social relationships, such as individuals, equivalent companies, etc., etc., this is also in line with market demand (such as ICQ). So these two ways will coexist, and the P2P is about to replace S / C mode is not established. P2P has its own unique market space, which is a supplement to existing Internet applications. This should be no doubt.
3. P2P technical characteristics
(1) It is both S again C, how to manifest it depends on the user's requirements, and the network application is freely driven by the user.
(2) Information is directly flowing between network devices, high-speed and timely, reduced transit service costs.
(3) The basis and application constitutes the interaction between network equipment.
(4) When the network information is dispersed, the P2P device of the same characteristics can constitute a subnet existing in the Internet of the Internet, so that the information is again concentrated in a new way.
Corporate application
Applying P2P technology Internet products are quickly opening up a new Internet application market. For example, instant information tools for ICQ classes not only created a huge market, but also expanded outwardly, such as in mobile communication markets, ICQ products. Information format (support for text, language) and instantity, can add information content (text, picture) and communication objects for regular communication (online ICQ users). On the other hand, the use of ICQ will also give part users to Email, eroding the Email market. NAPSTER class file sharing P2P products open a new way to spread online files, users can not only search and download this operation, but also conveniently provide their own files to other users, but have basic two-way communication.
Since the P2P technical solution is different from the characteristics of the S / C mode, it can make up for the shortcoming of S / C mode, and the P2P product will establish a new application model on the Internet. At this time, the user is installed in the PC, but also a browser in the PC. And there are several P2P software to achieve new Internet applications.
For example, a computer accessory dealer can pass the Email or browser (if the other party also passes information through P2P technology, you can also use P2P software) to obtain the latest product information and prices in the upstream manufacturers, study this information, and implement order matters. After that, start P2P software, publish new products and prices to important customers' P2P liaison stations, one of the users who are not online also knows this message through mobile phones. Soon, the dealer will receive online inquiry of the customer, and the dealer answers the problem online to this customer. All the operations are through the Internet, and the object is a factory person or a customer, not its website or email, which truly use the Internet to face-to-face communication, closer to the interpersonal communication habit of the real society.
1. Several focus on enterprise P2P Internet applications
(1) Enterprise collaboration
Corporate collaboration includes two major aspects, one is the synergy between employees and employees, department and department, staff and sectors, regardless of the department and employee office, as long as there is a network, both parties have information communication requirements, You can use the P2P software to coordinate the behavior of both parties. The purpose of information is a variety of diverse, such as schedule, notification publishing, document approval, documentation and distribution, program evaluation (vote), plan coordination, etc. These can be expressed by electronic files Expressed by software and link the user with this. P2P applications are more applicable to some of which require users to interact, such as plan coordination, schedule, etc. Second, the behavior between enterprises and businesses, the diversity and complexity of this collaborative interaction is higher than the interior of the enterprise. From a simple meeting schedule, document trading, inquiry ordering system, order tracking, electronic transaction.
(2) Enterprise portal
The new enterprise portal will no longer be implemented in a website. It not only integrates services for internal employees or departments of the enterprise, but also serves corporate partners and users, but also the management of corporate managers understand the operation of enterprises, regulating the management of enterprises. tool. The operation of each part of the enterprise can be passed to the user who allows access to related information. Managers can master the company's dynamics, regulate the operation of the company, and directly to the lower leaders to establish communication. Partners or customers within the company's internal employees or customers can find related people (staff) through this platform, establish such information exchange channels, achieving different collaborative objectives. This will integrate S / C technology and P2P technology, and the P2P section will implement information orientation push, real-time communication, and data interaction.
(3) P2P cluster and VPN
The P2P application built on the Internet is no longer limited to two points, which can be extended to a multi-point cluster to form a virtual subnet in the Internet to form a streamlined VPN. In this way, by relatively simple, it is only the operation of the P2P user software, and the user can actively select different VPNs and joined, and the different VPNs are also present in the Internet. Personalization, specialization is also an emergence of open (Internet) VPN, so that the concentration and flow of information is closer to the information flow of the real society, it is more likely to be accepted by people. For example, people who love music have established their own music VPN, which is good at programming designers can build their programmers VPN, and for corporate, industry, and channelized organizations finally have a convenient way to settle up on the Internet. It is expected that the industry's directory service, the information service will be quickly emerging in this way, and a good foundation for enterprise e-commerce. (4) Human machine remote interaction and machine interaction
Remote monitoring and commissioning has been used in many industrial situations, and even some scenarios running through the website, but website methods are unacceptable to users in speed and interactivity. The P2P program has opened up new heavensh and earth for this application, using it, a boiler manufacturer can help its customers to regulate their boiler's operation, and we can also use mobile phones to open the air conditioners in home in advance.
(5) Broadband network and wireless mobile network application
When the bandwidth reaches the capacity of the data stream, such as real-time audio, real-time video, people look forward to a long-awaited network application will appear in front of it. It is specially available in P2P technology that can meet the interaction needs. There will be a new application of P2P technology to enterprises. In fact, ICQ has begun to apply on mobile phone text messages as P2P technology.
2. Market characteristics of enterprises P2P Internet applications
(1) Composition part of the company's B2B e-commerce content.
(2) Promote the establishment of new Internet data exchange standards and data security models.
(3) Causes the application of a new generation of Internet, the bottom layer structure platform can be established.
(4) A domainized market segmentation - has the same starting point as the Internet heat in the previous period, and will establish communities in the relevant industry.
(5) Have a more clear profit model. Since the P2P product is no longer like the S / C mode, only the browser is used only, but the use of the specialty client software, and the software's use requires the manufacturer's direct support, the user is easy to understand.
(6) Backward products and technology can integrate into the enterprise internal information management market, which can enter the enterprise external e-commerce market.
3. Estimate product form
(1) Basic development platform and special application software.
(2) Software engineering. I do it for the company.
(3) Software service. Rent software features to enterprise usage and information services.
Table P2P Technology Comparison of Internet Technology
P2PS / C data release good data reception in good data interactivity good data instantity (transmission speed) good data security Data update good data quality (value) in good data coverage and quantity (value) is good Data cost control is different from poor data management
