Developing China's software industry, improving my country's information industry, especially software industries, has always been a question of people's attention. To this end, whether leadership is also an expert scholar, everyone has published a lot of good advice. But we feel that there is still a problem that there is not enough attention, which is how to improve the software production process, and how to make the software production process itself standardize. In the past, we used only to pay attention to the standardization of the product itself, but ignored the standardization of the product production process.
First, CMM has become the core of development software industry
The software production capacity maturation model, that is, CMM (reameled SW-CMM) model is currently the most popular and most practical software production process standard, has been recognized by many national software industry, and has become the scale of today An indispensable content of software production.
It is well known that we are in a fierce era of global competition, including the information system to have a pivotive significance for the survival and development of various enterprises and the enterprise group. In this way, the development of the enterprise information system has put forward more stringent and demanding requirements. For example, the information system required to be developed can meet the needs of corporate strategic decisions, including shortening the development cycle, increasing development efficiency, and expanding elements of achieving development strategy. This is the diversification and complication of the information system, including the diversification and complexity of the needs, as well as the rapid progress of information technology. All of this has made higher requirements for the development and management of information systems. How to solve these increasingly complex topics, the conclusion is that it is necessary to implement the change of software development and production organizations, realize the standardization of software development, improve software production efficiency, and truly implement software industrialization. Therefore, research, discussion, and practical CMM models and their implementation methods are both necessary, and in the development trend of current information industry.
Since the 70s, since the software crisis, the academic and corporations have poured a lot of human, financial and material research on software engineering environments, tools and technologies, have also achieved many results in many years. But in a fact that a fact is that software development and production is not as good. Taking my country as an example, there are many kinds of software tools, development environment, etc. invested in my country in recent years, have a large number of small, costly, cost of billions of dollars. However, for various reasons, my country's software development, especially true production capacity is still very poor, which is obviously an indisputable fact. The reasons are gradually accepted different from previous concepts: a company's software capabilities depends more depending on the process of the company, especially in software development and production. The more mature the industry process, the more guaranteed the software production capacity. In fact, technology or tools are not the first.
Second, CMM core content
In the CMM model and its practice, the process capacity of the company is considered as a key factor. The so-called process capacity refers to the mandatory of transparency, standardization and operation of the process itself engaged in software development and production. In this way, the lessons learned in software development and production process can become a nutrition that can be used and learned in the future, and the maturity of software production can be improved.
In order to speed up the improvement of software enterprises, we must use the existing software engineering results. During software development, some key process domains (KPAs) can be identified as a measure of certain CMM model methods based on the development of software engineering decades. Using the achievements of the past software engineering development, we will focus on the implementation of these key process, and will effectively establish a process to speed up the improvement of software enterprises.
In order to make full use of the resulting software engineering results, SW-CMM provides a framework for improved process based on all software engineering results in the past. This framework is independent of the software survival cycle, and it is also independent of the development technology used. According to the internal specific software process of the company, it can greatly improve the capacity of the company's time and cost to submit a quality assurance software product. .
Third, CMM use
In the process of software development and production, whether the CMM model is a crucial core issue. In general, the CMM model is divided into five grades based on the conceptual maturation concept. From the second level, each level contains different KPAs, each KPA has a clear implementation goal and defines a corresponding key implementation activity according to the public property category. The following is a brief introduction to these five phases: (1) Software development in the enterprise is basically in the early personal manual development phase, this level is the starting level, there is no special request, just an evolutionary starting point.
(2) Preliminary formation of software development and production is developed according to software engineering, and part of the project management is a module that can be reused.
(3) In the software enterprise, the department-level standards are initially formed and training within the department.
(4) In software companies, departmental standards are the basis for quantitative management.
(5) On the basis of the above steps, the optimization of the management of the entire software company is achieved. The fifth level is the highest level of evolution.
In terms of effect, in the above different stages, software development and production have a completely different effects to software companies. From the first stage to the fifth stage, software development and production plan accuracy is getting higher and higher, and the production cycle of each unit is getting shorter, and the cost per unit project is getting lower. Take Raytheon as an example, the company has nearly 400 software developers. The company used it for nearly five years, and its maturity was raised from the first level to the third level, and the obvious effect has been received. In order to improve to a higher level, the investment and five years of investment and five years have been increased by 1:8 due to cost reduction, and the direct production efficiency has increased by about 14 times. The products developed by the company were about 0.31, and only 0.03 were only 0.03 after the increase was increased.
Improve software development and production maturity, allowing new technologies to receive better and faster results. This is mainly because software maturity practices based on CMM models requires more standardized development standards and methods to use more scientific and accurate metrics, and choose to facilitate management and use. All of this has created the reconstructed, decomposable and optimization of the entire project, further clarifying the necessary and unnecessary work across the project, clarifying the risk of the entire project, and the indicators for assessing at various stages Emergency measures. In addition, CMM is not only applied to software development organizations, which can also be used as a basis for authentication tools and users to evaluate whether a company reaches the required capabilities.
Fourth, CMM provides an opportunity for my country's development software industry
According to the research report conducted by the University of Carnegie Mellon University, even if the software companies in the United States truly reached the two levels, it is less than 5%, and the proportion is less than 5%, and it is not enough to standardize Japanese companies that are less than 10%. It can be seen that the implementation of CMM is far away. In addition, in this specific issue, we are currently not too big to grow with developed countries. This has been catching up with developed countries as soon as possible in this field, and has created an opportunity in the forefront of the world. In order to solve the old problems that my country's software companies develop and produce high-quality efficiency, the development of my country's software industry has found a breakthrough.
The CMM model theory and the CMM model and its application of the Software Engineering Institute of Carnegie Mellon, Mellon University, and their applications have begun since the mid-1980s, and the research results were officially published in the early 1990s. At present, this results have been widely used in countries and regions such as North America, Europe and Japan, and become an industrial standard for the fact that in fact software process improvement.
Taking our neighbor Japan and South Korea as an example, their number of large information technology backbone companies have adopted CMM models and their relevant standards. Japan Fujitsu has developed SDEM (Software Development Engineering Methodology) -90 standard according to the CMM model and its related standards. According to ISO's actual evaluation, this standard is not only fully compliant with ISO9000, but also exceeds international standards. More importantly, corporate standards like SDEM - 90 have become a shortcut and only way to improve software production efficiency and organize a large-scale professional production. It is reported that some Indian companies have also passed SW-CMM5 level certification, whereby the gap between China and Indian software industry can also be seen. The reason why I introduce you to the concept and practice of CMM, mainly to send software companies hoped in my country. We sincerely hope that my country's software companies under further supporting, laid-scale, standardized roads, seize opportunities, greet challenges, and become a new growth point of my country's national economy, making it more in my country's information industry. Great contribution.
