Summary: Windows 2000 Server / FreeBSD / RedHat Advanced Server 2.1 is all as a server. This article describes the three systems installed on a PC. Since the installation plan, then how to make the hard disk for the correct partition, follow the installation system, and specify the multi-system startup settings, guide you step by step to complete the Windows 2000 Server / FreeBSD / Redhat Advanced Server 2.1 Multi-Handling System installation.
This installation example refers to the information of some of the online installation system, and the specials expressed their gratitude to copyright, please indicate the source.
original:
http://shanyou.sti.gd.cn/unix/multiSysinstall.htm
First, installation plan
The installation of this example is configured to:
CPU Celeron 1G, 128MB memory, 40GB hard disk, Everbritter board, Inteli810 chipset integrated graphics card and AC97 sound card.
1.1 Data Backup: The original machine is installed with WIN98 / 2000 RedHat 7.3 and a large amount of data, and the data is backed up with the data.
1.2 Hard disk planning: The hard disk is large enough, can you be too ^ _ ^! First, the WIN2000 system area is given, that is, the C disk, about 4.5GB, main partition, FAT32 format; although Winnt / 2000 can use the FAT32 partition without using NTFS format, because I tried it several times, I can't complete multi-system Start configuration, multi-system configuration I adopt GRUB, maybe other ways can solve this problem, I do this is to consider system maintenance, I have to consider the problem of WINDOW 2000 is not stable enough. The partition of FreeBSD4.5G is then separated. FreeBSD can only be installed on the protected partition of the disk, which cannot be installed in the logical partition of the disk. This is wherever Win2000 cannot recognize the partition of FreeBSD, so it is a Win2000. Unachable, will not be recognized as a D disk; divide two partitions in the logical partition of the original disk for storage data, in order to be able to access in three systems, the partition format can only be FAT32 / NTFS, The partition size is 12G and 12G, respectively, and the remaining space is left to the Linux system.
Want to manage your multi-system boot, the following three programs can be selected:
1. Use Linux's startup manager Linux loader, GRUB / LILO control starts, and recommends using GRUB;
2. Use the WinNT / 2000 Start Manager Boot Loader to control the start;
3, using freebsd start manager bootmgr
4. Use a third-party multi-system startup manager, System Command or Boot Manager for Partition Magic, System, or Partition.
This example uses GRUB.
Second, the hard disk partition
In order to complete our established task, everyone is best to use easy-to-operate partition tools, such as partition magician partition magic, PM8, also told it PQ8, start:
Delete the original C, D partitions of the hard drive, and the resilience is as follows:
(The gray area is the main partition space, the light blue green part is the space of the expansion partition)
C: The main partition FAT32 is about 4.5GB
The primary partition is about 4.5GB partition format to use its own tool partition when installing FreeBSD.
* Extended partition - About 31GB of the original disk already, don't do it now
D: Logical partition FAT32 about 12GB
E: Logical partition FAT32 about 12GB
*: Logical partitions Unkown about 7GB When installing Linux, use its own tool partition with PQ8 divide the area, format the work to leave the system installation, you will know all your own.
Third, install WINDOW 2000 Server
When you put the WinNT / 2000 CD into the CD drive, you will start automatically, enter the installation mode, wait until you prompt Windows than your existing version, whether you want to upgrade, of course, "No", we have installed Window 2000 Server . Then select the first "Install Windows" in the main interface of the disc, then Winnt / 2000 begins to copy the temporary file required to install the hard disk (C drive), and then prompt the computer to enter the next step installation process. In this series of actions, the installer will make us have a chance to customize advanced options, and you need to change the system to manually select the partition to be installed during the installation, and the rest can keep the default.
After restarting, enter the second phase of the Win2000 installation, the installer loads the drivers required to detect the hard disk from the temporary folder on the hard disk, then display the hard disk partition, let us choose which partition installed Win2000 (High-level options for the installation partition):
Since then, the installer also copies files, detects hardware, setting system, etc., which still have one or two restarts, all the way, finally completed the Win2000 installation, see the sea blue desktop! Cool!
The entire installation process takes approximately one or two hours, just look at your hard drive "selling no longevity" (enough enough enough)!
Fourth, install the FreeBSD system
The first is the installation disc of FreeBSD. FreeBSD has many installation methods, the easiest way to use CD installation; however, in this way, the CD-ROM is also installed on a computer that can be used through the bootp service.
After the installation disc is started, the first appears to configure the kernel. Configuring the kernel is usually not required because FreeBSD can automatically identify hardware. However, if your hardware configuration is particularly special (for example, there are two network cards, using special IRQ, comparison is old, wait), then you may need to manually configure the kernel. For most cases, as long as you delete those devices that can be used, you can complete the FreeBSD installation; if you are not familiar with your hardware, this process can even skip. It is recommended that you configure the kernel and find problems as soon as possible. Configure the kernel Press Q to save the configuration, enter the installer SysInstall (8) of FreeBSD.
As a server administrator, the frequent server software update is essential. FreeBSD provides a very convenient upgrade method - CVSUP, which can get some or all source code for FreeBSD from FreeBSD CVSUP server, or a CVSUP image, and it only downloads those modified source code, and can be based on Need to choose the version suitable for you (using -stable can provide better stability, the latest features of the operating system, the most administrators will choose this; use -release to get the quality of mature products, although this is said, but actually There are very few people who choose this branch; users who use -current are mainly involved in FreeBSD development, this branch contains all new features that are about to enter -stable branches, but do not expect this branch to provide the necessary stability guarantee, also Don't expect it to bring good performance, but all security issues are first modified within this branch. I will introduce these later).
Once the initial kernel configuration is complete, it will start immediately and start SysInstall (8) based on the configuration file. We will see a standard text mode configuration interface, which is a bit similar to the interface of the application written in the early Visual Basic for MS-DOS. Select STANDARD to enter the standard FreeBSD installation process. The first is to partition the disk.
FreeBSD has a relatively large difference in the management of the disk and Windows. There is usually a partition on a disk is enough, and a partition can be divided into several slice, and mark (label). In fact, FreeBSD's SLICE can basically be equivalent to Windows disk partitions, or volume concepts.
Then create a slice on this partition. Similar to Linux, FreeBSD also uses a separate switch area. This design avoids fragmentation, and also prevents the impact on the file system, which is better. Usually the exchange partition is 2-2.5 times the memory, which is enough to cope with daily emergencies. / var is used to save files that are shared in the cluster, / TMP is used to save temporary files, and / usr is used to save files that need to be synchronized in the cluster. / Never say, it saves the file required to start the system. The usually give / allocate space is 256MB of 128MB, / TMP and / VAR, and the remaining is submitted to / usr. However, there is also an exception. If you plan to be a large mail system, then / var should be large (usually mail system dependencies / var to save emails). Of course, each SLICE can mount to different places (for example, you can turn the previous / usr into / var), but the first configuration can reduce a lot of trouble.
Of course, the lazy method is also there. In the case where there is no SLICE, or if it is not fully equipped, the system will give a set (or the remaining Label) default configuration. If you intend to provide a service such as a Web database, you can directly accept this set of configurations. Starting from FreeBSD 4.x, UFS supports a technology called SoftUpdates. SoftUpdates' main design goals are to improve file system performance. In addition to / where the SLICE is located, all UFS Slice should open SoftUpdates, which is very good for improving the overall performance of the system. (/ Although it is also UFS SLICE, Open SoftUpdates will cause system unstable - thefreebsd document so warning, and the author has eaten this loss. However, because / content does not need to change often, do not open Softupdates and open Softupdates almost There is no difference in performance). SoftUpdates can be turned on or off via Tunefs (8). In the Label (8) program, the logo that opens SoftUpdates is that the file system is displayed as ufs s. Then the installation medium is selected, whether you install a multi-boot program (this example does not choose to install) and the available distribution. It provides a number of common situations. Minium install the minimum system, including some basic UNIX programs. Developer includes some development tools; X-Developer and kernel-Developer are used by X and kernel developers, respectively. There are also optional ports that help us to install the application. I usually use Custom (custom installation), not install source code, Ports (because these can be used to get the latest from CVSUP, installation over and overwhelmed time), only XFree86 is installed (mainly to run CVSUP, because compilation does not need X CVSUP takes a long time, and many other things, such as the PHP to use GD, etc., requires support for XFree86 library files), basic system, and some library files. Of course, you can also choose to install other components as needed. After the completion, the system began to install it. Note that once the installation begins, all the previous partitions, establish a file system and other operations will be written to the hard disk, and there is no chance to repent. If you contain important data on your hard disk, please backup before this. Depending on the speed of the computer, this process may last for 10 minutes to hours. In this process, in addition to the disc or a hard disk problem, there is basically no additional branches. Press ALT F2 to switch to a console for debug SysInstall (8), Alt F4 can switch to a command line console, which is debugging the FreeBSD installation process, or to cope with emergency, usually. After all system files are installed, SysInstall (8) gives a congratulatory screen. At the same time, it also tells you how to run SysInstall (8) in the future, such as configuration, etc. In fact, sysinstall (8) in FreeBSD is basically equivalent to the role of the Windows Control Panel. You can then configure the network according to your own situation, set the time zone, display font, xwindow, etc. Sometimes it is not convenient, the author will accidentally delete Modules with root standing, and then recompile the core). There are also some packages on the FreeBSD installation. These packages are applications that are pre-all. For a machine with a good Internet connection, a speed enough speed is not needed to install Packages (excluding KDE and X, compiling them all the best to spend a day overnight).
This machine is still not "fast enough", so I installed CVSUP, it is in Devel. After installing the SysInstall tool. V. Install Red Hat Linux Advanced Server 2.1 System
Installing Redhat Linux Advanced Server 2.1 is much easier than FreeBSD system, providing a graphics installation interface, comparable to Window 2000, can be said to be better than Window (personal opinion).
Playing the first disc of Red Hat Linux Advanced Server 2.1 is started to run automatically, directly enter the graphic installation interface, I don't say it, basically "next step", configure the mouse, Configure the network, set the time zone, set the service software, set the super user password, install the starter GRUB, configure XWindow, at least one partition root / and swap exchange partitions to the configuration partition, my partition is like this: root /, / HOME, / VAR, / USR, SWAP partition, directly click Next, the installer begins to format the system partition and copy file to the root partition. GRUB is mounted to the MBR of the hard disk. After copying the file, then complete the final setting, make the system boot disk. I suggest you make a system boot disk. Restart the system after the installation is complete, where the multi-boot boot interface does not have freeBSD portals. You need to go to the Linux system to configure it.
Enter Linux system, edit file /BOOT/grub/grub.conf, join the startup FreeBSD project
Title FreeBSD
Root (HD0, 1, A)
Kernel / boot / loader
Save exit and restart the system. Select FreeBSD items to enter the FreeBSD system.
