Using users who are used to Windows operating systems, like those who are reluctant to unplug the plug in Matrix, once the operating system like Linux is always used by Windows's way of think and look at Linux, it is often a lot of interesting. Joke. Let's take a look at what problems will be encountered in WINDOWS users to meet these issues.
Where did the CD go?
Contact Linux / UNIX, enter a directory of Linux, often knock into the CD command to view the current path. As a result, when a command was run again, I found that I have changed the location and returned to the home directory after using LS / DIR.
Under Linux, you can view the current absolute path with the PWD command, and the CD without any parameters will return to the user directory. There are also "~" symbols and shortcuts to the user directory. For example, run "~ myApp" in any location, perform the MyApp file in the user directory.
The file in the current directory cannot be found
Probably a lot of Linux newcomers have encountered such problems: Obviously this executive file is in the current directory, but the file name system is not could not find this command?
Under Linux, the system is only based on the environment variable $ PATH to search the executable command, even if the command is no exception in the current directory. When performing files in the current directory, you need to add "./", such as ./myapp. Another solution is that the $ PATH variable is modified in / etc / profile, plus ":." In this way, the system has more locations of a search execution file, that is, the current directory. After this variable takes effect, you can execute the current file as you will be as Windows.
The downloaded program cannot be executed
Some download files usually make executables such as bin files for J2SDK. After downloading, the system is executed, but the system prompts that there is no such command or access to reject. Is there a problem with the download file?
This is the most susceptible place for Windows users. Linux is most prone to trouble. Linux does not determine whether the file can be executed as a file subrout name as Windows, but according to file permission. If the current user has a corresponding X permissions, then the file is executable. For example, file a, owner is root, permissions are rwxr - r -, then only root has X permissions, you can execute it. For other users, the file is not executable. So if you perform some files fail, you should first check it, you can use the ChMOD X file name, and then execute.
No deltree command
How to delete the entire directory is another big problem that Windows users encountered in Linux. According to the instructions, the file under Linux is the RM command, but after typing the RM directory name, the prompt directory cannot be deleted.
In Linux, RM can perform any delete operations you want. So that there is experienced Linux users, it is afraid of the power of the RM command, usually in the environmental configuration file / etc / bashrc, add ALIAS RM RM -I, replacing the default RM command with the RM -I parameter, which will be before deleting the file Let the user confirm once. Deleting subdirectories can be used with "RM -RF directory name", regardless of how many subdirectories, how many files can be deleted.
Where to set the implied properties of the file
Why can't Linux set files that implied attributes?
In fact, as long as it is in Linux, it is automatically hidden. Do not believe that there are many files such as .bashrc ,.profile, such as .bashrc, .profile, it is just there, but they have not found it.
Dynamic connection library
When you run some programs, you will prompt LIBXX.xx.so can't find it. The SO file is the DLL dynamic link library under Windows, is it because the library such as VBRUN is not installed? This is basically correct, but it is not even. When using the source code to compile, you may not specify a lib installed directory, then the default is installed under $ prefix / lib, that is, the lib directory in the software installation directory. If some other software attempt to call a libiray in this directory, the above may occur because the system is stored by default to the SO file is / usr / lib.
There are two ways to solve, the first is to create a soft link, generate a connection to this file under / usr / lib, such as ln -s /usr/myapp/lib/my.so/usr/lib/ My.so. Thus, when the software is found under / usr / lib, it is actually called /usr/myapp/lib/my.so file. The second method is to modify the path to the SO file, edit / etc / ldconf to join the corresponding path. You can also run the "LDCONFIG path name".
How to find files that contain specified strings
The Find command in Linux is very powerful, but why don't you support the search for some strings?
Find in Linux does not support this lookup. However, this function can be easily implemented with GREP under Linux. For example, if you want to find all files that contain "Linux" in the system, you can use the following command:
Find / -name "*" -exec grep -l "linux" {} /
The system guides the problem cannot be used.
FDISK / MBR and SYS C:
Linux can start from any environment, as long as its own system file is not damaged. If you make a GRUB boot disk, this disk can start any type of Linux anywhere. For example, if Linux is unable to boot at the hard disk second partition, you can start using GRUB, enter the following code:
Root (HD0, 1)
Kernel /boot/vmlinuz-2.4.x Ro root = / dev / hda1
Initrd /boot/initrd-2.4.x.img
Boot
Some of these kernel files differ depending on the system, you can press the Tab to check all possible items when you are unclear.
link
Linux dictionary (3)
X-Window
The Unix graphics window environment is also referred to as X11 or X, which is the underlying programming environment that many user interfaces need.
KDE
KDE (K Desktop Environment) is one of the most important user interfaces (Window Manager) for Linux, which is built with QT. Its URL is http://www.kde.org, the latest version is 3.3.
Gnome
GNOME (GNU Network Object Model Environment) is a user interface for Linux (Window Manager), which is built with GTK. Its URL is http://www.gnome.org, the latest version is 2.0.
XFree86 x free intel x86
Xfree86 is a X-Window system version of Linux. Used by Gnome, KDE, and other Linux User Interfaces / Window Manager. Its URL is http://www.xfree86.org, the latest version is 4.3.
Virtual Desktop
Virtual Desktop is a method that extends the user's workspace outside the computer screen boundary. The desktop can be scrolled up and down, as if a larger desktop is placed behind the glass screen and can move around to display icons, windows, and other objects other than "behind the scene" or vision. Window Manager
Window Manager, a graphical user interface (GUI). It runs above the X-WINDOW to provide users with windows, icons, taskbars, and other desktop objects.
Kernel
The kernel is the core of the operating system, all other components depend on it. Nuclear management such as underlying hardware interaction and resource sharing, including memory allocation, input / output, security, and user access. The version sequence of the kernel uses three numbers, such as 2.4.10. The version number is divided into two, one is the product sequence use even representation; the other is the test version of the odd number. The higher the version number, the more functions. At present, the main release version of Linux is 2.4.xx kernel.
LILO
LILO (Linux Loader) is a Linux loader. It is an operating system that uses the most partition boot manager utility to boot outside Linux.
Gurb
GRB (Grand Unified Bootload) is a multiple start manager. It can choose which system boot when multiple operating systems coexist. Compared with LILO, GRUB can guide the root partition in 8.4GB operating system, and do not need to patch. Gurb is considered to be a LILO alternative.
