LINUX burning disc
This article is excerpted: Linuxfocus.org Author: Gudio Sochor Abstract: This article describes how to burn a CD in the Linux environment.
Maybe you have read Katja in the A WHOL NEW World articles published on our past publications, now we continue Linux journey. If you have a lot of sound and image information now, you want to take them home, imagine how you should handle this thing. It is a good idea to burn all these things to the CD, this article will tell you how to burn the disc. what do you need? Hardware configuration: Of course, Linux must have been installed and run on your computer, and there is a CD engrave recorder to complete the job. If you have an opportunity for a SCSI burner, it is very good, your recorder can be directly identified by Linux core. You just check if your SCSI card is supported by Linux (see hardware library supported by Linux). All SCSI CD records can work under Linux. If it is a burner of the Atapi / IDE interface, you have to configure the SCSI interface to simulate, so that your recorder looks like a SCSI device, although the physical connection on the hardware is through the IDE bus. The ReadMe.atapi file in XcDroast is described as an example, and we also recommend you to read the CD Writing Howto chapter in LinuxDoc.org. For a USB burner, please refer to the USB-CD Writer Howto chapter in mobilix.org/linux_usb_cd.html. Since we all have experience in using the SCSI interface burner, this article will only be reproduced on the SCSI burner. CD burning software: If you want to burn a disc, you need the following procedures:
CDRecord: This program is actually communicating with the burner. Mkisofs: Making data discs require this program. Used to generate a disc file system image called an ISO image. CDDA2WAV: Reading digital music data from the music disc needs it. The above three software is included in the cdrtools package, you can download from www.xcdroast.org or ftp.fokus.gmd / pub / unix / cdrecord / download. With these tools you can already use the command line to burn the disc. If you want a more beautiful and friendly graphical interface, you still need a front desk software. Although there are many reception software available, only XcDroast (http://www.xcdroast.org) and Koncd (http://www.koncd.org/) are discussed in this article. XcDroast seems to be used up to front desk, we like to use Koncd because it is easy to use. Installing in most cases XcDroast has been installed on your computer, at least the redhat release version has been compiled with the Pam-Library library, which means that if you want to burn the disc, you always want to root password, you may Don't want to give the root password to each user who wants to burn the disc. The second disadvantage is that this program is not allowed through the network. Therefore, the latest version is best downloaded from http://www.xcdroast.org. There is a pre-compiled package for most public release versions. Koncd can be downloaded from www.koncd.org. The most recent version of Koncd rely on the new characteristics of QT / KDE. If you don't want to spend time on upgrading Qt and KDE libraries you can use the old version of Koncd. In this article, Koncd-0.7.5 is run under RedHat7.1. Ordinary users (non-root users) burning CD To burn CD You must first have the write power of these device files for hardware communication / dev / sg *. However, CDRecord also uses some real-time extensions that require root privileges to avoid debugging during burn. The best solution is to use SUID on CDRecord and CDDA2WAV. Ah? SUID? do not worry. If you want to accurately understand the SuID, you can read the file permission written by Guido, now you just enter the following two commands and then forget it enough, huh, huh. :-) Chmod 4111 / usr / bin / cdrecordchmod 4111 / usr / bin / cdda2wav, everyone knows that using SUID has certain potential security risks, but telling the root password to tell each user who wants to burn the CD, it's safe risk. Absolute less. If your CD recorder has been properly identified, you can test it now. Just run: cdrecord -scanbus If everything is normal, you should see the output similar to the following: 0, 6, 0 6) 'PLEXTOR' '' 'CD-ROM PX-W8220T' '1.03' Removable CD-ROM above those numbers and descriptions May be different as your hardware installation is different. You can also click on the setup button in one of both XcDroast or Koncd, which will detect if your burner is correctly identified. Now let's start burning the disc. General Precautions for Bush CDs The four necessary steps for burning discs:
You must choose the data / music you want to burn on the CD. You must set some options to the disc will be burned. For example, if you want to burn a music disc, you should choose between Tao and DAO mode. If you burn a data disc, you will set the options for file systems. You must create an image directory for files to be burned to the disc. If you only want to completely copy a disc to another disc, you can use "Write on the fly", otherwise you must first create an image on the hard disk. The image directory is a place where the data to be written to the disc is temporarily stored. For music discs, they are index files and WAV files that contain music. For data discs, it is a big file called ISO image. It officially started burning the disc. CDs typically need to write one-time, and the data stream cannot be interfered during the process of writing. Since the real-time expansion buffer is underlined, it is only a problem with the window user. In the Linux environment, you don't have to really prevent the Burn Proof. There is a special buffer called advanced first out (FIFO) in the disc sound recorder to compensate for small interference, which is usually sufficient to avoid burning in Linux. Despite this, you still have to be cautious, don't do the work that occupies too much CPU resources. You can browse the web, compile software ......... But delete big files may have problems, maybe it is enough to interfere with the process of engraving, causing a broken disc. If you are worried about the buffer underload, you can use analog write (false write) option before the real burning disc (the false write) option first test whether the disc is written to work. The burning process is tested in real data, but the laser head in the recorder is closed. First run a test, it is much better after a test is taken. In fact, you usually have to burn one time, which means that if you pull some things, even a small file, you have to reconverse once. Of course, you can also add some of the possibilities of multiple buses that you can add some things, but we don't discuss this method here, because many burn can't read in many disc auditors, sometimes this is not true, if one The price of Zhang Guangyi is low to us absolutely no reason to do not need this method. Settings When you start Koncd or XcDroast, you will see that they have a setup button. Here you can find out if your recorder is correctly identified and set some normal options. Let us now take a look at XcDroas and Koncd settings: XcDroast: When you run, you will jump out a window saying that you must run and configure it with root users, so you don't have to run in each user. Set once.
Device Scan: Here you can see all devices connected to the SCSI bus. Here you can choose which device from your burner and data / music. For "CD Writer Mode", you should give correct drivers, but usually use "AutodteTect" to OK. CD Writer FIFO Buffer Size: This parameter depends on your hardware. You have to look down on your burner manual to find this value, usually this value is 4MB or 8MB. Because a disc must be written without a data stream (depending on the design of the optical disk recorder), there is an advanced first-out buffer that avoids only small interference due to small interference. FIFO BUFFER. Here you must specify a temporary storage directory for the ISO image. Requires greater than 800M available disk space (you can check with DF -K / Temporary Directory This shell command or file manager). Miscellaneous:
Audio: Playing music with XcDroast, there is no impact on the burning process. The DSP supports digital signal processors, and it is also part of it through speakers. Network: If you are a lot of discs, their title information can be obtained from a database on the Internet. If you want to request this information while burning the disc, you can save a lot of input work. Logging: Generate a log file. INTERNATIONALIZATION: Here you can choose your language, so all the languages you choose. Options: Here you can, for example, set it, you can see a prompt when your mouse is shifted over the option button. Especially if you don't know much about this software, we recommend you to adopt these tips. Users: User root users will come to this panel. Here you can define those ordinary users to allow operations. Koncd: In a selection box you can see the equipment that Koncd automatically detects. You can tell the software that the write device will write when it is burned (this should be your recorder) and it will read from that device into the CD. This can be read from your CD ROM, if you only have a CD burner which can be used as a read or written to the disc. If your recorder is supported, you can also choose to prevent the buffer underload ("BURN Proof" option. When the FIFO buffer is almost empty (see), it prevents the buffer underload (Burn Proof) will reduce the write speed. (Simple) Music (Audio) CD Here you should consider a problem in a format. If you want a song, you have no problem from another music disc, you can just copy this disc. But you have to note that CDRecord can identify the AU and WAV file format and automatically convert them to the correct format that can play it. However, for other formats, you must first convert them to the WAV format, otherwise it will be recorded Only noise has been heard. Convert MP3 format to WAV format You can use the following command line: mpg123 -w /tmp/song.wav Song.mp3 This will allow you to make a normal music disc in MP3 music. Although this will take up more disk space, this CD can be played almost played on any CD player. You can choose whether you want to copy the TAO or DAO mode when you only burn the disc. In TAO mode, you will have 2 seconds in each song, and there will be no such interval in DAO mode, which makes the DAO mode are mode selection of live music records. TAO (= track at OnCE) track burns, DAO (= Disk at OnCE) burns. You can completely copy a disc or mix the songs from different discs, or other sound files, such as downloading from the internet. Let's take a look at how to copy a disc to: XcDroast: Select "Duplicate CD". From the left menu you can see: CD / Image Info, Read Tracks, Verify CD, Play Audio-TRACks: We don't understand what the above menu items are used. If you just want to copy a disc, there is no significance of these menu items above. At least our article adopts this version (XcDroast-0.98alpha9) XcDroast only allows a "Write on the fly", which you only need to "Write CD" menu. Write CD:
At the top you want to specify which device reads the data and the rate. The next step is to select an optical disc burner and its rate. The rate of reading data should be slightly higher than the write rate (avoiding the buffer underload). You can see "CD to Write" on the left: This is just the information you see. In addition to "Write on the fly", you have no other choice. On the right, you can see "Write Parameters": CD R / RW Type: Here you must specify how many minutes of the music disc that will be burned, and then select between Tao and DAO mode (see above). You can decide whether to do analog write (see above) and whether the disc is automatically popped up after the completion is completed. "PAD TRACKS" is not important when copying the disc. Use "Blank CD-RW" to delete the rewrite disc, and finally use the "WRITE CD" to burn the disc. Koncd: Select "Copy CD". At the top You can delete a rewrite to rewrite your capacity and setting the burning rate. The following "Options" you don't need to choose anything. Press "START" to start burning. Now let's take a look at the music that you want to come from different places. What should you do? XcDroast now you have to choose "Create CD".
Let's take a look at this menu:
CD / Image Info: You see the CD of the CD on the left; if you have something in your image catalog, you can see your image catalog in the right. Here you don't want to do anything, go directly to "Read Tracks". Read TRACks: At the top You want to select which devices read music data and image directories. In this case, the disc track is written in the form of a separate WAV file instead of writing as a single large image file. For music discs, don't use too high rates because the CD record specifies only "1x" (1 times speed) read, too high rates increase the possibility of generating bit errors, thereby reducing CD quality. No matter how the "4X" or "8x" is OK. Choose the track you want to copy and press Read SELECTED TRACks to read the directory of the audio track image you want. Verify CD: If you press the Verify button, read the track will perform a non-bore error check. Play Audio-TRACKS: Use this you can play songs in the image directory. Select the song you want to play double click. Master TRACks: This is only used for data discs, which will be ignored first. DELETE TRACks: Here you can see how many spaces you have runned, how much remaining, and you can remove all or part of the track from the image directory. Write TRACks: Here you must first go to the second panel "Layout Tracks". You will see your image catalog in the right. Select the track Press "Add" to copy them to the panel used to burn the track on the left. Back to the Write Tracks panel. Here you can find the same options already explained below "Duplicate CD". But now you have to choose the "PAD TRACKS" option. This will ensure that all of the above. WAV files are appropriately suspended in the sector boundary. The CD Record (AUDIO CD) requires all WAV files to be an integer multiple of 2352 bytes. "PAD TRACKS" adds some zero bytes to ensure the correct length. Press "WRITE CD" to start burning the disc. Koncd: Select "AUDIO CD". This version (0.7.5) of this version (0.7.5) does not support reading a separate track from another CD record, but you can choose many WAV files from the hard disk and write them as a channel to the disc. . Click Add Track to add a few WAV files to the selected track list. The following "Options" select "Use Padding" and click Start to start burn your disc. (Purely) Data CD requires a file system for data discs, that is, we often say that the disc must format. You must choose the file system you want, depending on what operating system you want to engrave. For example, the ISO-9660 standard describing the disc file system does not allow long file names, so some extension criteria have been made for this standard. Linux and UNIX systems can use the Rockridge extension criteria, Microsoft uses Joliet extension criteria. You can also have permissions as you know from the system you can do with the Rockridge format. The recommended solution is to use Rockridge and Joliet extension criteria on the same CD. If you just want to copy from another existing CD to a CD, you don't have to worry so much, because the CD has a file system, which can be copied. XcDroast: Select "DUPLICATE CD". Then, if you don't have to do anything as before, just press "Write CD". Koncd: Select "Copy CD" (see above).
If you want to copy data from your hard drive:
XcDroast: Select "CREATE CD" and then "Master TRACKS" on the left side of the menu. Select the directory you want to write into the disc in "Master Source". You can also choose the path and name already on the disc (do this with the "Redirect" button on the left). ISO 9660 OPTIONS: You can choose a predefined image type: If you want the CD, you can read if you can read it on Linux and Windows's computer, you can use Rockridge Joliet. Under the boot option, you can generate bootable discs, but this exceeds the discussion scope of this article. If you want to boot the disc, we recommend you to use a pre-established ISO image file (see the references at the end of the article). CREATE session / image: This is a very important panel. Here now you can generate an ISO image that selects a good file in the first panel. Press "Master Image to File" to do this. Always choose "fixation" (or better not to select "Do NotateAfter Write") unless you want to do multiple buses, don't choose Fixation, you will not generate your tolerance table TOC (= Table of contents), so Your CD is not easy to read in many optical drives. Start "Write Tracks": This image you created under the "Master TRACKS" panel now. To the "Layout TRACKS" panel, select your image file, press the "Add" button. Then return to the "Write Tracks" panel, press the "Write Tracks" button at the bottom. Now your disc is burned.
Koncd: Copy All You Want to write the file to the disc to a directory (with the shell command CP or File Manager). Open Koncd and select "Master CD". Give the directory of your copyright as a source directory below "Data". Now you have several possibilities for making the CD. We recommend first ending into an ISO image, then write the image to your disc. Enter the name of the image file that will be generated under Data -> Image File. This koncd version used in this article requires this file already exists, so use the shell command "touch image" to generate an empty file called "Image". To the "Options" option, click "CREATE CD Image", press "Calculate Size" on the right, then "start". Once the image file is generated, click the "Write CD" option, do not select "CREATE CD-Image". Now the disc burner starts to burn the disc. Backup Your Home directory basically allows you to back up everything with the method described under pure data disc. If the amount of data in your home directory is too large, you should use a single subdirectory to write them into different discs. Tips and Tips Check if the ISO image is intact before the last burning disc, you can install the ISO image as a real disc for this: Convert to root users: su - create an empty directory (as load point): MKDIR / TMP / MYCD installs ISO images (connection ISO image to the directory): mount -o loop -t iso9660 image.iso / tmp / mycd Now you can use the "ls" command to check the disc image: ls / tmp / mycd if If you have no problem, you can uninstall it: umount / tmp / mycd ........... Then burned the image to your CD. In front of the command line tool we have discussed two graphics reception software for burning the disc, you can also use only command lines to burn the disc. If you look at the help of CDRecord, you can see hundreds of options, ah ... don't be afraid. It is more simple to do with the beginning. Download CDRecordeasy and MkisofSeasy. Two Perl scripts. They are included in EasyCDscripts this package (EasyCDScripts download page) unpacking the package with the following command: TAR ZXVF EASYCDScripts-0.1.tar.gz now runs the command cdrecord -scanbus. Find the row in the recorder, remember the numbers starting this line, these numbers look similar to 0, 4, 0 or 0, 6, 0 ... Edit the CDRecordeasy file, starting to find $ dev in the file starting to find $ dev = ... this line, in $ dev = ..., enter the number you see in front. Now we have completed the installation of our two small script files. Creating a data disc is now very easy: Copy all you want to engrave into the disc to a directory (for example ~ / cdrom). Today, the hard drive is very large and cheap, copying a few hundred m should have no problem. Run command: mkisofseasy ~ / image.iso ~ / cdrom This will generate all the files under ~ / cdrom to an ISO image. Run the following command to burn the disc: cdrecordeasy ~ / image.iso is this, is it easy to see more than just start? :-)
