How to Become a HACKER
How to become a hacker (reproduced)
This is a good problem, not just the original author, he has asked many times, including me and many friends on the network often have this trouble. However, the author is different, I often don't have a fixed answer: P In fact, I can provide it is only my own experience, but there is not enough ability to affirm my own views is correct. This article should be able to lose a lot of trouble :)
Ok! ! This self-ended is brave and translated. Although it is bored after the place where I have returned to live in the evening, it can be used to send time. However, after I turned all over the line, the more I repented it. Mainly because there are some sentences to translate, this is probably because my English is not very good! ! It's hard to finish it. In order to let the sentences are more smooth or misunderstood, after translation and the original text, please give great forgiveness :-)
Thinker ------------------------------------------------- ------------------------ How to become a HACKER
Why have this document?
As the editor of Jargon File, there are often some network newcomers to ask me "how to become a powerful Hacker?". But, very strange, there seems to be no FAQS or Web Documents means such an important issue, so I wrote a view of my own.
If you are looking at this file in the way, you can find this file in "http://www.ccil.org/~esr/faqs/hac-howto.html". The latest version.
How is it a HACKER?
In Jargon File has a bunch of definitions about `Hacker ', most people must be technically hipster or keen to solve the problem, overcome the restriction. However, if you want to know how to become a Hacker, two things are very relevant.
This can be traced back to the first MINICOMPUTER, and the ARPANET experiment has just started. At that time, there was a cultural ethnic group composed of programming experts and network celebrities. Members of this culture have created this noun `Hacker '. These HACKERs have built an Internet to create the UNIX operating system we use, and they also make Usenet and let World Wide Web move. If you are part of this culture, if you offer these, other members of this culture also know you, and call you HACKER, then you are a Hacker.
In spirit, Hacker is not only a culture of this software HACKER. Some people also play the characteristics of Hacker in other areas, such as electronics or music. In fact, you will find that in any of the highest realm of science or art, you can find the characteristics of Hacker. Software Hackers believe that those similar spirit can also be called "Hacker". Some people also advocate that HACKER's library is independent of any medium, not particularly the environment where Hacker is located. However, in this document, we will focus on the tradition of the skills, attitudes, and inventions `Hacker 'required by software Hacker.
In another group, their members also called themselves for Hacker, but they are not true Hacker. These people (most of the male youth) specialize in computers and invasive telephone systems, and the real Hacker calls them to `Cracker 'and don't want to do anything in some things. Hacker believes that these people are lazy, not responsible, and not bright enough, and think that it can crack the safety system and cannot make you a Hacker. But unfortunately, many reporters and writers are unknown to use `Hacker 'this word to describe Crackers; this makes real Hacker very angry. Basically, the most important difference between Hacker and Cracker is: Hacker creates new things, Crackers destroy.
If you want to be a Hacker, continue to read. If you want to be a Cracker, then read Alt.2600 NewsGroup and prepare to give yourself a little time when you find yourself. All things about CRACKER are only these.
Hacker attitude
Hacker solves the problem and creates new things, they believe in freedom and voluntarily help each other. If you want to be accepted by others, you must have this attitude from the heart. In order to show this attitude, you must fully agree with these attitudes.
If you just treat this hacker attitude as a way to win the recognition in this culture, then you have a true focus. Sincerely accept these attitudes, this can help you learn and maintain your motivation. Just like the creative art, it is the most effective way to become a master is to learn the spirit of the masters; not just learning knowledge and emotions.
So, if you want to be a Hacker, please repeatedly do the following things until you complete them:
1. This world is full of charming problems in solving
As a Hacker is full of happiness, this is a happiness that is brought about by effort. The results of the efforts are moved. The motivation of successful sakes comes from, making their body evolve, and push themselves to the happiness brought by physical limits. Similar situations, to be a Hacker, you must be able to feel an inclusion from the process of solving problems, refining technology, and use knowledge.
If you are not born, you can feel this kind of incitement. So, in order to become Hacker, you must make yourself into such a person. Otherwise, you will find that your Hacking Energy will be like sex, money, and social activities, because of the separation, because of the distraction.
(You must also create a belief for your learning ability until you have completed your work - even if you only deal with a small part, and you don't know what you have to learn, you have something to solve your Question, but you will work hard to prepare enough to meet the next question.)
2. No one must have repeatedly solve the same problem
Creative mind is a valuable and limited resource. There are so many fascinating new issues waiting to be resolved. Therefore, the created mind should not be wasted to repeat the inventive wheel.
As a HACKER, you must understand that other Hacker's time is also very valuable - So, share information, solve problems, and provide solutions to other Hacker to solve new problems, these are almost moral responsibilities.
(Even if Hacker has from other Hacker's body, this is not to say that you must pay all your work, you can sell enough products, for the warmth, pay the rent And buy computer equipment, this and Hacker's values are not contrary. Use your Hacking skills to supply a family life, even get rich, as long as you still don't forget you is a Hacker, then these behaviors do not produce Shield.) 3. Bored and monotonous work is harmful
Hacker (like creative people) will never do some boring and monotonous and stupid repetitive work. Because, if such things happen, this means they are doing something that is not what they should do - solve new problems. Such waste is a kind of harm to anyone. The jobless and monotonous work is not just boring, and it is a harmful substance.
To be a HACKER, you must automatically avoid boring, you must have a considerable cognition for this. This is not just for yourself, but also for all people (especially other Hackers).
(This has some exceptions. Sometimes Hacker will do some work that is considered bored or repeated, as a training, or to learn some skill or a special experience you have no. But this is One choice, anyone should not be forced to face boring things.)
4. Freedom is good
Hacker is naturally opposed to dictatorship. Anyone who gives you a command can give you a single-print job, and you can give you some stupid reasons, stop you solving any questions attracting you. So any unprint of behavior will be challenged to avoid you and other Hackers.
(This is against opposition, it is different, and children need to be guided and stopped. The HACK will agree to accept some authority, according to the indication to get what he wants to get in a short time. But that is one Limited and rational agreement; ...)
Individually active methods in monitoring and confidentiality. These people do not believe in voluntary cooperation and information sharing - they only believe in the relationship between their partnerships. So, as a Hacker, you will have an enemy nature to fight against monitoring, secrets, and use external forces or confused people who can trust. You must use mutual trust as your basis for your behavior.
5. Attitude is not an inequality
To become a HACKER, you must start cultivating these attitudes. However, if you just simulate a certain attitude, this doesn't make you a real HACKER, nor will you become a sports champion or rock star.
Therefore, you must learn to suspect attitude and respect for a variety of capabilities. Hacker will not waste time on a virtual person, they respect the ability - especially the ability to be HACKER, but the ability to make other aspects is also full of respect. If you have the ability to pursue some technologies that can understand, pursue spiritual skills, and concentrate on the spirit, then it is better.
If you respect all kinds of ability, you will be happy to develop these capabilities - this will make efforts and dedication to become a stunning pastime rather than a bitter thing. This is important for people who want to become Hacker.
Basic skills required for Hacker
Hacker's mental attitude is very important, but technology is important. Although Hacker's attitude is unsubstituted, but in front of the dream, some basic tools and technologies are essential.
With the invention of the invention and old technologies, these tools are slowly changed over time. For example: I will always learn to write the program until we start using HTML recently. However, in the end of 1996, the tools mentioned below were significantly required: 1. Learning program design
Of course, this is the foundation of Hacking skills. In 1997, it would be granted, you must learn C. However, if you just learn a language, then you can't be a Hacker, can't afford to be a programer. In addition, you must learn to learn the problem of a program design with a general concept independent of any programming language. To become a real HACKER, you have to learn the manual content and your current association with you in a few days. That is, you will learn to learn a few different languages.
In addition to C, you should at least LISP or Perl (Java is working hard); the translator Note: I doubt this list: P). In addition to several important Hacking common languages, these languages provide some different programming channels and let you learn in a good method.
Programming is a complex technology, I have no discrimination to provide a complete learning step. But I can tell you something in the book and the class (there are many, almost all of the best Hackers are self-study). (A) Read the program code and (b) writer, which is a good method.
Learning writing is like learning a good natural language, the best way is to see some experts written, then write some of your own things, then read more, write more. . . Then continue, until you develop a style and feature of your own.
It is a very difficult thing to find a good program code, because, for the rookie Hacker, the number of SOURCEs suitable for their reading and effort is very small. But this is a dramatic change; now the free supply software, program design tools and operating systems (mostly public offerings, and all are written by Hacker) everywhere. Go to the next topic. . .
2. Get a free Unix and learn to use and maintain
I first assume that you have a personal computer or you can use anything (now the child is really happy, so it is easy to have :-). The first step of getting HACKER tips is to get a Linux or a free BSD-UNIX and install it in its own machine and make it smooth.
That's right, in addition to UNIX in this world, there are other operating systems. But they only offer Bianry, you can't see their program code, you can't modify them. If you want to start hacking in DOS or Windows or MacOS, you will undoubtedly you want you to be tied to a shackles.
In addition, UNIX is an operating system on the Internet. When you learn to use the Internet without understanding UNIX, you have no discrimination to become the Hacker of the Internet without understanding UNIX. Because of this original, the current Hacker culture is still very secure in Unix. (This is not entirely correct, and some Hacker live in the old era, even don't like this situation, but the commonly used symbiosis between UNIX and the Internet has become unbreakable, even Microsoft's bulk muscles Failure to leave a significant scar on it.)
So put the unix! (I like Linux, but there are other stuff available.) Learn it, let it work, let it feel with you. Use him to shout throughout the Internet. Look at the program code, change the program. One day you become a high hique HACKER, you will find it when you look back, you get the programming tool (including C, Lisp, and Perl) than the Microsoft operating system. And get happiness and learn more than you think. About learning UNIX, there are more information on loginataka. (Http://www.ccil.org/~esr/faqs/loginataka.html)
Look at the directory or Linux CD of Linux Distribution, and deliver yourself to it.
3. Learn to use World Wide Web and learn to write HTML
It is mostly used in Hacker culture, mostly used outside their activities. For example, in the factory and disorder or university being indifferent. But the web is a big exception, the big toys in the eyes of this Hacker are even accepted by politicians, and they are clever in changing this world. So (there are many good reasons), you must learn the web.
Not just learning to use Browser (this is too easy), and learn to write the HTML of this web label language. If you don't know how to design the program, write HTML can also give some habits. Ok! ! Establish Home Page!
However, there is a Home page that does not make you a HACKER. The web is all home, and most of them have a focus, there is nothing about the mud - very good looks, but it looks the same, almost. (Http://www.ccil.org/~esr/html-hell.html)
In order to make your Page have its value, it must be something with content - it must be fun and (or) for other Hacker.
Hacker Culture
Just like most cultures without economic activities, HackerDom's operation is based on the place. When you try to solve an interesting question, if you do something interesting, your solution is not really easy, these only your technology is ready to evaluate you.
So when you start playing Hacker games, your main score is from other Hacker's views on your technology (this is why you only think that you are HACKER, you are only a true Hacker. This fact is thought that Hacking is an impression of a lonely work; it is also taboo (now gradually decay, but still existence) and there is a major or privilege between people inner motives. Conflict.
Specifically, HackerDom is the "genius culture" of anthropologists. The status and prestige you have got thereto don't come to dominate others, or because of long pretty, or because you have something you want, it is born. Especially, you give your time, your creativity and your technical results.
There are five things below, you will love Hacker because of doing these things:
1. Write free software
The first is to write interesting or easy-to-use programs that other Hackers, and open Source open to people in HACKER culture.
HackerDom's favorite person is a person who writes a big and powerful program, and this program is widely needed, so everyone is doing these programs. 2. Help Test and Debug Free Software
Hacker also respects people who help Debug free software. This is not a perfect world, you can't avoid most of the software development cycle on the Debug phase. That's why the brain of any free software developers will tell you something, a good Beta tester (can very clearly describe the situation, the correct discovery problem, can tolerate the test version of the bug, and can carry Some simple diagnostic programs) are as expected as the ruby.
If you are a rookie, try to start looking for a development procedure you are interested, and become a good Beta tester. Starting from helping test, you are natural, you start to help Debug, and then start helping to modify the program. You will learn a lot in this process, and you can help you in the future.
3. Publish useful information
Another good thing is to collect and filter useful and interesting information, organize documents such as web page or faq, so that everyone can easily gain.
Several major technology FAQ maintaines can have almost the same respect for free software authors.
4. Help maintain some simple work
Hacker culture is maintained by a group of volunteers. There are some work that is very borus but must maintain normal operation, such as: Manage Mailing List, maintaining NewsGroup, maintains a large software supply station, driving RFC and other technical standards.
Doing this kind of thing will get a lot of respect, because everyone knows that these work is very spent, but it is not interesting like play with programs.
5. Strive for Hacker culture
In the last item, you can work for this culture, and promote this culture (for example, write a correct entry manual, teaching how people become a Hacker :-). This is not what you should do before you have known one of the four things in front.
Correctly, Hacker culture does not have any leaders, but in this culture, there is a so-called cultural hero, a historian historian. When you are mixed for a long time, you may become a member of this. Note: Hacker does not believe in the ethnic group, the elderly, so it is very dangerous. Instead of competing with others, you would rather position your own, give yourself a kind of intimate identity.
Hacker and Nerd (freak) relationship
Become a HACKER, you don't need to become a hateful person (Nerd), which is in social normal. However, this is very helpful for you, and there are many Hacker who is annoying. When a society is beneficial to let you concentrate on true important things, for example: thinking and hacking.
Therefore, there are many Hackers who have received this styled `Nerd ', even using` Geek' (juggling actor) this word, and it is proud - this is a way to explain them outside the secular habits. . More related discussion can be found in The Geek page. (Http://samsara.circus.com/~omni/geek.html)
If you can focus properly on Hacking, and keep your life, it is good. And now I have to do this, it is easy when I am still a rookie before. Mainstream culture is now accepting TECHNO-NERD (technical freak). There are even more and more people think that Hacker can be a good boyfriend, girlfriend, husband and wife. More related messages can be found in Girl's Guide to Geek Guys. (Http://www.bunnyhop.com/bh5/geekguys.html) If you want to start Hacking because there is no life, it doesn't matter, at least you can't concentrate on the problem. Maybe you will be a HACKER.
Virtue point
Once again, it is necessary to understand the spirit of HACKER. If you don't play a computer, then there are some things to help you. These can't be a replacement of Hacker, but there are many Hacker often do these things and think that these things and HACKING have a basic connection.
* Read the scientific novels and participate in the novel (this is a good way to encounter Hacker and the original Hacker). * Learn Zen, and (or) the art of contacting the war. (Steel discipline seems to be very important) * Training your ear to the analysis of music, try to enjoy some kind of special music, play some musical instruments or sing. * Added awareness of a playful words and text games. * Strengthen your native language writing skills. (There is a very amazing number of Hacker, is a good writer. This includes a best Hacker I know.
The more you do it, then you will be born with a natural Hacker.
Finally, there are some things that don't do
* Do not use stupid and exaggerated codes (User ID) or pseudonym. * Do not join the USENET's war (or anywhere). * Don't claim to be `cyberpunk '(computer quail players), do not waste any time to do this. * Do not post or email some articles that are full of wrong words or text-oriented errors.
The result of doing these things is just the blame and criticism of everyone. Hacker's memory is very good, they will always remember what you do is, you may have to spend a few days to have a discovery to let them reach you.
Other resources
Loginataka has some training and attitudes about UNIX HACKER. (Http://www.ccil.org/~esr/faqs/loginataka.html)
I also wrote an introduction to Hackerdom history. (Http://www.ccil.org/~esr/faqs/hacker-hist.html)
Peter Seebach also maintains a very good HACKER FAQ, which is dedicated to people who don't know how to get along with Hacker. (Http://www.solon.com/~seebs/faqs/hacker.html)
I also wrote a paper "CATHEDRAL and THE Bazaar" explained the way Linux culture works. You can find it on the Page I wrote. (Http://www.ccil.org/~esr/writings/index.html)
I often have problems (FAQ) Q: Can you teach me how to HACK?
Since the publication of this Page, I have received many people a week, "Please tell me all about Hacking". But unfortunately, I don't have this time or to do this; my Hacking Project has used me 110% time. Even if I am willing, but basically, Hacking is a life attitude and technology that must be self-taking. You will find that when you really want to help you, you will not have their respect, if you ask them to give you the things directly.
Let's learn something first! Explain that you are trying to try, you have the ability to learn independently. Then take the problem you encounter to meet with Hacker.
Q: I want to go to a real HACKER that I can talk to and talk to them?
Very good, but it is determined, it will not be in IRC. As I can see, there is nothing in addition to the liar and Cracker. The best way is to find a group of UNIX or Linux near you and join them, and participate in their party (there is a directory in Linux Users' Group Page on Sun). (Http://unc.sunsite.edu/linux/ldp/lugs.html)
Q: Should I start learning from that kind of language?
If you really don't understand HTML, then start from it. There are a lot of bright and beautiful HTML mess on the market. My favorite one is HTML: The Definitive Guide. (Http://www.ora.com/catalog/html2/)
If you are ready to start learning Programming, I will suggest that you start from Perl (http://www.python.org/). And C is really important, but it is really difficult.
Q: How do I start? Can you get a free UNIX?
I have a place to get Linux everywhere in this page. To become a Hacker, you have to have motivation and take the initiative to learn. Just start now. . . .
Original eric s. raymond esr@snark.thyrsus.com
Translator thinker. Bbs@bbs.yzu.edu.tw
Reprinted smallhacker@yeah.net
